Experimental Studies on Progressive Collapse Behavior of RC Frame Structures: Advances and Future Needs

Wei?Jian Yi,Fan Yi,Yun Zhou 한국콘크리트학회 2021 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.15 No.4

In the recent two decades, the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures attracted unprecedented research interests in the structural engineering community. Experiments are regarded as an essential method in this field since actual cases can barely provide sufficient and effective data to support rigorous research. In this paper, prevailing experimental assumptions and configurations among over 100 series of experiments are quantitatively revealed by a bibliometric collection based on systematic search in an academic database. Since numerous experiments have been reported on the progressive collapse of RC frame structures, this paper subsequently presents a state-of-the-art review summarizing both experimental consensuses and controversies constituted by three main aspects: (a) static mechanisms, (b) dynamic behavior, and (c) threat-dependent research. The significance of secondary mechanisms, existing problems of dynamic effects, and potential flaws of the threat-independent assumption are discussed in detail with experimental findings. Future needs are emphasized on research targets, correlations between experiments and design, dynamic effects, threat-dependent issues, and retrofitting. These recommendations might help researchers or designers realize a more reliable and realistic progressive collapse design of RC frame structures in the future.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Treated with Radiofrequency Ablation in a Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report

Jianyi Sun,Xiaosun Liu,Qing Zhang,Yanyun Hong,BIN SONG,Xiaodong Teng,Jiren Yu 대한영상의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.17 No.4

Standard therapy has not been established for thyroid cancer when a thyroidectomy is contraindicated due to systemic disease. Herein, we reported a patient who had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and papillary thyroid carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation because of inability to tolerate a thyroidectomy. Radiofrequency ablation can be used to treat thyroid cancer when surgery is not feasible, although the long-term outcome needs further observation.

The Concept Definition of “Northeast Asia” and the Analysis from Cultural Perspective

Jianyi Piao,Yunpeng Ma 국제지역연구학회 2014 국제지역학논총 Vol.7 No.1

동북아국제관계 연구 중에는 오랫동안 한가지 문제가 존재해오고 있다. 이는 바로 동북아의 개념과 그 지역 범위의 정의가 확실하지 않다는 것이다. 엄격한 지리학적 견해로는 이른바 “동북아” 지역이 존재하지 않지만, “동북아” 지역은 국제관계연구 중에서는 이미 지정학 개념으로 자리잡고 있다. 기존의 연구에서는 “동북아”의 내재적 의미, 즉, 동북아의 중심지역이 비교적 명확했지만, 그 경계는 매우 불분명했다. 본 논문에서는 “동북아”의 범위를 확정한 기초 위에서 이 지역의 지리적 분포 및 지정학적 특징에 대하여 연구 결론을 제시하였다. 또한 “동북아”는 하나의 지정학적 개념으로서 발전, 변화의 중요한 특징을 가지고 있다. 현재 동북아 지역의 각종 요소들의 상호 작용의 결과는 동북아의 지역 범위 및 문화형태 등 특징을 결정할 것이다. A problem long existing in the research of international relations in northeast Asia is the ambiguous definition of the concept of northeast Asia and its area limits. In the strict sense of geo-related science, there is no so-called “northeast Asia”. Rather, “northeast Asia” is a geo-concept that has been gradually developed in the research of international relations. Current research has basically defined the connotation of “northeast Asia”, namely, its central area, but not its denotation. Based on the longtime research, the relatively clear area limits of northeast Asia have been defined in this paper-the north, west and south boundaries are spherical lines, while the east is characterized by northeast-to-southwest spherical diagonal, which contributed to its overall appearance as a spherical trapezoid. This paper further generalizes the geo-related distributive characteristics of “Northeast Asia”, based on which the paper put forward the thesis―the geo-features and the geo-related distributive characteristics is one of the most stable and constant factors that determine the regional security of northeast Asia. As a geo-related concept, one of the most important features of “northeast Asia” is its character with development and changes, further explained, the current elements interactive results in Northeast Asia region would determine the scope, culture form and other features in the next stage of Northeast Asia.

Evolution, Essence and Boundary of “Ke-Cheng Si-Zheng”: A Rising Reform in Chinese Higher Education

Jianyi Gao,Yanxia Li YIXIN 출판사 2023 教育教学研究论丛 Vol.1 No.1

多层架构的中国租金利用模式

高建奕(Jianyi Gao),孙瑾(Jin Sun) YIXIN 출판사 2023 Journal of China Studies Vol.1 No.1

中国自改革开放以后经济获得了快速的发展,并在整体上取得了巨大的成就。与此同时,中国在经济发展的过程中存在着大量的租金及相关的寻租活动。中国的发展经验很难用传统的寻租理论来解释。本文在梳理寻租理论新近发展的基础上,提出了多层架构中国租金利用模式。一方面,租金创造和租金分配的权力分散在包括中央政府和各级地方政府等多层次的制度性主体手中;另一方面,寻租主体也具有多层次性的特征;地方政府在两者中都发挥重要的作用。正是这一独特的租金利用模式解释了中国经济发展过程中存在着的寻租悖论。 China has made great achievements in the economic development, especially since the reform and opening-up policy implemented in the end of 1978. Meanwhile, a large number of rents have been created and allocated by governments and rent seeking activities have been widespread in extensive industrial sectors. However, the conventional rent-seeking theory fails to account for China’s developmental experience. Based on the review of the latest development of rent-seeking theory, this study discusses the multi-layered mode of rent utilization in China. The special mode of rent utilization is defined from two different respects. On the one hand, the authority of creating and allocating rents are scattered in the hand of multi-layered bodies including the central government level and the different levels of local governments. On the other hand, rent seekers are also of multi-layered characteristics. In both cases, local governments play a great important role. It is this special kind of mode of rent utilization that explains the paradox of rent-seeking in China’s economic development.

A Study of Product Placement and Audience`s Brand Image Construction

Dong Jianyi(동건의) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2017 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.11 No.8

매체 수단의 끊임없는 갱신과 새로운 시각적 자격형식의 출현에 따라 광고의 시청자는 PPL(product placement) 광고에 대한 민예도과 관심도는 점점 떨어지고 있다. 이런 현황에 근거하여 신시대의 PPL 광고를 계획할 때 청각적과 시각적인 내용을 드라마의 내용과 일치해야 한다. 본고는 광고의 일치도와 시청자가 브랜드에 대한 태도 사이의 변증적인 관계를 분석하고 일치도는 시청자가 브랜드에 대한 태도와 밀접한 관계가 있다고 여겼다. 일치도가 높은 PPL 광고는 시청자 마음의 대항성을 낮추고 적극적인 태도를 생기게 한다. 반면에 PPL 광고는 드라마 내용와의 일치도 높지 않다면 시청자들에게 소극적인 태도를 유발하게 한다. 간단하게 말하면 일치도가 높은 브랜드의 광고는 시청자가 경계심을 늦출 때 브랜드의 정보가 시청자에게 쉽게 전달되고 시청자를 브랜드에 대해 적극적인 태도를 생기게 한다. 이리하여 “무위이무불위(無爲而無不爲)”의 효과를 달성하고 브랜드 이미지의 형상화에 대해 큰 의미가 있다. With the continuously updating media methods and new visual stimulating forms, audience"s sensitivity and attention to the product placement in the media is gradually decreasing. In this condition, product placement in the new era must maintain its conformity in auditory and visual content with the content of TV Drama. This paper analyzes the dialectical relationship between advertise conformity and audience"s attitude to brand, and concludes that there is a close relationship between the two sides. Product placement with high conformity will lower audience’s psychological resistance and bring in a positive attitude to this brand. On the contrary, the significant differences between product placement and the original TV Drama will increase the audience"s psychological resistance and bring in a negative attitude toward brand. In short, high-conformity brand placement takes the opportunity of audience’s unawareness to pass the brand information and give the audience a positive attitude to brand, achieving the "action through inaction" effect of product placement, which is of great significance to brand image construction.

Rent-utilization in a Plan-based Economy : the Case of China’s Auto Industry

Gao Jianyi 한국제도경제학회 2016 제도와 경제 Vol.10 No.2

중국 자동차 산업에서 나타난 지대추구 현상을 연구하였다. 통상적인 지대추구 연구에서는 ‘정부’를 한 단위로 이해했으나 중국 자동차 산업 사례에서 중앙정부와 지방정부는 갈등적 이익구조를 가지고 있었기 때문에 지방정부는 중앙정부를 수탈하는 지대추구 주체의 역할을 하였다. 지방정부가 가진 다차원적 맥락에서 본다면 종래의 지대추구를 ‘지대활용’이란 개념으로 확장하여 ‘지대창출-지대배분-지대추구’라는 세 기능으로 구분해서 이해할 필요가 있으며 이러한 모형이 중국의 자동차산업의 다층적 지대 경쟁을 더 잘 설명해준다. 지방정부는 중앙정부의 산업정책 집행의 충실한 환관이 아니라 자신의 이익을 적극적으로 추구하는 주체이다. 지방정부는 자동차 산업부문에서의 지대 활용전략으로 할인지대, 사업승인절차의 악용, 보조금 동원, 조세상 특혜 및 보호주의 전략을 주로 사용하였다. 지방정부는 자동차 산업에서 중앙정부 간에서는 M-형 계층구조, 분권화, 정보의 비대칭성, 지리적 이격성 때문에 ‘본인-대리인 구조’ 하에서 상당한 재량을 자동차 산업에서 가질 수 있었다. 일반적인 시장경제 하의 지대추구는 정부-민간기업 간에 지대추구가 나타나지만 중국자동차 산업의 경우에는 중앙정부-지방정부, 지방정부-공기업 간에 가장 선명하게 나타났다. 따라서 민간 기업이 없다는 것은 지대추구가 나타나지 않기 위한 충분조건이 아니다. 계획경제 하에서 정부의 권능 때문에 수많은 가격차별 및 특혜를 통해 자동차 산업을 육성하려 했지만 그 결과는 지대추구의 만연으로 귀착되고, 그 해결책을 요구하는 공공 압력에 대응하다 보니 자연스럽게 자동차 산업의 시장화로 나아가게 되었다. 즉, 계획경제는 지대추구를 낳았으나 그 지대추구는 다시 계획경제를 무너뜨리고 시장경제화로 나아가게 하는 의도하지 않은 결과를 낳았다. 시장경제와는 상당한 거리가 있는 중국자동차 산업에 대한 지대추구 이론의 적용은 전통적 지대추구 이론을 부정하는 것이 아니라, 이를 오히려 보완하고 그 적용 영역을 확장하여 이론적 설명력을 높이는 것이다. This paper identifies the aspects of rent-utilization in China’s auto industry, extending the application of rent-seeking approach to a plan-based economic system. The analytical model of “rent-utilization” comprising three phases of rent-creation, rent-allocation and rent-seeking was used to extend the classical rent-seeking concept. “Government” in conventional rent-seeking studies was assumed to be a unitary unit. But local governments in China had different interests structure from the central government, so ran into rent-seeking game against the central government. Local governments were never faithful eunuch agencies to the central government for designated national interest but critical rent-utilizers in the auto industry. Their main strategies were using the ‘discounting rents’, exploiting the project approval processes, mobilizing the subsidies, tax favors and local protectionism etc. The M-form hierarchical structure, formal decentralization, information asymmetry and geographical remoteness caused the relationship between the central and local governments to form principal-agent situation. Moreover, local governments had a big interest in tax revenue coming from SOEs. Rent flow in market economies appears mainly between private enterprises and government, but it emerged between SOEs and governments in China’s auto industry. ‘Big-3’ of the central government, and so many SOEs of local governments were main producers. Formation of ‘Big-3 and Small-3’ itself was a result of rent-seeking. Rent-utilization in the auto industry had resulted in unintended effect, helping lead to market-oriented reform. The plan-based economy gave birth to fervent rent-seeking, and the rent-seeking itself in turn caused eroding of the plan-based management and moving toward market-oriented reforms. Rent-seeking in plan-based economies was out of focal research target for a long time. The model of rent-utilization in this paper does not reject or deny the wisdom of classical rent-seeking theory. Rather, this model complements and supports it.

Microscopic Image Segmentation Method based on SVM

Li Jianyi,Wang Huijuan,Li Shufeng 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, the existing microscopic image segmentation method is studied, by comparing the segmentation result, the support vector machine (SVM) of microscopic image segmentation method has good precision, deserves further research.

애덤 스미스의 공감, 정의, ‘스미스 문제’ 해결 논리 및 공공선택학에 주는 함의

고건혁(Jianyi Gao),정주현(Juhyeon Jeong) 공공선택학회 2024 공공선택학저널 Vol.3 No.1

공공선택학은 광의의 정치경제학에 속하므로 정치경제학으로 ‘국부론’을 쓴 애덤 스미스에 연결되어 있다. 공공선택학이 전제하고 있는 경제인(homo economicus)을 정확히 이해하기 위해 스미스가 국부론 이전에 쓴 ‘도덕감정론’을 성찰함이 필요하다. 이 논문은 첫째, 스미스의 도덕감정론 속에 담겨있는 공감(sympathy) 의미를 살펴보고, 둘째, 정의(justice) 논리의 특성을 추출하며, 셋째, 도덕감정론과 국부론 속 두 인간의 모순, 즉 ‘스미스의 문제’ 해결을 시도하는 논리들을 검토하고, 넷째, 도덕감정론과 공공선택학의 관계를 불화와 화합의 두 측면에서 분석했다. 이 논문의 연구결과는 다음 시사점을 준다. 첫째, 스미스의 도덕감정론은 이성에 대한 비현실적 의존, 초월적 계시와 같은 인식 주체의 개입 없이도 보통 사람이 받아 들일만한 추론 과정을 통해 도덕 감정이 작동할 수 있음을 보여준다. 둘째, 도덕 감정이 기본적으로 개인의 주관에 좌우된다는 약점을 보완하는 핵심 역할을 하는 것이 ‘공정한 관찰자’이다. 공정한 관찰자를 통해서만 개인의 공감이 상호 공감으로 이어진다. 셋째, 공감으로 사회 질서가 설명되는 경우는 제한적이다. 공감이 아니라 정치, 제도, 법의 강제력을 통해 질서가 유지되는 상황이 아주 흔하다. 바로 이 상황을 도덕감정론의 인간이 아니라 국부론의 인간 관점에서 분석하는 것이 공공선택학이다. 넷째, 이런 제약에도 불구하고 ‘공감 부재’의 사회를 다스리는 정치, 제도, 법의 강제력조차 장기적으로는 상호 공감을 필요로 한다. 그 범위에서 공감은 자생적 질서가 아닌 ‘조직 질서’에서도 여전히 유효하다. As a variant of Political Economy deriving from Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations(WN), Public Choice students need to add Theory of Moral Sentiment to recognize true meaning of Homo Economicus, which the discipline stands on. This article focuses on four points regarding this project. First, the meaning of Sympathy by Smith was extracted from TMS. Second, logic of Smith’s Justice theory were analyzed, Third, some persuasive explanations were tried to solve so-called ‘Das Adam Smith Problem’ between TMS and WN. Fourth, relations of TMS to Public Choice was suggested, in the context of both concord and discord. Results of this article reveal some implications as follows. First, Smithian TMS logic emerged without any transcendental components like absolute reason or revelation by god, which serves to more acceptability to ordinary individuals. Second, ‘Impartial Spectator’ plays vital role to induce more objective judgements from subjective judgements of any individuals. Without it, moral sentiments are not to form mutual sympathy. Third, situations is restricted in which sympathy can lead to social stability. Therefore, force by politics, institutions, and law is more common where sympathy is hard to emerge. Public Choice is a set of knowledge to deal with those situations(‘organizational order’, by Hayek) lacking sympathy. Fourth, even so, organizational order requires to secure sympathy of the individuals being governed, at least in long-term basis, suggesting sympathy is still important, both in the world of spontaneous and organizational order.

Resource Allocation Algorithm for Multi-cell Cognitive Radio Networks with Imperfect Spectrum Sensing and Proportional Fairness

Jianyao Zhu,Jianyi Liu,Zhaorong Zhou,Li Li 한국전자통신연구원 2016 ETRI Journal Vol.38 No.6

This paper addresses the resource allocation (RA) problem in multi-cell cognitive radio networks. Besides the interference power threshold to limit the interference on primary users PUs caused by cognitive users CUs, a proportional fairness constraint is used to guarantee fairness among multiple cognitive cells and the impact of imperfect spectrum sensing is taken into account. Additional constraints in typical real communication scenarios are also considered—such as a transmission power constraint of the cognitive base stations, unique subcarrier allocation to at most one CU, and others. The resulting RA problem belongs to the class of NP-hard problems. A computationally efficient optimal algorithm cannot therefore be found. Consequently, we propose a suboptimal RA algorithm composed of two modules: a subcarrier allocation module implemented by the immune algorithm, and a power control module using an improved sub-gradient method. To further enhance algorithm performance, these two modules are executed successively, and the sequence is repeated twice. We conduct extensive simulation experiments, which demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms.