Effects of CPEC on the Economy of China and Pakistan

Sadiq Ullah(Sadiq Ullah ),Mumtaz Alam(Mumtaz Alam ),Zulfiqar Ali Baig(Zulfiqar Ali Baig ) 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.8 No.3

CPEC is a huge investment that will bring prosperity and will heal the economic condition of Pakistan. It will also give China the shortest proximity to the rest of the world. It's a project which will benefit both of the countries as well as Europe and the Gulf. Descriptive analysis is used in this research study to investigate the effects of CPEC on Pakistan and China's economy. Diverse literature was found on this topic and is cited in the literature part of this research study. This study shows that Pakistan and China both of the countries will be better off and will achieve good economic results. Pakistan will get the maximum benefit from CPEC because its infrastructure and energy structure is less developed. And by the injection of this massive CPEC project, the Pakistani economy will boost up, and the mutual trade between China and Pakistan will be enhanced. GDP growth and welfare position of Pakistan will take more benefit from CPEC than China. Chinese export of non-agricultural products will increase more than the Chinese export of agricultural products. While in the case of Pakistani exports, the situation is the opposite one. Agricultural exports will be increased more than the increase in non-agricultural exports of Pakistan.

Perception Based Definition of Construction Quality in Pakistan

Awan, Muhammad Yousaf Sadiq,Awan, Dr Muhammad Maqbool Sadiq Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2015 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.5 No.2

The complexity arises in defining the construction quality due to its perception, based on inherent market conditions and their requirements, the diversified stakeholders itself and their desired output. A quantitative survey based approach was adopted in this constructive study. A questionnaire based survey was conducted, for the assessment of construction quality perception and expectations in the context of quality improvement technique. The survey feedback of professionals, from the leading construction organizations/companies of Pakistan were analyzed. The financial capacity, organizational structure, and construction experience of the construction firms formed basis for their selection. After statistical analysis of survey feedback it was found reliable and valid for the inferential purpose to the target population of construction professionals. The quality perception was found to be project scope oriented, considered as an excess cost for a construction project and keeping the rework minimum by qualifying the required quality tests, keeping the defects minimum by ensuring the specifications of supplied material. Any quality improvement technique was expected to address the financial aspects of the construction project for the employer and contractor, by increasing the profitability through reduction in overall cost, reduction in time, reduction in defects and improving the productivity in a construction project. The study is beneficial for the construction professionals to assess the prevailing construction quality perception and the expectations from implementation of any quality improvement technique in construction projects.

Adiabatic Nanofocusing Scattering-Type Optical Nanoscopy of Individual Gold Nanoparticles

Sadiq, Diyar,Shirdel, Javid,Lee, Jae Sung,Selishcheva, Elena,Park, Namkyoo,Lienau, Christoph American Chemical Society 2011 NANO LETTERS Vol.11 No.4

<P>We explore imaging of local electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of metallic nanoparticles using a grating-coupled scattering-type near-field scanning optical microscope. In this microscope, propagating surface plasmon polariton wavepackets are launched onto smooth gold tapers where they are adiabatically focused toward the nanometer-sized taper apex. We report two-dimensional raster-scanned optical images showing pronounced near-field contrast and demonstrating sub-30 nm resolution imaging of localized surface plasmon polariton fields of spherical and elliptical nanoparticles. By comparison to three-dimensional finite-difference time domain simulations, we conclude that virtually background-free near-field imaging is achieved. The microscope combines deep subwavelength resolution, high local field intensities and a straightforward imaging contrast, making it interesting for a variety of applications in linear and nonlinear nanospectroscopy.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2011/nalefd.2011.11.issue-4/nl1045457/production/images/medium/nl-2010-045457_0006.gif'></P>

Generated forces and heat during the critical stages of friction stir welding and processing

Sadiq Aziz Hussein,Abd Salam Md Tahir,R. Izamshah 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.10

The solid-state behavior of friction stir welding process results in violent mechanical forces that should be mitigated, if not eliminated. Plunging and dwell time are the two critical stages of this welding process in terms of the generated forces and the related heat. In thisstudy, several combinations of pre-decided penetration speeds, rotational speeds, tool designs, and dwell time periods were used to investigatethese two critical stages. Moreover, a coupled-field thermal-structural finite element model was developed to validate the experimentalresults and the induced stresses. The experimental results revealed the relatively large changes in force and temperature during thefirst two stages compared with those during the translational tool movement stage. An important procedure to mitigate the undesiredforces was then suggested. The model prediction of temperature values and their distribution were in good agreement with the experimentalprediction. Therefore, the thermal history of this non-uniform heat distribution was used to estimate the induced thermal stresses. Despite the 37% increase in these stresses when 40 s dwell time was used instead of 5 s, these stresses showed no effect on the axial forcevalues because of the soft material incidence and stir effects.

Physical and CFD Simulated Models to Analyze the Contaminant Transport through Porous Media under Hydraulic Structures

Sadiq S. Muhsun,May Samir Saleh,Ali R. Qassim 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.24 No.12

In this paper the efforts were made in the laboratory to construct a physical model and a simulated model with the help of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques to provide the solutions of contaminant transport within the saturated porous media under a hydraulic structure. Brinkman equations with Forchheimer correction and species flow through porous media were considered together to describe the problem. Three categories factors were considered to be analyzed in this study. The first one is the hydraulic factors represented in the upstream water head (H). While, the second factor is the geometry of the hydraulic structures represented in the length of the base and the length of the sheet pile. The physical properties and chemical properties were the third investigated factors, in which the physical properties of the porous media include porosity and intrinsic permeability, while the chemical properties represented by the rate of generation and retardation caused by the adsorption. The physical properties have a slight effect on the concentrations because of the low flow velocity through the porous media. On the other hand, a considerable decrement on the concentrations were noticed when the rate of generation and retardation caused by adsorption was increased. Also, it was observed that the diffusion coefficient has no dramatic effect on the concentrations and contaminant moving. The results of the CFD simulated model and that of the physical model were verified with two cases for pressure head and one case for the contaminates transport. For the first case of pressure head, the maximum percentage error at five selected points was about 15% at worst point with average error of 10%. While, for the case two, the maximum percentage error is about 9% at worst one with an average error of 8%. For the simulation of the contaminates transport, reliable statistical indexes error indicted that the CFD simulated model gives a good agreement with all experimental results.

Environmental footprint impacts of nuclear energy consumption: The role of environmental technology and globalization in ten largest ecological footprint countries

Sadiq Muhammad,Wen Fenghua,Dagestani Abd Alwahed 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.10

This study investigates the environmental footprint impacts of nuclear energy consumption in the presence of environmental technology and globalization of the ten largest ecological footprint countries from 1990 up to 2017. By considering a set of methods that can help solve the issue of cross-sectional dependence, we employ the Lagrange multiplier bootstrap cointegration method, Driscoll-Kraay standard errors for long-run estimation and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) for robustness. The finding revealed significant negative effects of nuclear energy consumption, environmental-related technology, population density and significant positive effects of globalization and economic growth on ecological footprint. These results are also robust by assessing the long-run impacts of predictors on carbon footprint and CO2 emissions as alternate ecological measures. These conclusions provide the profound significance of nuclear energy consumption for environmentally sustainable development in the top ten ecological footprint countries and serve as an important reference for ecological security for other countries globally.

Linking nuclear energy, human development and carbon emission in BRICS region: Do external debt and financial globalization protect the environment?

Sadiq Muhammad,Shinwari Riazullah,Usman Muhammad,Ozturk Ilhan,Maghyereh Aktham Issa 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.9

Nuclear energy has the potential to play an influential role in energy transition efforts than is now anticipated by many countries. Realizing sustainable human development and reducing global climate crises will become more difficult without significantly increasing nuclear power. This paper aims to probe the role of nuclear energy, external debt, and financial globalization in sustaining human development and environmental conditions simultaneously in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries. This study applied a battery of second-generation estimation approaches over the period from 1990 to 2019. These methods are useful and robust to cross-countries dependencies, slope heterogeneity, parameters endogeneity, and serial correlation that are ignored in conventional approaches to generate more comprehensive and reliable estimates. The empirical findings indicate that nuclear energy and financial globalization contribute to human development, whereas external debt inhibits it. Similarly, financial globalization accelerates ecological deterioration, but nuclear energy and external debt promote environmental sustainability. Moreover, the study reveals bidirectional feedback causalities between human development, carbon emissions and nuclear energy consumption. The study offers useful policy guidance on accomplishing sustainable and inclusive development in BRICS countries.

Chitosan–aloe vera gel coating delays postharvest decay of mango fruit

Sadiq Shah,Majid S. Hashmi 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.2

In this study, the impact of chitosan in combination with aloe vera gel was investigated on the storage life of mango fruits. Mango samples were coated with 1% chitosan (CTS) and 1% chitosan + aloe vera gel (CTS + AVG), before storing at12 ± 1 °C for 28 days and shifting to 25 ± 1 °C for 5 days. Results demonstrated that both coatings signifi cantly ( p ≤ 0.05)infl uenced the storage life of mango fruits, but CTS + AVG minimized the incidence of decay, and reduced weight loss, respirationrate, and ethylene production to a greater extent than CTS and control samples. In addition, fruit quality parameterssuch as titratable acidity, total soluble solids, fruit fi rmness, ascorbic acid, and peel color were also retained by the combinedtreatment. Furthermore, sustained phenolic content and antioxidant activity confi rmed the eff ectiveness of this treatment. It was concluded that chitosan coating in combination with aloe vera gel suppressed diseases and maintained the naturalproperties of mango fruit during postharvest storage. Therefore, chitosan–aloe vera combination can be used to extend thestorage life of mango fruit, however, more in-depth studies are required for successful commercialization of this organic,edible coating in the mango fruit industry.

Introducing Discourse Analysis: From Grammar to Society, by James Paul Gee, London, Routledge, 2018, 170 pp., $165 (Hardcover), ISBN 978-1-318-29838-5

Sadiq Abdulwahed Ahmed Ismail,Xu Liu 아시아영어교육학회 2020 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.17 No.1

Beam Characterization at the KAERI UED Beamline

Sadiq Setiniyaz,Hyun Woo Kim,In-Hyung Baek,Jinhee Nam,MoonSik Chae,Byung-Heon Han,Boris Gudkov,Kyu Ha Jang,Sunjeong Park,Sergey Miginsky,Nikolay Vinokurov,Young Uk Jeong 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.6

The UED (ultrafast electron diffraction) beamline of the KAERI’s (the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s) WCI (World Class Institute) Center has been successfully commissioned. We have measured the beam emittance by using the quadrupole scan technique and the charge by using a novel measurement system we have developed. In the quadrupole scan, a larger drift distance between the quadrupole and the screen is preferred because it gives a better thin-lens approximation. A high bunch-charge beam, however, will undergo emittance growth in the long drift caused by the space-charge force. We present a method that mitigates this growth by introducing a quadrupole scan with a short drift and without using the thin-lens approximation. The quadrupole in this method is treated as a thick lens, and the emittance is extracted by using the thick-lens equations. Apart from being precise, our method can be readily applied without making any change to the beamline and has no need for a big drift space. For charge measurement, we have developed a system consisting of an in-air Faraday cup (FC) and a preamplifier. Tests performed utilizing 3.3- MeV electrons show that the system was able to measure bunches with pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds at 10 fC sensitivity.