The Ongoing Monophthongization of 'ii' in Seoul Korean: A Sociophonological Account

Hyeon-Seok Kang 한국음운론학회 1999 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.5 No.1

Kang, Hyeon-Seok. 1999. The Ongoing Monophthongization of 'ii' in Seoul Korean: A Sociophonological Account. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 5, 25-58. This paper examines the current status of 'ii', the only remaining one among the six Middle Korean falling diphthongs. Supporting the suggestions by Kim-Renaud (986) and Y.C. Chung (1991), this article shows that this diphthong is also monophthongizing following the paths of the other falling diphthongs. It is also shown through quantitative evidence that the monophthongization of this diphthong involves not one diachronic change but three different changes. It is suggested that the monophthongization of 'ii' was mainly triggered by the structural pressure to eliminate the only remaining falling diphthong in contemporary Korean. This structural explanation is phonologically formalized within the Optimality Theory expanded by the notion of 'variable ranking' (Reynolds ]994). The phonological account also shows why the changes are under way as they are. (Kaya University)

PVD 적용지반에서 단계성토시 침하량 예측

강성현(Seong-Hyeon Kang),김태형(Tae-Hyung Kim) 한국지반신소재학회 2014 한국토목섬유학회 학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.11

Settlement prediction has been conducted using Hyperbolic, Hoshino, and Monden methods, etc in the fields. These methods are only able to predict settlement after finishing the final filling stage. A new method is proposed to make up for such a weak point. This method was named as Kang"s method, which can be able to predict the settlement both the final filling stage and the staged filling from the initial filling stage in soft ground. To verify the applicability of this method, the measured settlement curve history was compared with the predicted one. The predicted settlement is well matched with the measured one. From the study, the Kang"s method can be possible to predict settlement during the staged filling with only the initial settlement data.

리더-구성원의 성별조합에 따른 LMX의 효과성 연구

강정애,김현아 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2005 아시아여성연구 Vol.44 No.2

본 연구는 리더의 성별에 대한 리더십 연구의 한계점을 인식하고 리더·구성원의 성별조합에 따른 리더십 효과성에 대해 연구하였다. 특히 리더·구성원의 신뢰를 바탕으로 한 수평적 상호관계와 구성원의 중요성을 인식한 LUX(Leader Member Exchange)이론을 기본으로 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 성별조합 중 남성 리더와 남성 구성원에서 LMX 효과성이 가장 높게 나타났으나 LMX 효과성의 하위요소 중 정서적 유대감, 공헌에서는 남성 리더와 여성 구성원이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 즉, 리더의 성별이 남성이라도 구성원의 성별에 따라 결과가 다르게 나타났다. 둘째, 리더·구성원의 성별조합에 따른 LMX 효과성의 차이에서는 조절변수인 조직풍토의 하위요소 중 자율성을 제외한 직위구조, 지원, 보상에서 여성 리더와의 조합일 때 높은 효과성을 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 LMX 효과성은 리더의 성별이 남성이나, 여성이냐의 차원이 아닌 구성원을 고려한 리더와 구성원의 성별조합의 차원에서 달리 나타난다는 발전적인 시사점을 주고 있다. This study was based on the recognition of the problems involved in the effectiveness research on the leadership classified according to their genders. In particular, the study employed Leader Member Exchange (LMX) theory. The research findings of the current study are as follows: First, the maximum LMX effectiveness was found between the male leader and the male subordinate. In the parts of psychological relationship and contribution among the four categories of the LMX effectiveness, the pair of the male leader and the female subordinate showed the lowest level of LMX effectiveness. Second, out of the four control variables present in the current study, three variables such as position structure, support system, compensation system were observed to be manifested in a higher level of effectiveness when the leader is female. Such research findings suggest that it is the combination of gender relationship between the leader and his or her subordinate that affects the level of effectiveness, rather than the gender itself of the leader.

社會主義 커뮤니케이션 從屬論

康賢斗 서울대학교 사회과학연구소 1988 社會科學과政策硏究 Vol.10 No.2

학생들이 사용한 엔진 구동형 Ni-Ti file systems의 근관 성형 효율 비교

강문성,김현철,허복,박정길 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 학생들이 사용한 세 가지 Ni-Ti 파일의 성형효율을 비교하고, 각 파일의 사용 경험 유무에 따른 차이를 비교하여 치과대학생을 위한 교육에 적합한 종류를 선택하는데 도움을 얻고자하는 것이다. Ni-Ti 파일 사용 경험이 없는 학생 50명과 Ni-Ti 파일을 사용한 근관치료 경력이 2년 이상인 경험자 10명이 세 종류의 Ni-Ti file - ProFile^(®) (PF), HeroShaper^(®) (HS), K3™ (K3) -을 사용하여 180개의 근관 모형을 성형하였다. 근관성형 시간 및 기구 변형, 근관 이형성을 조사하고 성형 전후 상을 중첩하여 근관 삭제폭, 근관변위량과 중심변위율을 1, 3, 5 ㎜에서 분석하였다. 1. 근관 성형시간은 HS군이 가장 빨랐으며, 총 삭제량은 모든 지점에서 K3군이 다른 군보다 컸다 (P<0.05). 2. 세 군 모두 1, 3 ㎜에서 외측 변이를 보였고, 1 ㎜ 지점에서 PF군이 가장 안정적이었다 (P< 0.05). 3. 중심변위율은 1, 3 ㎜에서 HS, PF군이 K3군보다 작았다. 5 ㎜ 지점에서 PF군이 가장 작았고, PF군 3 ㎜에서 학생은 경험자보다 유의하게 작았다 (P < 0.05). The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of three Ni-Ti file systems used by dental students or the experts and consequently to aid in choosing a proper systems for educational courses of dental students and beginners. Fifty students and ten dentists who have clinical experience over two years prepared 180 simulated root canals in resin blocks with three Ni-Ti systems: ProFile^(®) (PF), HeroShaper^(®) (HS), K3™ (K3). After preparation, the Ni-Ti files were evaluated for distortion and canal preparation time was recorded. The images of pre- and post-instrumented canals were scanned and superimposed. Amounts of increased canal widths,deviation, and centering ratio were calculated at apical 1, 3 and 5 ㎜ levels and statistical analysis was performed. The results were as follows: 1. HS showed the shortest preparation time and instrumented canal width in K3 was significantly larger than other groups (P< 0.05). 2. At 1 and 3 ㎜ levels, all groups had outward deviation. In student group, at the 1 ㎜ level, PF had the least deviation (P< 0.05). 3. In the centering ratio, the PF had the best centering ability compared to the others at 5 ㎜ level. At 1 and 3 ㎜ level, HS and PF had better abilities than K3. Student group had better ratio than the expert at 3 ㎜ level with PF (P<0.05). Based on the results, it is surmised that the ProFile^(®) is the safest and most ideal instrument for students and beginners.〔J Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(1):1-10, 2006〕

고등학교 '교육학' 교육과정 내용 구조의 쟁점 분석

강현석,이대일,유제순,이자현,김무정 경북대학교 사범대학부속 중등교육연구소 2006 중등교육연구 Vol.54 No.3

부가적 부식 과정이 단일 접착 과정 레진 시멘트의 접착 강도에 미치는 영향

강순일,박정길,허복,김현철 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.5

이 연구의 목적은 단일 접착 과정의 레진 시멘트인 Maxcem을 제조사의 지시대로 사용하는 것과 부가적인 산 부식과정을 추가하여 접착을 시도함에 있어 그 임상적 접작 강도를 알아보고자 하는 것이었다. 치아 우식에 이환되지 않은 120개의 상하악 구치를 사용하여 간접 수복물 제작을 위한 와동을 형성하고 금인레이와 간접복합레진(Synfony) 수복물을 제작하였다. 실험군은 수복물의 종류마다 사용한 시벤트의 종류와 방식에 따라 세 군으로 분류하였다. 최종적으로 102개의 와동 시편에 수복물의 접착을 위해 Maxcem을 사용한 군,인산으로 부가적인 산 부식 후에 Maxcem을 사용한 군,그리고 대조군으로 다단계 전-산부식(total-etching) 시멘트인 Variolink II를 사용하여 접착한 실험군으로 각 군 당 17개씩으로 분류하였다. 자체 제작한 만능시험기로 push-out 접착 강도를 측정하고 와동 접착 표면적으로 나누어 단위 면적당 결합력으로 산출하였다. SPSS 12.0K 프로그램을 사용하여 one-way ANOVA와 95% 신뢰도의 Scheffe's Test로 각 실험군의 접착력를 비교하였다. 이 실험의 조건하에서는 Maxcem을 사용할 때,간접수복물의 종류에 관계없이,제조사의 지시 외에 부가적인 산부식 과정은 접착 강도를 감소시키는 역효과를 유발하였으며 더욱 강한 접착력을 필요로 하는 경우는 다단계 접작제를 사용하여 산부식 과정과 접착제 적용,시멘트 도포 등을 분리하여 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional etching procedure prior to Maxcem resin cement application in indirect restoration cementation using push-out bonding strength. One hundred and two extracted human molars were used to make indirect resin restorations of gold inlay and Synfony. These restorations were cemented using Maxcem and Variolink II. Additional etching procedures were done for one group with Maxcem. Three groups have 17 specimens in both restoration types. Push-out bond strength was measured using multi-purpose tester and calculated for bonding strength per sqaure-millimeter area. The mean bonding strength values were compared using SPSS 12.0K program for one-way ANOVA and Scheffe' s Test with 95% significance. Under the condition of this study, the additional etching procedure prior to usage of Maxcem resulted in reduced bond strength for both of restoration types.

몇가지 香辛料의 抗菌作用

姜信珠,張鉉淑 慶北大學校 師範大學 1983 敎育硏究誌 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study is to observe the potential antibiotic activities of some spices. The tested spices were red pepper, black pepper, garlic, Japanese pepper, mustard, cinnamon, ginger, wasabia koreana, curry-powder, green onion and onion. These spices were extracted with A solvent(95% ethanol 200㎖+10g of tartaric acid), B solvent(95% ethanol 200㎖ only), and C solvent (95% ethanol 200㎖+10g of sodium carbonate). The extracts were screened for the presence of their potential antibiotic activities against some microorganisms such as Salmonella typhi, Shigellaflexneri, Vibrio cholera classic, Staphylococcus aureus 3A, and Escherichia coli oil. The results are as follows: The garlic, the black pepper, the green onion, the onion, the ginger and the cinnamon showed antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus 3A. Generally the cinnamon has the strongest effect against the Salmonella typhi, the activities of the black pepper and the green onion were less strong than the cinnamon. The cinnamon has the strongest one against the Shigella flexneri, the green onion and the onion were moderately strong. The black pepper, the curry powder and the Japanese pepper were less strong than the above. The garlic, the cinnamon, the ginger, and the green onion have the strongest effect against the Vibrio cholera, the others were moderately strong. Theicmnamon and the onion have the strongest effect against the Escherichia coli, the garlic, the black pepper, the curry powder, the Japanese pepper and the green onion were strong. The dressing material has the antibiotic activities against the Vibrio cholera, the Escherichia coli and the Shigella flexneri.

사무직 근로자의 수면의 질 및 직무스트레스와 우울과의 관련성

강미나,강수영,권수정,김현주,배재원,이보연,이예진,임의롬,정다영,조한솔 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the degree of depression, sleep quality, job stress and their association among office workers. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 147 workers employed in 5 big enterprises, and 5 small and medium enterprises from October 21 to November 21, 2012. The questionnaires included socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, job-related characteristics, sleep quality, job stress (KOSS) and depression (CES-D). Result: Among all subjects, 23.1% was in the depression group (21 points and over in the CES-D score). Depressive level was positively correlated with job stress and quality of sleep. The adjusted odd ratio for the effects of sleep quality and job stress on depression significantly increased in the depression group compared to that of the normal group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the following factors of influence had combined explanatory powers on depression: BMI, life satisfaction, quality of sleep, and job stress. Conclusion: The study revealed that complicated influences were exerted on the level of depression by variable factors, as well as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, quality of sleep, and job stress. Specifically, the level of depression was influenced by the quality of sleep and job stress.

교사의 실천적 지식으로서의 내러티브에 의한 수업비평의 지평과 가치 탐색

강현석 한국교육과정학회 2007 교육과정연구 Vol.25 No.2