1930年代 文學社會學的 背景硏究

申相星 龍仁大學校 1987 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The 1930's in the history of Korean modern literature have been recognized as a particular period with various problems and issues. The 1930's, under the Japanese ruling had also been characterized as a time of tidal changes both politically and socially. To get closer to the literature of that time, it would be helpful to understand how a particular group of writers with intellect could survive One of the reasons of this is that most of the writers and their works that explain the actual social environment of the Age of Subordination had sprouted during the 1930's. Some of the writers of this period who are concerned most frequently by many experts of history of literature and critics, are Yhum Sang- Shup, Chae Man- Shik, and Kim Nam-chun. It is interesting to know that their masterpieces, like "Sam Dae' which means three generations," Tae pyung Chun Ha' which means peaceful arid prosperous society, and "Dae Ha" which means great stream all had published in the 1930's, The primary incentives that greatly influenced doing these great works came mostly from the unique social demand of that time. First, the social background of that period should be accounted. The 1930's had produced many big social changes, including the problem of subordination in Korea, on all parts of the world, The several examples of these are the success of the communist revolution in Russia at the end of World War II, the establishment of German Nazi government in 1933, and the birth of Fascism followed in Italy. Around this time, Fascist's dictatorship prevailed all over the European countries ; Mao Tse-Tung had formed the Chinese- Soviet Democratic Government in 1931, and the Japanese military fascists had provoked the Man Choorean Invasion during the same year. This inhumane fascism, which pervaded in most parts of the world including Asia, had directly influenced Japan to make Korea her battle- ground and totally destructed her. Most of the writers with intellect who had to protect their country, and people had shown two kinds of extremes, One of them was holding their hands with Japanese power, and the other was against her dictatorship and gladly taking a risk of imprisonment, and their morality towards society was judged according to their choice. Not many writers could survive form the unusual pressures by Japan, and one of them was Yhum Sang- Shup, Other writers in this category include Chae Man-Shik, and Kim Nam-Chun. Some of the big social issues of this period were: 1. The Japanese Headquarters in Korean Penninsular organized special senior task forces in the military police troops, and senior task frocks in civil service police unit. 2. Most portions of Korean daily language had forcibly been replaced by Japanese. 3. Functions of Cho Shun Bank and the Dong Yang Development Inc, were strengthened. 4. Some of the journals such as " Dong Ah" and "Cho Shun" were stopped to be pulished. Second the historical background from which literature had brew developed is another point to be reviewed. Japan had put more pressure to make Korean culture and literature powerless because national spirit and desire for innovation could be added by these two domains. The transitions in literature of this period can be described in two mainstreams, One was growing of escapism from the resistance movement by Korean literature such as the popular novels by Lee Kwang-Soo, the artistic novels by Kim Dong-Ihn and the historical novels by Hong Myung-Hyee, and the other trend was facing the real situation with pure Korean literary spirits, like Yhum Sang-Shup, Chae Man-Shik, and Kim Nam-Chun, are also recognized as this type of writers at least until the end of 1930's. Some of the delicate situations existing in literature of these years were: 1. The periodicals such as "Shin Dong Ah", "Cho Kwang", and many others were not only published frequently but also prohibited to be prined. 2. A study of national heritage through Korean language, Kook Woh, and Korean history Kook Sha continued under the Japanese dictatorship, arid some examples of this trend are the publications of "Korean Language for Secondary Schools", and " Ancient History of Korea." 3. While a movement to trace the origines of nationals tradition were actively under way, like Cho Shun Song Study Studio, Korean Folk Society, many cultural and writing groups including some literary groups favoring Japan such as Cho Shun Writers Association were repeatedly organized and vanished. 4. people's resistan movement was heightened by many socio-religious groups such as Kwang Joo Students Riot, the secret Nazi party, and Chun Dho Doctrine Spiritual League. 5. Along with the disorganizatin of the ideological conflicts between the writers group had steadily been growing. Particularly, the disorganization of "Shin Ghan Hwe" was one of the evidences explaining the painful experience of the country. It is interesting that a philosophical standings of the writers in this era, such as Yhum Sang-Shup, Chae Man-Shik, and Kim, Nam-Chun, had some similarities in their personal history and motives. Their personal view on the unique situation that they had to confront can be outlined as follows. 1. As far as their chronological age that time was concerned, Hweng Bho was in his early 30's, Baek Rueng was in mid 20's, and Nam Chum was in late teen's. It means that the age differences between Hweng Bho and Nam Chun had reached almost double figures, and that fact is very important because the personal age level of a writer could srongly inluence his works in some respects. 2. Many works also show the different provinical characteristics, because of the different birth place of each writer , as Seoul, Chun Bhuk Province, and Phyung Bhuk Province, By this reason, if we scrutinize their works, a gerneral understanding about the entire Korean penninsular could be drawn 3. Other facts in common to them are; that they had studied in Japan and withdrawn around the first yeas of their study, their major occupation were journalism such as periodical publications, and have had financial difficulties, Another thing is except Hweng Bho, the other two had remarried. Summing up, a literary and sociological approach and interpretation which was attempted through this paper to trace the major backgrounds of literature in the 1930's which fits to one-10 year interval, to find out how the three writers had survived through the hard times, and to excerpt their previous living experiences and analyze their major works in the same period, could be vital in understanding their literary works more closely.

傷寒論에 대한 精神醫學的 硏究

文相泰,辛容玹,具炳壽 대한한방신경정신과학회 2000 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was aimed to get the course which is caused by Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Sang-Han. Therefore this study is based on 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門.傷寒』) classfied mainly by symptoms. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』) are explained as Pal-Gang(八綱), which shows those are settled down to a systematic oriental medical theory. 2. Pal-Bup (八法) used in the cure of symptomatische psychose in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』), which is intended to boost the effect of cure, choosing the respondent cure method about various causes. 3. Pal-Gang(八綱) and Pal-Bup(八法) in『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門·傷寒』) are improved by Lee-Chun(李 ) who added Jang-gi(張機)'s Sang Han theory and new medical thought in the ages of Geum. Won. 4. Lee-Chun(李 ) believed that Neuropsychiatric symptoms which appeared in Sang Hang is caused by the "Unbalance(不平)". So he wanted to reach harmony of "Jeong(精), QI(氣), Shin(神), Hyul(血)" after improving the status of "Unbalance(『不平』)" toward the status of "Balance(平)".

이상화 문학에 나타난 시적 상상력의 근원 연구

유신지 ( Yu Shin-ji ),여상임 ( Yeo Sang-im ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2017 어문론총 Vol.74 No.-

이상화문학에 대한 논의는 이상화 당대는 물론, 1960년대부터 지금까지 상당히 구체적으로 진행되었다. 주로 상징주의나 낭만주의와 같은 문예사조적인 경향이나 저항시인이라는 민족주의적인 관점에서 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 그러나 이러한 관점에서는 이상화 문학 전반에서 드러나는 동양적이고 전통적인 사유를 다 해명하는 데는 한계가 있었다. 이상화문학과 그의 사상의 근저에는 동학이나 천도교적인 사상의 근간을 이루는 내재적 초월의 사유가 자리하고 있다. 내재적 초월의 사유는 이상화 문학의 곳곳에서 다양한 모습으로 드러나고 있다. 본고에서는 이상화의 시적 상상력의 근원이 이러한 내재적 초월의 사유로 파악될 수 있다고 보고, 전통시학의 관점, 특히 기층철학을 토대로 이상화의 문학 텍스트를 분석해보고자 했다. 특히 이상화의 전기적 사실들을 살펴보면, 그의 사상과 사유가 형성되는 중요한 시기인 십대와 이십대 전반에 걸쳐서 천도교적인 색채가 짙은 인물들과 깊은 교류를 맺었고 그와 관련된 활동들을 했다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 그가 제시하는 문학론이나 시작품들에서도 그러한 사유들이 드러나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이상화의 문학평론이나 시에서는 우리 고유의 민속 신앙인 샤머니즘과 이를 계승한 동학사상의 색채가 드러난다. 그의 시작품들에서도 특징적인 것이 ‘하늘’,‘신령’, ‘검’, ‘동굴’ 등과 같은 시어들이 빈번히 쓰이고 있는데, 이러한 시어들은 이상화 텍스트 전반에서 관찰되는 ‘내재적 초월’의 사유들을 드러내는 것으로 쓰이고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 양상은 기존의 논의에서 채 규명되지 못한 부분들로, 동양적이고 전통적인 사유의 지평 안에서만 비로소 설명이 되는 부분이기도 하다. 이러한 논의는 이상화가 1920년대 시단의 다양한 흐름 속에서도 그 시류에 휩쓸리지 않고, 우리의 자생적인 사상이라 할 수 있는 전통철학의 토대 위에 그 나름의 시세계를 구축하였음을 확인할 수 있게 해주며, 나아가 이상화 문학을 바라보는 새로운 해석의 지평을 넓혀볼 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Untill now, the study on Lee Sang-hwa’s literature has been done very widely. Most rearchess have been done in the point of view of symbolism, romanticism, or nationalism. But, through these views, we couldn't find the basic thoughts of his Literature. There are immanent transcendence in the origin of his Literature and his own ideas. Therefor, at this thesis, we found that the origin of poetic imagination in Lee Sang-hwa’s literature is based on the oriental and traditional thoughts. Especially, when we searched Lee Sang-hwa’s biography, we found that he was related to the people who had Chondo-kyo belief. Such thoughts appeared his literary theory or in his prototypes. His literary criticism and poetry reveal the color of Korean folk faith, Shamanism and Donghak's succession. In his poetry text, the words such as 'heaven', 'spirit', 'sword' and 'cave' are frequently used. And these words are used to reveal the aspects of 'Immanent transcendence' observed wholy. This aspect can not be clarified in the existing discourse and is only explained within the horizon of the traditional thoughts. This study enables us to confirm that Lee-Sanghwa has built his own poetry system on the basis of traditional philosophy which is not influenced by the currents in the various ideal flows of the 1920s. In addition, it has a significance in that it can broaden the horizon of the new interpretation in reading the Lee-Sanghwa’s literature.

실용음악 전공 학생들의 발성치료 전후 성대 및 음성 특성 비교

황연신,심미란,김철준,최용석,김상연,최찬호,선동일,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Kim, Chul Jun,Choi, Yong Suk,Kim, Sang Yeon,Choi, Chan Ho,Sun, Dong Il 대한후두음성언어의학회 2016 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

아카시아 꽃의 지질성분에 관한 연구

신승렬,손영아,원충연 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1993 식품과학지 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구는 아카시아 꽃의 영양성분의 대한 지질성분을 조사하였다. 아카시아 꽃의 총지질의 함량은 1.03g/100g-fr.wt.이고 유리지질과 결합지질의 함량은 각각 0.96, 0.07g/100g-fr.wt.이였다. 총지질의 조성은 중성지질이 0.53g/100g-fr.wt.이고, 당지질과 인지질이 각각 0.22, 0.28g/100g-fr.wt.이였다. 중성지질의 구성 지질은 triglyceride, free fatty acid, sterol ester순으로 함량이 많았다. 그리고 각 지질의 지방산 조성은 총지질과 중성지질의 구성지방산 조성은 palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid의 함량이 높고 중성지질의 경우에는 linolenic acid는 중성 지질에 많았다. 당지질과 인지질은 palmitic acid를 극히 많이 함유하고 있다. This study was carried out to investigate the components of lipid in acacia flower. Content of total lipid in acacia flower was 1.03g/100g-f.w. and contents of free lipid and bound lipid were 0.96 and 0.6g/100g fresh weight, respectively. Contents of neutral, glycolipid, and phospholipid were 0.53, 0.22 and 0.28g/100g-f.w., respectively. In component of neutral lipid, contents of triglyceride, free fatty acid, and sterol ester were higher than other lipids. There were lots of palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid in total and neutral lipid, and there was much linolenic acid in neutral lipid. Content of palmitic acid was very high in glycolipid and phospholipid.

특발성 경련질환으로 오인된 원발성 부갑상선기능저하증 1례

신성하,최정영,김준기,고영춘,조상욱,김순호,임중규 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.1

문자 교육에 대한 유치원과 초등학교 교사의 인식 조사

신동로,고재희,홍성근 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1997 敎育論叢 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of the study was to investigate the perceptions of teachers in preschools and primary schools, in order to research the sequence of literacy curriculum. The results of study were as follows : ⑴ there was a lot of gap of teachers' perceptions between private and public preschools, as well as primary schools. ⑵ most of primary teachers recognized young children's literacy lower than preschool teachers, and ⑶ most of primary teachers, as well as preschool teachers, wanted to adapt formal instruction of literacy in preschools, although they responsed the negative effect of that method. The conclusions of study were as follows : ⑴ literacy curriculum in preschool is reviewed to prescripe the level explicitly, ⑵ preschool education is taken the resposibility on Nation Insitute, in order to reduce the gap of level between private and public preschools, and ⑶ in order to reduce the gap of the perception of teachers between preschool's and primary school's curriculum, it is reformed that the teacher's qualification of the first grade in primary school intergrates that of preschool and inservice education need to be taken together.

자가미백술 단독사용시 임상적 효능 및 유지력 평가

신병규,양성은 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.5

연구목적; 본 연구는 15% 과산화 요소 (carbamide peroxide)를 포함한 Opalescence F를 이용한 자가 미백숨 (home bleaching) 을 4주간에 걸쳐 시행한 후 12주까지 임상적 미백효과와 구강 환경에서 임상적 미백 효과의 유지 정도를 비색 측정기 (Colorimeter) 와 비타 색 기준 (Vita shade guide)을 이용하여 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 28명의 336개의 전치를 대상으로 실험군은 하루 2시간씩 4주간 자가 미백술을 시행하고 대조군은 미백을 시행하지 않았다. 미백 전, 미백 직후(4주후), 8주, 12주에 색을 측정하여 변화를 기록하였다. 결과: 4주의 미백술 시행 후 치아의 색 변화량 (△E)은 실험군에서 비색 측정기는 7.04 ± 2.85. 비타 색 기준은 7.58 ± 2.28로 모두 뚜렷한 변화를 나타냈으며 (p <0.05).8주와 12주후의 색 변화량 (△E*)은 미백과는 상반되는 방향으로 비색 측정기의 경우에는 8주에 2.71 ± 1.84. 12주에 2.19 ± 2.59로 나타났으며 비타 색 기준의 경우는 8주에 0.41 ± 1.21. 12주에 1.05 ± 1. 3 6으로 나타나, 비록 미백전과의 유의할 만한 차이를 보였지만 (p <0.05) 미백직후와 비교 시 서서히 색이 복원 (shade recover)되 는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 색의 복원은 미백치료 종료 후 초기에 상대적으로 많은 변화를 보인 후 시간이 지남에 따라 변화가 줄어들며 안정되는 양상을 보였고 CIE Lab* 값은 미백 시행 기간동안 밝기 (L*값) 는 증가하였고 적-녹 축 (red-green축 . a*값) 은 감소하여 녹색계통으로 변화되며, 황-청 축 (yellow-blue축. b*값) 도 감소하여 청색계통으로 변화하였고 미백 시행을 종료한 후에는 미백 시행 이전방향으로 색 복원이 발생하였다. 비색 측정기는 비타 색 기준에 비해 보다안정적인 결과를보였으며 육안에 의존하는비타색 기준은큰변화는더 크게, 작은변화는더 작은색 변화량을 보였다. 결론: 자가 미백술 단독 사용시 색복원은 관찰되지만 12주후에 도 미백전과 비교시 통계학 상으로 유의성있게 그 효과가 유지되므로 (p <0.05) 임상적 효능이나 유지력은 인정되며 이를 통해 자가미백술 단독 사용으로도 그 의미는 있다고 생각된다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the whitening efficacy and longevity of home bleaching. Materials andMethods: A total of 28 patients were divided into either experimental group (Opalescence F: 15% carbamide peroxide) or control group randomly. The patients in experimental group were instructed to wear individual trays applied with bleaching gel for 2 hours a day for 4 weeks. Any treatments weren't applied to the patients in control group. The color measurements of central incisors, lateral incisors & canines of upper and lower arch were recorded at base line, immediately after the finishment of treatmemt (4 weeks), 8 weeks and 12 weeks using Colorimeter (Chroma Meter, 2600d Konica Minolta co.) and Vitapan classical shade guide (Vita Zahnfabrik). Results: A significantly stronger color change was observed for overall teeth samples in experimental group immediately after treatment (at 4 weeks) compared to ones in control group (p <0.05). There was also a significant difference between baseline and 8 weeks or 12 weeks separately though color rebouncing phenomenon occurred as time went by (p <0.05). Conclusions: The clinical effecacyand longevity of home bleaching without combined application of in-office bleaching was observed through this experiment.

서울시 도시산림의 식생구조 및 변동에 관한 연구

신수철,윤상욱,이민순 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6

The total number of woody plants species appeared in the investgated area were 31 families 45 genus 79 species including 8 varieties and 1 fomular. Importance values(Ⅳ) of the tree species of forest area in Seoul, Quercus mongolica showed the highest Ⅳ and Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus sargetii, Pinus densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Sorbus alniflora were dominant species at conopy layer. Importance values of major tree species in relation to topographic feature, Quercus mongolica was higher in northern aspect than in southern aspect and at valley topography was higher than at ridge topography while Robinia pseudoacacia showed higher in southern aspect than in northern aspect and at ridge topography was higher than at valley topography, and Pinus densiflora showed high Ⅳ at ridge topography of southern aspect. As the result of COA Ordination analysis for fifty three plots belong to twenty five survey site of forest area in Seoul were divided into four vegetation communities which were Quercus mongolica-Prunus sargetii community, Quercus mongolica community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Quercus variabilis community. Shanon’s species diversity indicies range of each community was 1.3822∼1.1189, and Quercus monglica community showed the highest species diversity and Quercus monglica - Prunus sargetii community showd the lowest.

말초염증에 의한 등족뿌리신경절의 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 합성의 변화

김상열,김정기,김효신,이상지,하선옥,홍해숙,김동선 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3