전제자의 시선과 자리의 박탈 - 김동인 단편소설 속 시점과 인물의 관계 -

임명선 ( Lim¸ Myung-sun ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2021 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.69

본 논문은 김동인의 단편소설에서 시점과 인물 형상화 방식의 관계를 분석하고 있다. 김동인 스스로도 소설 창작에서 시점을 중요하게 생각했던 만큼 그는 소설에서 1인칭과 3인칭을 다양하게 시도한다. 인물들이 소설에서 차지하는 자리는 시점과 긴밀하게 얽혀 있으며, 이는 소설가 김동인의 인식 및 욕망을 읽어낼 수 있는 중요한 표지가 된다. 우선 1인칭 시점의 경우 작가를 대변하는 인물들이 자주 등장하며 그들이 관찰자의 위치에 놓인다는 점이 특징적이다. 그런데 서술 주체는 관찰자 ‘나’의 위치에만 만족하지 않고, 액자식 구성의 힘을 빌려 시점의 변화를 꾀한다. 다시 말해 내화 속에 초점 화자를 새롭게 설정함으로써 1인칭 관찰자가 가질 수밖에 없는 제한적인 시점을 해소하는 것이다. 이를 통해 강화되는 것은 소설가로서의 역능이며, 반대로 소설 속 인물들의 생동력은 약화된다. 3인칭 소설에서 호명되는 인물들은 작가의 경험 바깥에 존재하는 이들인데 주로 하층계급과 여성이다. 지주층에 계급적 바탕을 두고 있고 남성 중심적인 김동인의 위치와 한계는 이들을 형상화하는 과정에서 분명하게 드러난다. 그들은 작가가 설계한 운명 속에서 장기 말로 소모되거나 작가의 편협하고 뒤틀린 인식이 투영되어 왜곡된 모습으로 형상화된다. 소설 속에서 하층계급과 여성 인물에게 마땅한 거주의 장소가 주어지지 않는다는 점도 중요하다. 그들과 달리 작가를 대리하는 인물들은 집을 가지지만, 해방 후 작품에서는 이와 같은 위치가 외부 현실로 인해 붕괴되는 위기에 처한다. 이에 김동인은 자신에 대한 성찰과 반성은 결여한 채 당대 현실에 대한 부정과 비판으로 대응하는데, 그 과정에서 자신의 역사적 인식의 한계를 고스란히 드러내고 만다. 요컨대 김동인의 단편소설은 그가 소설가(예술가)로서의 자기 위치를 만들기 위해 반복적·강박적으로 써 내려간 흔적으로 읽을 수 있다. 우리는 그 흔적들에서 하층계급과 여성으로 대변되는 타자들의 자리가 어떻게 박탈되었는지를 보게 될 것이다. 그들이 사라진 자리에 서 있는 소설가 김동인을 비판하는 작업은, 궁극적으로 한국 근대문학의 기원이 어떻게 형성되고 유지되었는지를 다시 묻는 작업이기도 하다. This study analyzes the relationship between point of view and the way of shaping character in Kim Dong-in's short novel. As Kim Dong-in himself considered the point of view as important in his novel creation, his novels use the first-person point of view and the third-person point of view in various ways. The positions the characters occupy in the novel are closely connected with the point of view. This is an important sign to read the perception and desire of novelist Kim Dong-in. First of all, at the first person point of view, the characters representing the writer often appear, and they are in the position of observers. However, the narrator is not satisfied only with the position of the observer 'I', but seeks to change the point of view using the power of a frametale. This reinforces the role of a novelist, while the vitality of the characters in the novel is weakened. The characters summoned from the third-person point of view exist outside the writer's experience, and they are mainly lower classes and women. The position and limitations of Kim Dong-in, who is based on the class of the landlords and is male-centered, are clearly revealed in the process of shaping them. They are easily consumed in the fate designed by the writer. Or the writer's narrow and twisted perception is projected and shaped into a distorted figure. It is also important that the lower classes and female characters are not given proper residence in the novel. Unlike them, the characters who represent the writer have a residence, but in works after the liberation of Korea, such a position is in danger of collapse due to external reality. Kim Dong-in responds with denial and criticism of the reality of the time, lacking reflection on himself, revealing the limitations of his historical perception in the process. In short, Kim Dong-in's short novels can be read as traces of his repetitive and obsessive writings in order to establish his position as a novelist(artist). We will see how others have been deprived of their place in those traces. Criticizing novelist Kim Dong-in, who is standing in the place where they disappeared, ultimately asks again how the origin of modern Korean literature was formed and maintained.

REFORMING LAWSAND INSTITUTIONS FOR ERADICATING GENDER DISCRIMINATION

Myungsun Jang 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2000 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2000 No.10

Validation of Korean Version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale

Myungsun Hyun,Kyungah Nam,Heesun Kang 한국간호과학회 2005 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10

A Study of Ad lib Vocal Technique

MyungSun Cho,Seungyon-Seny Lee 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.- No.-

On the Use of Physical Restraints in the United States : A Review of Literature

Myungsun Yi(이명선) 한국성인간호학회 1993 성인간호학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Does Not Affect the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Prostate Cancer Patients: a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Myungsun Shim,방우진,Cheol Young Oh,이용성,Seong Soo Jeon,Hanjong Ahn,Young-Su Ju,Jin Seon Cho 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.4

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in prostate cancer (Pca) patients is associated with cardiovascular disease in the cohort based from the entire Korean population. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance database, we conducted an observational study of 579,377 men who sought treatment for Pca between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016. After excluding patients with previously diagnosed cardiovascular disease or who had undergone chemotherapy, we extracted the data from 2,053 patients who started GnRHa (GnRHa users) and 2,654 men who were newly diagnosed with Pca (GnRHa nonusers) between July 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012, with follow-up through December 31, 2016. The primary outcomes were cerebrovascular attack (CVA) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Results: GnRHa users were older, were more likely to reside in rural areas, had lower socioeconomic status, and had more comorbidities than nonusers (all P < 0.050). Although GnRHa users had an increased incidence of CVA and IHD (P = 0.013 and 0.048, respectively) in univariate analysis, GnRHa use was not associated with the outcomes in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the cumulative duration of ADT was not associated with the outcomes whereas the associations between age at diagnosis with all diseases were significant. Conclusion: Our complete enumeration of the Korean Pca population shows that ADT is not associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease.

야간 교통안전사고 예방을 위한 농작업조끼의 기능적 필요요소에 관한 연구

Myungsun Ko,Hyeseon Chae,Hyocheol Kim,Insoo Kim,Mintae Seo 대한인간공학회 2017 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

Optimization of primer sets and detection protocols for SARS-CoV-2 of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using PCR and real-time PCR

Myungsun Park,Joungha Won,최병윤,이창준 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-

SARS-CoV-2 is very contagious and has rapidly spread globally. Due to various symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and the possibility of asymptomatic transmission, there is a pressing need for a fast and sensitive detection protocol to diagnose asymptomatic people. Various SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic kits are already available from many companies and national health agencies. However, publicly available information on these diagnostic kits is lacking. In response to the growing need and the lack of information, we developed and made available a low-cost, easy-access, real-time PCRbased protocol for the early detection of the virus in a previous study. During the development of the detection protocol, we found that unoptimized primer sets could inadvertently show false-positive results, raising the possibility that commercially available diagnostic kits might also contain primer sets that produce false-positive results. Here, we provide three-step guidelines for the design and optimization of specific primer sets. The three steps include (1) the selection of primer sets for target genes (RdRP, N, E, and S) in the genome of interest (SARS-CoV-2), (2) the in silico validation of primer and amplicon sequences, and (3) the optimization of PCR conditions (i.e., primer concentrations and annealing temperatures) for specific hybridization between the primers and target genes, and the elimination of spurious primer dimers. Furthermore, we have expanded the previously developed real-time PCR-based protocol to more conventional PCR-based protocols and applied a multiplex PCR-based protocol that allows the simultaneous testing of primer sets for RdRP, N, E, and S all in one reaction. Our newly optimized protocol should be helpful for the large-scale, high-fidelity screening of asymptomatic people, even without any high-specification equipment, for the further prevention of transmission, and to achieve early intervention and treatment for the rapidly propagating virus.

Experience of Gastric Cancer Survivors and their Spouses in Korea: Secondary Analysis

Myungsun Yi,David Kahn 한국간호과학회 2004 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.34 No.4

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Concentration in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Radical Prostatectomy

Myungsun Shim,Cheryn Song,Jintaek Park,Minkyu Kang,Moo-Song Lee,Jongwon Kim,Hanjong Ahn 대한비뇨기종양학회 2014 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: We aimed to identify the relationship between the serum testosterone (TS) axis and the clinically localized prostate cancer and to evaluate the changes in hormone concentrations after radical prostatectomy (RP). Materials and Methods: Blood samples were drawn from 699 patients with prostate cancer before and after RP, without hormone or radiation therapy, and from 700 age-matched healthy men between 7:00 and 9:00 A.M., and their serum concentrations of total TS and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. Results: Patients with prostate cancer had lower mean SHBG (55.8±22.0 vs. 61.4±24.2 nmol/L) and higher mean free TS (FT) (7.1±2.5 vs. 6.3±2.6 ng/dl), bioavailable TS (BAT) (158.2±55.2 vs. 138.1±56.5 ng/dl), and free TS index (FTI) (31.3±12.0 vs. 27.1±11.6) than healthy controls (all, p<0.001), while total TS did not differ. Following RP, patients with prostate cancer showed significant increases in SHBG (65.6±26.3 vs. 56.3±21.6 nmol/L) and subsequent decreases in FT (6.4±4.4 vs. 7.2±2.5 ng/dl), BAT (138.2±50.3 vs. 158.7±55.3 ng/dl), and FTI (26.5±11.1 vs. 31.2±11.7) (all, p<0.001), whereas total TS remained unchanged. Preoperative SHBG concentration was significantly lower in patients with pathologic Gleason score (GS) <7 than in those with GS ≥7 (p<0.001). SHBG was an independent predictor of pathologic GS <7 (p=0.003), along with preoperative prostatic specific antigen (PSA) concentration and biopsy GS. Conclusions: Prostate cancer influences the sex hormonal axis, modulating SHBG concentration and increasing the utilization of bioactive TS.