백서 구치의 실험적 치아이동시 견인측 치근막에서 혈관성장인자의 발현에 관한 연구

임용규,신춘식,이동렬 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.1

치주인대에 일회성의 적절한 인장력을 가하였을 때 견인측 치근막에서 나타나는 혈관성장인자(VEGF)와 그 수용체(VEGFR)의 발현의 변화를 보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 8-10주된 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성 백서(rat)에서 상악 좌측 제1대구치에 closed coil을 이용하여 근심방향으로의 교정력을 가하였으며 1시간, 12시간, 1일, 3일, 1주, 2주 군으로 분리하여 각 군 당 5마리씩의 실험동물을 배정하였다. 우측 제1대구치는 치경부에 ligature wire만 결찰하고 동일 실험시간이 지난 후 대조군으로 이용하였다. 견인력이 가해진 치근막에서 VEGF와 VEGFR및 이들의 mRNA의 발현 양상의 변화를 H&E 염색 및 면역조직화학적 염색과 in situ hybridization법으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 치주인대의 신장으로 인한 혈관의 압박에 의해 울혈과 부분적인 출혈상이 초기에 나타났으나 3일 이내에 대조군과 같은 정도로 회복되었으며 신생골의 형성은 3일 이후 나타나서 2주간 지속되었다. 2.치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 치주인대 세포와 조골세포, 백악아세포에서의 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현증가가 나타나며 이는 치주인대 혈관의 증가로 이어졌다. 3.인장력을 가하고 3일 이후에는 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현은 주로 치조골 인접면의 치주인대세포와 조골세포에서만 관찰되었으며 2주후에는 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA, 치주인대혈관 모두 대조군과 유사한 정도로 감소하였다. 4.VEGF수용체인 Flt-1과 Flk-1은 거의 동일한 발현 양상을 보였으며 주로 혈관 내피세포와 조골세포에서 관찰되었으나 치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 초기에 혈관내피세포에서 그 발현이 증가하였다. 조골세포에서의 발현증가는 내피세포에 비교해서 다소 늦게 나타났으나 발현의 증가는 더 뚜렷하였다. 결론적으로 교정력을 가했을 때 견인측 치주인대의 치주인대세포와 조골세포, 백악아세포에서 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현이 증가하며 이에 이어 혈관의 증가가 나타나고 신생골의 형성은 혈관의 증가 후에 나타나는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 백악아세포에서 발현이 증가된 VEGF mRNA는 치조골측으로 편재해 있던 혈관이 견인의 방향으로 치아를 향해 성장하도록 유도하는 것으로 사료되었다. VEGFR 및 VEGFR mRNA는 내피세포 뿐 아니라 조골세포와 골세포, 치주인대세포에서도 발현이 증가하여 VEGF가 paracrine한 방식 뿐 아니라 autocrine한 방식으로도 작용함을 알 수 있었다. This study was performed to analyse the expression of VEGF and it's receptor(VEGFR) in the tension side of the periodontal ligament following orthodontic tooth movement. Upper first molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were moved medially using closed coil spring for 1, 2, 24 hours and 3, 7, 14 days. H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization methods were used to analyse the change of the expression of VEGF and VEGFR. The results from trus study were as follows : 1.Following tensional force, periodontal ligament showed elongation of fibers, compression and congestion of vessels and regional hemorrhage. These tissue changes were recovered within 3 days of force application. New bone formation was seen after 3 days of force application and continued for the remaining experimental periods. 2.Following tensional force, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was increased in the periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts and cementoblasts. This change was followed by increased vasculature in the periodontal ligament. 3.After 3 days of tensional force, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was confined mainly to the osteopaths and the periodontal ligament cells adjacent to the alveolar bone. After 2 weeks of force application, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was reduced to the level of control sample. 4.VEGFRs(Flt-1, Flk-1) showed similar expression pattern and it's expression was mainly seen in the endothelial cells and osteoblasts. Following tensional force VEGFR expression was increased in the endothelial cells and osteoblasts. In conclusion, in the tension side of the periodontal ligament, ligament cells, osteoblast and cementoblast showed increased expression of VEGF & VEGF mRNA. It preceded the increase of vasculature and new bone formation. The increased expression of VEGF mRNA in cementoblast may induce periodontal vessels, which distribute mainly the bone side half of periodontal ligament, group in the direction of tensional force. Increased expression of VEGFR & VEGFR mRNA not only in endothelial cell but in osteoblast, osteocyte and periodontal cells showed VEGF acts not only in paracrine manner but in autocrine one.

학습제어기를 이용한 다이렉트 드라이브 매니퓰레이터의 위치제어에 관한 연구

안영주,신춘식,황용연 釜慶大學校 1996 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.1 No.2

Direct drive robots are suitable to the position and force control with high accuracy, but it is difficult to design a controller because of the system's nonlinearity and link-interactions. This paper is concerned with the study of the position control of direct drive robots. The proposed algorithm consists of a feedback controller and neural networks. After the completion of learning, the output of the feedback controller is nearly equal to zero, and the neural networks play an important role in the control system. Therefore, the optimum setting of control parameters is unnecessary. In other words, the proposed algorithm does not need any knowledge of the controlled system in advance. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by the experiment on the position control of the parallelogram link-type direct drive robot.

섭동계수를 갖는 단일 자기부상 시스템의 강인한 제어기 개발에 관한 연구

이형기,변기식,신춘식,탁한호 釜山工業大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

A EMS(Electro Magnet Suspension) nonlinear system is linearized by using Taylor series expansion around nominal point. A method of stability analysis for a low-order characteristic equation with perturbed coefficients is proposed. A PID controller to the linearized EMS system is designed by the method. Computer simulations are carried out in the system with the controller for various masses.

동종골수이식 후 혈당 및 혈중 지질농도의 변화양상 및 관련인자

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘주 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.6

연구배경:골수이식은 비교적 젊은 연령의 환자들을 대상으로 하며 면역억제제의 사용기간이 비교적 짧으므로, 주로 고령의 만성 질환 환자에서 시행되는 고형장기이식에서와는 달리 당대사 및 지단백 대사에 있어서 많은 차이점이 있을 것으로 추측된다. 저자들은 전향적 연구를 통하여 골수이식 후 시기별로 혈당 및 혈중지단백 변화 양상을 알아보고 이와 관련된 임상인자들을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법:1998년 10월부터 1999년 8월까지 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 동종골수이식을 시행한 환자들 중 43명을 대상으로 이식 전 및 이식 후 1, 2, 3, 4주와 3개월, 6개월에 공복 혈당, 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백을 측정하여 골수이식 후 시기별 변화를 관찰하고 여러 임상인자들에 따른 차이를 알아보았다. 결과:1. 공복혈당은 골수이식 수 첫4주 동안 상승하였고 이후 감소하였으나 이식 6개월 시점의 평균 공복혈당은 이식 전보다 유의하게 높게 관찰되었다. 혈중 총 콜레스테롤은 이식 후 1주에 최고치를 형성하였고 이후 기저수준으로 회복되었다가 이식 수 3,6개월에 다시 증가하여 기저치에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 혈중 중성지방은 이식 후 1개월까지 유의하게 증가하였고 이후 감소하여, 3,6개월에는 기저치와 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 혈중 고밀도지단백은 이식 후 2,3주에 이식 전보다 유의하게 감소하였고 이후 이식 전 수준으로 회복되었다. 혈중 저밀도지단백은 총 콜레스테롤의 변화와 매우 유사하였다. 2. 골수이식 후 6개월 시점에서 공복 혈당이 126㎎/dL이상인 환자는 7명(16%)이었다. 이들 환자들과 공복혈당 126㎎/dL 미만의 환자 36명을 비교한 결과, 공복혈당이 126㎎/dL 이상인 환자군에서 스테로이드 평균 투여량이 많았고 고밀도지단백이 유의하게 낮았다. 3. 이식편대숙주질환이 발생한 환자는 그렇지 않은 환자보다 이식 후 1, 2, 3주 및 6개월의 총 콜레스테롤이 더 낮았고, 3개월의 공복혈당이 더 높았다. 혈연골수이식 환자군은 비혈연골수이식 환자에 비해 투여된 스테로이드 용량이 더 적음에도 불구하고 이식 후 1, 2, 3주 및 6개월의 총 콜레스테롤 수치가 더 높았다. 스테로이드 고용량 투여군(하루 평균 7.5㎎기준)은 저용량군보다 이식 후 3개월 시점의 공복혈당이 더 높았으나 나머지 시점의 혈당, 혈중 지질농도에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 결론:골수이식 후 초기시기에 주로 당 대사 및 지질대사이상이 관찰되며 이는 면역억제제 투여와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 면역억제제가 고용량 투여되는 합병증 발생 시 이들 대사이상에 관심을 기울여 대처해야 할 것이다. Background: In bone marrow transplantation(BMT), recipients are usually younger and immunosuppressants are open used in shorter period than in solid organ transplantation. Therefore, there might be a difference in glucose and lipid metabolism between BMT and solid organ transplantation. However, the serial changes of metabolic parameters following BMT have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the serial changes of blood glucose, lipids and the putative factors that are related with these changes after BMT. Methods: We have prospectively investigated 43 patients who underwent allogeneic BMT. Fasting plasma glucose(FPG), total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) were measured before BMT, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 weeks and 6 months after BMT. The serial changes of these metabolic parameters according to clinical factors including type of BMT, mean daily steroid dosage, and occurrence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) were examined. Results: 1. Mean FPG level increased during 4 weeks after BMT and remained above basal value at post-transplant 6 months. Total Cholesterol level was increased during initial 4 weeks after BMT and was above basal value at post-BMT of 3 and 6 months. Triglyceride level was progressively increased during initial 4 weeks after BMT, but returned to basal value there after. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased during initial 4 weeks after BMT, but returned to basal value there after. 2. Patients with FPG above 126 mg/dL and the other patients, the former received larger amounts of daily steroid and had lower HDL-cholesterol level. 3. The changes of metabolic parameters were different according to type of BMT, steroid dose, and occurrence of GVHD. Conclusion: Although there was increase of FPG, TC, TG and decrease of HDL-C during initial 4 weeks after BMT, these metabolic changes recovered slowly thereafter. Immunosuppressants are thought to be associated with these changes. Further observation will be needed for the long-term effect of BMT on metabolic changes(J Kor Diabetes Asso 24:689~698, 2000).

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

대량의 각혈로 사망한 장티푸스 1예

한상우,유진홍,권순석,김성훈,박지찬,홍은정,최경성,박용완,장준희,안지원,박유경,강지영,박상미,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

We experienced a 25 year-old male patient with typhoid fever complicated with massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary complication in typhoid fever is very rare and to our knowledge, there has been no report of hemoptysis as a main cause of death with this disease. We herein report a rare case of typhoid fever.

플라이백 컨버터방법에 의한 태양광발전설비의 납축전지 스위칭모드 전환형 펄스충전기 개발

신춘식(Choon-Shik Shin),안영주(Young-Joo An),김동완(Dong-Wan Kim) 대한전기학회 2009 전기학회논문지 P Vol.58 No.1

In this paper, the switching mode conversion type pulse charger by fly-back converter method for lead battery of the solar cell generator equipment is proposed. And we propose the control circuit and design method of insulated switching mode convert type pulse charger by fly-back convert method in the lead battery. The proposed system can minimize the current consumption by digital pulse. Also the proposed system can generate the constant 10[KHz] frequency, transmit the signal with main control system in the power control system. And it supervises the state of lead battery using one chip micro processor. The proposed the switching mode conversion type pulse charger by the fly-back converter method can charge fast and stabilize lead battery with nominal value 12[V], 20[AH]. Also we propose the design procedure of the power control circuit for turn ratio of fly-back inductor and determining method of values such as the charging current, bulk current, partial current, over current value and fixed charging voltage. The experiment results for the voltage and current wave for partial, bulk, over and fixed charging period show the good charging effect and performance. And the PCB and internal coupling diagram of the switching mode conversion type pulse charger by fly-back converter method is presented.

폐납축전지 재활용을 위한 펄스전류에 의한 전압조정기와 펄스충전기의 개발

申春植(Choon-Shik Shin),安永株(Young-Joo An),金?完(Dong-Wan Kim) 대한전기학회 2007 전기학회논문지 P Vol.56 No.2

In this study, the pulse charger and voltage regulator are proposed that can reuse the waste lead acid battery. The first we develop the voltage regulator that can reuse the waste lead battery. And the pulse current is applied to the terminal of the waste lead acid battery. The voltage regulator is available principle of the pulse current which can reduce the sulfate to incipient material such as Pb and PbO2. Therefore the internal resistance of the lead acid battery is decreased, the performance of the lead acid battery is improved and the durability is prolonged. The second we develop the pulse charger using the voltage regulator. The pulse charger uses the switch mode of the forward convert method. The pulse charger maintain the constant voltage in state removing the lead acid battery and when it connected the pulse charger, it is converted the charge mode of the constant current immediately. It continues the rapid charge until the full state of the lead acid battery. After that the pulse charger is converted to the charge mode of constant voltage automatically, and then it continues the normal charge. The experiment results show that the effectiveness of the voltage regulator and pulse charger such as the good performance and the prolonged durability in lead acid battery of the small and large capacity.

모드 전환형 펄스충전기를 이용한 폐납축전지 재활용에 관한 연구

신춘식(Choon-Shik Shin),안영주(Young-Joo An),김상동(Sang-Dong Kim),신영미(Young-Mi Shin),김종달(Jong-Dal Kim),김동완(Dong-Wan Kim) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

In this paper, the pulse charger with mode consersion type is proposed that can reuse the waste lead battery. The pulse charger uses the switch mode of the forward convert method. The pulse charger maintain the constant voltage in state removing the lead battery and when it connected the pulse charger, it is converted the charge mode of the constant current immediately. It continues the rapid charge until the full state of the lead battery. After that the pulse charger is converted to the charge mode of constant voltage automatically, and then it continues the normal charge. The experiment results show that the effectiveness of pulse charger such as the good performance and the prolonged durability in lead battery according to capacity states.

人口政策을 위한 組織 및 機構上의 諸問題

安啓春(Ahn Key Choon),Pyo Seh Jin(토론자),Shin Byong Shik(토론자),Yoon Jong Joo(토론자),Park Hoong Soo(토론자) 한국인구학회 1979 한국인구학 Vol.2 No.1

One cannot over-emphasize the importance of organizational and structural effectiveness in formulating and implementing a population policy successfully. First, in formulating and effectively implementing a population policy, it is imperative to keep the nation's common interest in mind. Second, a population policy should be formulated in coordination with other social and economic policies of the nation. There should also be an integration of various population policies to form a comprehensive national population policy. Population policy can be defined as the public policy designed to bring about a change or changes in population and demography or the nation in a desired direction. Deeping this definition in mind, let us examine the structure and organization of formulating the population policies in Korea. The authority in formulating the population polices in Korea resides in the Population Policy Evaluation Committee. This Committee has not taken a comprehensive view of population issues. Instead, it has confined its activities in slowing the growth rate of the nation's population. Furthermore, the Committee has not been active even in the this narrowly confined area of population issues. As for the Korea Development Institute which supports this Committee, it showed the lack of committment in the population issues of the nation's by the recruiting and securing the personnel necessary to formulate a comprehensive population policy. Therefore, one cannot expect the KDI to effectively oversee the formulation and implementation of the nation's population policy. The Fourth Investment Section of the Economic Planning Board which supervises and in fact operates the Committee does not have the experts in the population area and therefore, it does not have the expertise necessary to initiate sound population policies for the Committee to formulate, and then to implement the policies one they are formulated by the Committee. As pointed above, requires a comprehensive approach and coordination among various branches of the government are required to formulate and effectively execute a sound population policy. At present, however, there is no effective coordination among the various departments which deal with population policy and there is no overall organizational support. Another impediment to the effective formulation and implementation of population policies in Korea is the fact that there is no research organization which conducts research on all aspects of population with a comprehensive view of population problems. As a result, the research products tend to be fragmented and research that the government establishes an organization or designate an existing one which possesses the requisite expertise and authority to deal exculsively all the problems involved in formulation and implementing of a comprehensive population policy. It is also proposed that the government establish a research organization which might be named as the Korea Population Development Institute, patterned after the Korea Development Institute, which will coordinate all research efforts in population area. At the same time, there should be better channels or communications among various branches of government and other organizations in diseminating the research results on population and exchanging information on population issues Discussant Pyo, Seh,Jin, Director, Fourth Investment Section, Economic Planning Board: There are several discrepancies between what Professor Ahn presented and the facts of matter. Discussant Shin, Byong Shik, Chief, Family Planning Section, Ministry of Health and social Affairs: If what Professor Ahn proposed does not materialize, in other words, if there would be no all inclusive population research institute or an organization which can deal with all population problems effectively, there should be an examination of alternative ways to deal with the current population problems discussed by Profess