모드 전환형 펄스충전기를 이용한 폐납축전지 재활용에 관한 연구

신춘식(Choon-Shik Shin),안영주(Young-Joo An),김상동(Sang-Dong Kim),신영미(Young-Mi Shin),김종달(Jong-Dal Kim),김동완(Dong-Wan Kim) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

In this paper, the pulse charger with mode consersion type is proposed that can reuse the waste lead battery. The pulse charger uses the switch mode of the forward convert method. The pulse charger maintain the constant voltage in state removing the lead battery and when it connected the pulse charger, it is converted the charge mode of the constant current immediately. It continues the rapid charge until the full state of the lead battery. After that the pulse charger is converted to the charge mode of constant voltage automatically, and then it continues the normal charge. The experiment results show that the effectiveness of pulse charger such as the good performance and the prolonged durability in lead battery according to capacity states.

폐납축전지 재활용을 위한 펄스전류에 의한 전압조정기와 펄스충전기의 개발

申春植(Choon-Shik Shin),安永株(Young-Joo An),金?完(Dong-Wan Kim) 대한전기학회 2007 전기학회논문지 P Vol.56 No.2

In this study, the pulse charger and voltage regulator are proposed that can reuse the waste lead acid battery. The first we develop the voltage regulator that can reuse the waste lead battery. And the pulse current is applied to the terminal of the waste lead acid battery. The voltage regulator is available principle of the pulse current which can reduce the sulfate to incipient material such as Pb and PbO2. Therefore the internal resistance of the lead acid battery is decreased, the performance of the lead acid battery is improved and the durability is prolonged. The second we develop the pulse charger using the voltage regulator. The pulse charger uses the switch mode of the forward convert method. The pulse charger maintain the constant voltage in state removing the lead acid battery and when it connected the pulse charger, it is converted the charge mode of the constant current immediately. It continues the rapid charge until the full state of the lead acid battery. After that the pulse charger is converted to the charge mode of constant voltage automatically, and then it continues the normal charge. The experiment results show that the effectiveness of the voltage regulator and pulse charger such as the good performance and the prolonged durability in lead acid battery of the small and large capacity.

플라이백 컨버터방법에 의한 태양광발전설비의 납축전지 스위칭모드 전환형 펄스충전기 개발

신춘식(Choon-Shik Shin),안영주(Young-Joo An),김동완(Dong-Wan Kim) 대한전기학회 2009 전기학회논문지 P Vol.58 No.1

In this paper, the switching mode conversion type pulse charger by fly-back converter method for lead battery of the solar cell generator equipment is proposed. And we propose the control circuit and design method of insulated switching mode convert type pulse charger by fly-back convert method in the lead battery. The proposed system can minimize the current consumption by digital pulse. Also the proposed system can generate the constant 10[KHz] frequency, transmit the signal with main control system in the power control system. And it supervises the state of lead battery using one chip micro processor. The proposed the switching mode conversion type pulse charger by the fly-back converter method can charge fast and stabilize lead battery with nominal value 12[V], 20[AH]. Also we propose the design procedure of the power control circuit for turn ratio of fly-back inductor and determining method of values such as the charging current, bulk current, partial current, over current value and fixed charging voltage. The experiment results for the voltage and current wave for partial, bulk, over and fixed charging period show the good charging effect and performance. And the PCB and internal coupling diagram of the switching mode conversion type pulse charger by fly-back converter method is presented.

곡류가공품 중 제랄레논 오염도 조사

장미란(Mi-Ran Jang),이창희(Chang-Hee Lee),최인선(In-Sun Choi),신춘식(Choon-Shik Shin),김진희(Jin-Hee Kim),장영미(Young-mi Jang),김동술(Dong Sul Kim),안동현(Dong-Hyun Ahn) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.2

시중 유통 중인 과자류, 빵, 떡류, 면류 및 선식 등 432건을 immunoaffinity column으로 정제하여 HPLC-FLD로 제랄레논에 대한 오염실태를 조사하였다. 제랄레논의 검량선은 결정계수(R<SUP>2</SUP>)가 0.999 이상으로 양호한 직선성을 보였고 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 2.0, 6.0 μg/kg, 회수율 80.2-98.4%이었으며 RSD가 0.82-6.40%로 양호한 재현성을 나타내었다. 제랄레논 모니터링 결과, 과자류 중 스낵과자류 66건 중 3건에서 6.02-11.82 μg/kg 검출되었고 비스킷 71건 중 2건에서는 14.78-17.83 μg/kg 검출되었다. 면류, 빵류 및 떡류에서는 제랄레논이 검출되지 않았으며 침출차 14건에서 최고 53.76 μg/kg 검출, 선식 24건 중 16건에서 가장 높은 검출율(66.7%)을 나타내었다. 전분 2건, 시리얼두유 1건에서 제랄레논이 각각 5.55-8.56, 10.26 μg/kg 검출되었다. 제랄레논 모니터링 결과는 기준이 설정되어 있는 유럽연합(곡류분말: 75 μg/kg, 빵, 비스킷, 스낵, 아침식사대용 시리얼류: 50 μg/kg, 영아 및 유아용 시리얼류: 20 μg/kg) 기준이하의 수준이었으며 국내외 연구보고와 비교한 결과 낮거나 비슷한 수준으로 검토되었다. 연구결과 곡류가공품에 대한 제랄레논 오염수준은 높지 않았으나 지구 온난화로 기후변화에 민감한 곰팡이독소와 같은 자연 독소의 발생 증가가 우려되므로 선제적으로 대응하는 안전관리가 요구된다. Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic mycotoxin mainly produced by Fusarium graminerum, a species which colonizes a wide variety of cereals, including wheat, barley and processed products. A survey of ZEA contamination was conducted on 141 dried confectioneries, 59 breads and rice cakes, 135 noodles and 101 other products, for a total of 432 commercial samples. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) after immunoaffinity clean-up and was confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The limits of detection and quantification were 2.0 and 6.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery ranged from 80.2% to 98.4% in the cereal based product. ZEA was detected in 38 samples (8.8% incidence), including 3 snack, 2 biscuit and 33 other cereal products. The ZEA contamination levels were in the range of 5.38-53.76 μg/kg. Finally, LC-MS/MS analysis of the contaminated samples was conducted to confirm the detected ZEA, and all 38 samples showing ZEA by HPLC-FLD were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.

섭동계수를 갖는 저차특성방정식의 안정도 해석에 관한 연구

최부귀(Choi Bu Gui),이형기(Lee Hyoung Ki),변기식(Byun Gi Sig),신춘식(Shin Choon Shik),탁한호(Tack Han Ho) 한국통신학회 1991 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1991 No.8

HPLC-FLD 및 LC-MS/MS에 의한 두류 중 제랄레논 오염실태 조사

장미란(Mi-Ran Jang),이창희(Chang-Hee Lee),이효정(Hyo-Jung Lee),김지연(Ji-Yeon Kim),손상혁(Sang-Hyuk Son),신춘식(Choon-Shik Shin),김소희(So-Hee Kim),김대병(Dai-Byung Kim) 한국식품과학회 2008 한국식품과학회지 Vol.40 No.3

국내유통 중인 대두, 붉은콩, 검은콩 녹두 등 6품목의 두류 총 127건을 immunoaffinity column 정제방법 및 HPLC-FLD을 이용하여 제랄레논에 대한 오염실태를 조사하였다. 상관계수(R²) 0.999이상으로 양호한 직선성을 보였고 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 2.0 ㎍/㎏, 6.0 ㎍/㎏, 회수율 82.2-98.4%로 나타났다. RSD가 0.82-6.40%로 양호한 재현성을 나타내었다. 모니터링 결과, 대두(백태) 27건 중 1건(3.7%)에서 37.62 ㎍/㎏ 검출되었고 붉은콩(팥) 27건 중 12건 검출되어 44.4%의 검출율을 보였고 그 오염수준은 8.01-38.98 ㎍/㎏이었다. 나머지 시료 검정콩 16건, 녹두 24건, 서리태(속청) 19건, 서목태(약콩) 14건에서는 모두 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 총 시료 127건 중 13건 검출되어 10.2%의 검출율을 보였고 그 오염수준은 8.01-38.98 ㎍/㎏이었다, 검출시료 13건을 LCMS/MS로 확인한 결과 모두 제랄레논임이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과에서 나타난 두류의 검출빈도 및 오염수준은 유럽연합에서 설정된 기준규격 이하의 수준이었으나 곰팡이독소의 생성의 특이성을 고려한다면 지속적이고 광범위하게 오염실태 조사가 되어야 한다고 판단된다. A survey for zearalenone contamination was conducted on 27 soy bean samples, 27 red bean samples, 16 black bean samples, 19 seoritae samples, 14 seomoktae samples, for a total of 127 commercial Korean samples. Zearalenone was quantified by the immunoaffinity column clean-up method with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD), and was confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). The limits of detection and quantification were 2.0 ㎍/㎏ and 6.0 ㎍/㎏, respectively. The recovery in the beans ranged from 82.2 to 98.4%. According to HPLC-FLD, zearalenone was detected in 13 samples (10.2% incidence), including 1 soybean and 12 red bean samples. The zearalenone contamination levels were in the range of 8.01~38.98 ㎍/㎏. Finally, LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted in the contaminated samples to verify the results of HPLC-FLD. The LC-MS/MS results confirmed the presence of zearalenone in all 13 samples. The contamination level was lower than that of EU, which is below 100 ㎍/㎏ for raw grains.

학습제어기를 이용한 다이렉트 드라이브 매니퓰레이터의 위치제어에 관한 연구

안영주,신춘식,황용연 釜慶大學校 1996 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.1 No.2

Direct drive robots are suitable to the position and force control with high accuracy, but it is difficult to design a controller because of the system's nonlinearity and link-interactions. This paper is concerned with the study of the position control of direct drive robots. The proposed algorithm consists of a feedback controller and neural networks. After the completion of learning, the output of the feedback controller is nearly equal to zero, and the neural networks play an important role in the control system. Therefore, the optimum setting of control parameters is unnecessary. In other words, the proposed algorithm does not need any knowledge of the controlled system in advance. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by the experiment on the position control of the parallelogram link-type direct drive robot.

백서 구치의 실험적 치아이동시 견인측 치근막에서 혈관성장인자의 발현에 관한 연구

임용규,신춘식,이동렬 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.1

치주인대에 일회성의 적절한 인장력을 가하였을 때 견인측 치근막에서 나타나는 혈관성장인자(VEGF)와 그 수용체(VEGFR)의 발현의 변화를 보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 8-10주된 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성 백서(rat)에서 상악 좌측 제1대구치에 closed coil을 이용하여 근심방향으로의 교정력을 가하였으며 1시간, 12시간, 1일, 3일, 1주, 2주 군으로 분리하여 각 군 당 5마리씩의 실험동물을 배정하였다. 우측 제1대구치는 치경부에 ligature wire만 결찰하고 동일 실험시간이 지난 후 대조군으로 이용하였다. 견인력이 가해진 치근막에서 VEGF와 VEGFR및 이들의 mRNA의 발현 양상의 변화를 H&E 염색 및 면역조직화학적 염색과 in situ hybridization법으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 치주인대의 신장으로 인한 혈관의 압박에 의해 울혈과 부분적인 출혈상이 초기에 나타났으나 3일 이내에 대조군과 같은 정도로 회복되었으며 신생골의 형성은 3일 이후 나타나서 2주간 지속되었다. 2.치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 치주인대 세포와 조골세포, 백악아세포에서의 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현증가가 나타나며 이는 치주인대 혈관의 증가로 이어졌다. 3.인장력을 가하고 3일 이후에는 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현은 주로 치조골 인접면의 치주인대세포와 조골세포에서만 관찰되었으며 2주후에는 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA, 치주인대혈관 모두 대조군과 유사한 정도로 감소하였다. 4.VEGF수용체인 Flt-1과 Flk-1은 거의 동일한 발현 양상을 보였으며 주로 혈관 내피세포와 조골세포에서 관찰되었으나 치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 초기에 혈관내피세포에서 그 발현이 증가하였다. 조골세포에서의 발현증가는 내피세포에 비교해서 다소 늦게 나타났으나 발현의 증가는 더 뚜렷하였다. 결론적으로 교정력을 가했을 때 견인측 치주인대의 치주인대세포와 조골세포, 백악아세포에서 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현이 증가하며 이에 이어 혈관의 증가가 나타나고 신생골의 형성은 혈관의 증가 후에 나타나는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 백악아세포에서 발현이 증가된 VEGF mRNA는 치조골측으로 편재해 있던 혈관이 견인의 방향으로 치아를 향해 성장하도록 유도하는 것으로 사료되었다. VEGFR 및 VEGFR mRNA는 내피세포 뿐 아니라 조골세포와 골세포, 치주인대세포에서도 발현이 증가하여 VEGF가 paracrine한 방식 뿐 아니라 autocrine한 방식으로도 작용함을 알 수 있었다. This study was performed to analyse the expression of VEGF and it's receptor(VEGFR) in the tension side of the periodontal ligament following orthodontic tooth movement. Upper first molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were moved medially using closed coil spring for 1, 2, 24 hours and 3, 7, 14 days. H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization methods were used to analyse the change of the expression of VEGF and VEGFR. The results from trus study were as follows : 1.Following tensional force, periodontal ligament showed elongation of fibers, compression and congestion of vessels and regional hemorrhage. These tissue changes were recovered within 3 days of force application. New bone formation was seen after 3 days of force application and continued for the remaining experimental periods. 2.Following tensional force, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was increased in the periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts and cementoblasts. This change was followed by increased vasculature in the periodontal ligament. 3.After 3 days of tensional force, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was confined mainly to the osteopaths and the periodontal ligament cells adjacent to the alveolar bone. After 2 weeks of force application, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was reduced to the level of control sample. 4.VEGFRs(Flt-1, Flk-1) showed similar expression pattern and it's expression was mainly seen in the endothelial cells and osteoblasts. Following tensional force VEGFR expression was increased in the endothelial cells and osteoblasts. In conclusion, in the tension side of the periodontal ligament, ligament cells, osteoblast and cementoblast showed increased expression of VEGF & VEGF mRNA. It preceded the increase of vasculature and new bone formation. The increased expression of VEGF mRNA in cementoblast may induce periodontal vessels, which distribute mainly the bone side half of periodontal ligament, group in the direction of tensional force. Increased expression of VEGFR & VEGFR mRNA not only in endothelial cell but in osteoblast, osteocyte and periodontal cells showed VEGF acts not only in paracrine manner but in autocrine one.

섭동계수를 갖는 단일 자기부상 시스템의 강인한 제어기 개발에 관한 연구

이형기,변기식,신춘식,탁한호 釜山工業大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

A EMS(Electro Magnet Suspension) nonlinear system is linearized by using Taylor series expansion around nominal point. A method of stability analysis for a low-order characteristic equation with perturbed coefficients is proposed. A PID controller to the linearized EMS system is designed by the method. Computer simulations are carried out in the system with the controller for various masses.