조정(趙靖)의 일기를 통해 본 전쟁 속 일상과 가족

김정운 ( Kim¸ Jeong-un ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2021 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.76

조선시대 16세기 후반에서 17세기는 커다란 변화의 시기였다. 학문과 국가운영 전반에 도약이 있었다. 반대로 위험도 컸다. 연이어 외적이 침략하였다. 전쟁으로 많은 것이 훼손되었고, 또 새롭게 만들어졌다. 본고는 이 시기 사대부의 일상생활에서 이것을 확인해 보았다. 대상은 조정(趙靖, 1555~1636)이다. 조정은 경상도 상주에 살았고, 과거(科擧)에 합격하고 관직을 지낸 이력이 있다. 그리고 그는 전쟁기간에 일상생활을 기록한 일기를 남겼다. 본고는 다음 세 가지에 주목하였다. 첫째, 피란 생활의 단위와 생활방식이다. 피란 생활의 단위는 바로 생존을 함께하는 사람들이기 때문이다. 둘째, 전쟁 중에 생계를 마련하는 방식과 의례 활동이다. 조정은 식량을 얻기 위해 걸어서 산을 넘어 관창(官倉) 앞에서 밤새 기다리면서, 이전에 한 번도 해 본적 없는 일이라고 하였다. 이런 형편에서도 선조의 제사를 위해서 생선과 국을 준비하였다. 그에게 의례는 생존에 관계된 것이었다. 셋째, 친족네트워크가 사회적으로 작동하는 방식이다. 조정은 의병에 가담하였고, 의병 활동을 하는 과정에서 혼인으로 맺어진 친족관계는 무엇과도 비교할 수 없는 큰 자원이 되었다. Joseon witnessed huge changes between the latter half of the 16th and 17th century. People were making a leap in studies and national management, and they also faced tremendous risks caused by foreign invasions, which drove people into huge shock and changes in their thinking and daily lives. War caused shocking experiences for them. Many things were damaged and made anew. This study set out to examine these changes in the daily life of nobility during those years with a focus on Jo Jeong(1555~1636). He lived in Jangcheon, Sangju, Gyeongsang Province, passed the state examination, and held office as a government official. He left behind his journal of his daily life during the war. The study focused on three aspects about him: first, it focuses on the unit and lifestyle of refugees to understand the minimum unit for survival; secondly, it focuses on the ways that people earned a living and held ceremonies during the war. Jo Jeong climbed over a mountain on foot and waited in line before a government warehouse all night to receive food rations, which was something he had never done in his life before the war. In these circumstances, he prepared fish and soup for ancestral rites. For him, formalities were related to his survival. Finally, the study also focused on human networks and their operating methods. Jo Jeong joined the army raised in the cause of justice based on his human network, and this was also his activity for social survival as a nobleman.

비조작 자료의 조작 과정이 학습자의 지식 구성에 미치는 영향 -초등 사회과를 대상으로-

정혜정 ( Hye Jeong Jeong ),송언근 ( Un Gun Song ) 한국지리환경교육학회 2008 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.16 No.1

비조작 자료와 사회과 지식 구성의 관계 규명을 목적으로 하는 본 논문의 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 비조작 자료의 조작에 토대한 사회과 수업의 결과는 첫째, 지식의 구성은 일차원적 지식에서 다차원적 지식 구성으로 발전하였다. 둘째, 학생들은 조작과 해석 과정에서 개념의 정의를 확인하고, 자료에 근거해서 생각하고, 타인에 해석에 대해 해석하려는 등, 비판적 사고력이 육성되었다. 셋째, 능동적이고, 맥락적으로 지식을 구성하며, 사회과를 즐거운 교과, 협동하는 교과로 인식하였다. 이 같은 특징과 더불어 사회과 지식이 비조작 자료의 수집과 조작, 그에 토대한 해석의 과정으로 거치면서 구성된다는 점에서 볼 때, 사회과다운 수업과 사회과다운 탐구는 비조작 자료의 조작에 토대한 수업을 할 때 가능해 진다고 할 수 있다. This study, on the relationship between un-manipulated learning materials and knowledge construction in social studies, can be summarized as follows: First, the construction of knowledge has proceeded from one-dimensional to multi-dimensional. Second, students have shown improvements in critical thinking; that is, they have defined concepts clearer, thought on the basis of materials, and reflected on others` interpretations. And third, students have constructed their knowledge actively and contextually, and thus experienced social studies as an occasion for intrinsic fulfillment and cooperation. In a nutshell, genuine inquiry and learning in social studies could be predicated on manipulation of un-manipulated materials; gathering, adaptation and interpretation of materials.

여말선초의 시화에 나타난 기(氣)의 성격 변화와 그 의미

鄭雲采 건국대학교 인문과학연구소 1998 인문과학논총 Vol.31 No.-

The aim of this thesis is to reveal the change of the concept of Ki(氣) in Sihwa(詩話) and its meaning. Until now the change of the concept of Ki(氣) in literary criticism was ignored. Consequently the understanding of the relation between literary and society was superficial 《Bohanjib(補閑集)》, the Sihwa(詩話) which is written in Koryeo-Sidae(高麗時代), emphasizes the characteristic traits of Ki(氣) itself and the process of their growth. Therefore Ki(氣) itself is the criterion of a literary work's worth. 《Donginsihwa(東人詩話)》, the Sihwa(詩話) which is written in Joseon-Sidae(朝鮮時代), emphasizes the external source of Ki(氣) and the appearance of it. Therefore the external source of Ki(氣) is the criterion of a literary work's worth. These facts mean that in Koryeo-Sidae(高麗時代) the aesthetic sense of a work is the criterion in literary criticism and in Joseon-Sidae(朝鮮時代) the utility of a work is the criterion in literary criticism.

한국 소설에 나타난 테러리즘 고찰

정경운 현대문학이론학회 2001 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This paper analyzes aspects of terrorism as found in Korea novels, and investigates meaning of historical question its involve. Texts are 「Terrorist」(Son Woo-Hyi), 「Terrorist」, 「Chase」, The smile of May(Song Gi-Sook), 「The house of Ice」(Jeong-Chan). 「Terrorist」(Son Woo-Hyi) captures real shape of state terrorism making a tool of an individual, through terrorists whose can't find way for one's existence under circumstances in which objects of terror disappear. Song's works reveals terrorism as historical conviction against subject of violence, when ways can be use public violence is closed, or its can't exhibit one's function. This means terrorism as violence of the weak, is related to historical justification. 「The house of Ice」 shows relation of violence and human desire towards power through a terrorist, is transfigured into a torturer. In these novels, we can read violent aspect of world, which turn out terrorism. They are vulgar violence of political authority based on state terrorism, anti-historical persons whose make Modern Korea history in a tragedy, and violence of imperialism. In this point of these novels can be said to pose a question on the human history bases on inhuman violence, however its way revealing terrorism differ.

「서동요」의 형성과 그 예언적인 힘의 유래 : 「삼공본풀이」와의 관련을 중심으로

정운채 건국대학교 인문과학연구소 1996 인문과학논총 Vol.28 No.-

The aim of this thesis is to reveal the formation of "Seodongyo(薯童謠)" and the source of its prophetic power. Until now the relation between "Seodongyo(薯童謠)" and "Samgongbonpuri(三公본풀이)" was ignored. Consequently a folk song was believed to be the origin of "Seodongyo(薯童謠)," and an artful design of Seodong(童謠) was regarded as the source of its prophetic power. Now this view must be corrected. "Seodongyo(薯童謠)," has two important elements. One is 'rumour' which caused Seonhwagongju(善花公主) to be expelled, and the other is 'love' which caused her to success. "Samgongbonpuri(三公본풀이)" also has two elements similar to those. After all "Seodongyo(署童謠)" was formed by reducing "Samgongbonpuri(三公본풀이)." In the context of "Seodongyo(薯童謠)" Seodong(薯童) and Seonhwagongju(善花公主) are objectified. So "Seodongyo(薯童謠)" is the wishful utterance of storytellers who see them objectively. After all the source of prophetic power of "Seodongyo(薯童謠)" is the story of "Samgongbonpuri(三公본풀이)" or the desire of storytellers.

전어,볼락,말쥐치 혀의 조직학적 구조 및 Glycoconjugates에 대한 Prelectin 조직화학

정길남,강미경,조운복 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2006 교사교육연구 Vol.45 No.-

경골어류인 전어, 볼락 및 말쥐치 혀의 구조는 H-E 염색, PAS 염색 및 AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 염색으로, 혀 점액질 성상은 AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 0.4, PAS, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0-PAS 및 AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 염색으로 검색하였다. 1. 전어, 볼락 및 말쥐치 혀의 상피는 중층편평상피로 구성되며 점액세포들이 전어에서 혀 등쪽상피세포사이에, 볼락과 말쥐치에서 등쪽면과 하면 상피세포사이에 분포하며 모든 어종에서 등쪽면에 더 많이 분포하고 점액세포 수는 볼락에서 제일 많고 그 다음이 말쥐치, 전어였다. 2. 혀 결합조직은 전어는 섬유연골판, 탄성연골판 및 초자연골판으로, 볼락은 섬유연골판, 큰 상피양소체, 백색지방조직 및 초자연골판으로, 말쥐치는 섬유결합조직판으로 구성되어 있었다. 3. 혀 점액세포는 말쥐치는 neutral GCs만을 함유하나 전어와 볼락은 acid GCs와 neutral GCs가 다같이 나타나며 전어는 acid GCs의 양이 많았다. 전어는 nonsulfated GCs 양이 sulfated GCs 양보다 훨씬 더 많았으나 볼락은 sulfated GCs 양이 nonsulfated GCs 양 보다 더 많았다. 말쥐치는 neutral GCs만을 분비하는 점액세포 1종이, 전어는 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포, nonsulfated GCs와 sulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 2종이, 볼락은 sulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포, sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 및 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 3종이 관찰되었다. 4. 혀 결합조직 GCs의 조직화학적 성상은 어종과 부위에 따라 차이가 있어 섬유연골판에서 전어 및 볼락은 sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs가 관찰되었으며 전어는 sulfated GCs 양이 더 많았고 볼락은 nonsulfated GCs 양이 더 많았으나 말쥐치는 nonsulfated GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. 전어의 탄성연골판은 neutral GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. 초자연골판에서 전어는 sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs의 혼합성이나 볼락은 sulfated GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. H-E, PAS and AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 staining techniques were applied to study structure of tongues in teleosts, i.e., Clupanodon punctatus, Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus. For distribution of lingual mucosubstances AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 0.4, PAS, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0-PAS and AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 stains were performed. 1. The linings of tongues in Clupanodon punctatus, Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus were mucous membranes consisting of stratified squamous epithelium with mucous cells. Mucous cells existed in the dorsal surface of lingual mucosa in Clupanodon punctatus, in the dorsal and inferior surface in Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus. Mucous cells occurred predominantly in the dorsal surface in the all kinds of fishes studied. Sebastes inermis had the highest number of mucous cells, followed by Cantherines modestus, Clupanodon punctatus. 2. The following lingual cartilages consisted: in Clupanodon punctatus, fibrous cartilage, elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage; in Sebastes inermis, fibrous cartilage, large epitheloid body, white fat tissue and hyaline cartilage; in Cantherines modestus, fibrous connective tissue. 3. Lingual mucous cells in Cantherines modestus contained only neutral GCs, while it contained both acid and neutral GCs in Clupanodon punctatus and Sebastes inermis. Clupanodon punctatus had much more acid GCs which consisted abundant nonsulfated than sulfated GCs. The following lingual mucous cell consisted: one kind of mucous cells secreting only neutral GCs in Cantherines modestus; two kinds of mucous cells secreting nonsulfated GCs and both nonsulfated and sulfated GCs in Clupanodon punctatus; three kinds of mucous cells secreting sulfated GCs, both sulfated and nonsulfated GCs, and nonsulfated GCs in Sebastes inermis. 4. Histochemical properties of GCs in lingual tissue have differences in species and regions. Fibrous cartilage in Clupanodon punctatus and Sebastes inermis had sulfated and nonsulfated GCs. It had only nonsulfated GCs in Cantherines modestus. Clupanodon punctatus had more sulfated than nonsulfated GCs, while Sebastes inermis had more nonsulfated GCs. Elastic cartilage in Clupanodon punctatus contained only neutral GCs. Hyaline cartilage had a mixtures of sulfated and nonsulfated GCs in Clupanodon punctatus, while it had only sulfated GCs in Sebastes inermis.

萬金湯 및 加味萬金湯이 高脂血症에 미치는 影響

서운규,정지천,朴宣東 東國大學校韓醫學硏究所 1994 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In order to investigate the effect of Mangumtang(MT) and Gamimangumtang(GMT) experi-mental studies were performed in Ex.1(treated with cholesterol and administration of sample at a time) and Ex2.(administration of sample after the treatment of cholesterol). The results were summerized as follows : 1.The content of Total cholesterol in the serum was not significantly decreased in MT group, whereas in GMT group sinificantly decreased compared with control group in Ex.1 and all significnatly decreased in MT group and GMT group in Ex.2. 2.The content of Triglyseride in the serum was all significantly decreased in MT group and GMT group in all case. 3.The content of Phospholipid in the serum was not significantly decreased in MT group, whereas in GMT group was significantly decreased compared with control gruop in Ex.1 or Ex.2. 4.The content of Free Fatty Acid in the serum was significantly decreased in MT group and GMT group in all case. 5.The content of HDL-Cholesterol in the serum was tended to decreased compared with control group but did not show a significance in Ex.2 or Ex.2. 6.The content of LDL-Cholesterol in the serum was not significantly decreased in MT group and GMT group in Ex.1, whereas in Ex.2 not significantly decreased in MT group but significantly decreased in GMT group. According to the above results, it is assumed that Mangumtang and Gamimangumtang have a vaild effect on Hyperlipidemia. especially Gamimangu-mtang have a more valild effect on prevention and cure of Hyperlipidemia.

일측폐환기시 환기폐의 호기말양압과 비환기폐의 지속적기도양압이 동맥혈산소분압 및 기도저항에 미치는 효과

이정은,조정옥,정규돈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.2

One lung ventilation is essential for the protection of the healthy lung from contamination by spilage of secretion from the diseased lung and offering acceptable condition for surgeon. But it can cause inadequate ventilation and oxygenation. The purpose of this sutudy is to evaluate the effect of application of PEEP(5cmH_2O) on ventilating lung and CPAP(5cmH_2O) on nonventilating lung respectively during one lung anesthesia. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gas analysis and airway pressure were measured before, during and after one lung ventilation in eight lung cacer patients and seven pneumothorax patients. There were no significant changes with blood pressure and heart rate. And blood gas analysis results showed normal findings. Mean and peak airway pressures and lung compliance were increased significantly(p<0.05) following one lung ventilation and returned control values after two lung ventilation.

문학치료학과 역사적 트라우마

정운채(Jeong, Un chae) 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2013 통일인문학 Vol.55 No.-

이 논문의 목적은 문학치료학이 어떠한 기본 개념들을 가지고 있는지를 분명히 하고, 문학치료학에서는 역사적 사건의 충격과 트라우마를 어떠한 방식으로 다루고 있으며, 문학치료학에서 역사적 트라우마를 극복하는 원리는 무엇인지를 명료하게 밝혀보는 데 있다. 논의의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문학치료학의 기본적이고 핵심적인 개념으로는 텍스트, 서사, 인생살이, 자기서사, 작품, 작품서사 등이 있다. 둘째, 인생살이는 자기서사에 기반을 두고 있지만, 인생살이의 곡절들이 자기서사를 변화시키기도 한다. 셋째, 작품은 작품서사에 기반을 두고 있으며 작품서사는 자기서사의 영향을 크게 받고 있지만, 작품서사가 오히려 자기서사를 변화시키기도 한다. 넷째, 역사적 사건이 인생살이에 충격을 주었을 때, 기왕의 자기서사가 이 충격을 해석해낼 수 있다면 건강한 인생살이를 유지할 수가 있다. 다섯째, 역사적 사건이 인생살이에 충격을 주었을 때, 기왕의 자기서사로는 이 충격을 감당하지 못할 수도 있는데, 이럴 경우에는 인생살이의 충격을 고려하여 자기서사가 조정될 수 있고, 이렇게 조정된 자기서사가 인생살이의 충격을 해석해낼 수 있다면 역시 건강한 인생살이를 유지할 수가 있다. 여섯째, 역사적 사건이 인생살이에 충격을 주었을 때, 기왕의 자기서사로도 이 충격을 이해할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라, 자기서사의 조정에 의한 새로운 자기서사의 마련도 용이하지 않게 되면 인생살이의 충격은 이해할 수 없는 인생살이의 용종으로 남아 트라우마가 형성된다. 일곱째, 역사적 사건이 인생살이에 충격을 주었을 때, 이 충격에 의하여 자기서사가 조정되기는 하지만 건강하지 못한 자기서사가 형성되는 경우에는 불합리한 신념이 생길 수 있는데, 이 불합리한 신념 역시 트라우마가 된다. 여덟째, 작품서사는 인생살이가 조정하지 못한 자기서사를 조정하게 되는데, 이렇게 조정된 자기서사에 의하여 그동안 해석해 내지 못했던 충격을 해석해냄으로써 트라우마는 극복될 수 있다. 아홉째, 작품서사는 인생살이에 의하여 형성된 건강하지 못한 자기서사를 건강한 자기서사로 변화시킬 수 있는데, 이렇게 변화된 건강한 자기서사가 인생살이를 재해석함으로써 트라우마가 된 불합리한 신념으로부터 벗어날 수 있게 된다. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the basic notions of literary therapeutics, and reveal the principle of overcoming historical trauma in a literary therapeutic view. The results of this paper are as follows. First, text, the epic, life, the epic of self, literary work, and the epic of literary work are the core notions of literary therapeutics. Second, life is found on the epic of self. However, circumstances in life can change the epic of self. Third, literary work is found on the epic of literary work, and the epic of literary work is influenced by the epic of self. However, sometimes, the epic of literary work can change the epic of self likewise. Fourth, if one"s epic of self can interpret a shock from a historical event well, one can maintain healthy life. Fifth, if one"s epic of self fail to interpret a shock from a historical event, one"s epic of self needs to be adjusted. If one succeed to adjust the epic of self for interpreting the shock well, one can also maintain healthy life. Sixth, if one fail to adjust the epic of self for interpreting the shock well, one would suffer from trauma. Un-interpreted shock would be causing for trauma. Seventh, when the epic of self is adjusted because of a shock from historical event, unhealthy epic of self can be formed. This unhealthy epic of self is causing for one"s unreasonable belief, and eventually trauma. Eighth, when circumstances in life fail to adjust the epic of self, the epic of literary work can adjust the epic of self. Based on the adjusted epic of self, one would be able to interpret the shock well, and finally overcome trauma. Ninth, the epic of literary work can change the unhealthy epic of self to the healthy epic of self. The healthy epic of self can re-interpret the shock well, and make one to overcome the unreasonable belief.

질소산화물의 급성 노출로 인한 폐 손상 1례

김정호,김대환,손병철,이창희,김정원,문덕환,이채언,김주인 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : Lung injuries due to exposure to nitrogen oxides can occur in various process in industry. We experienced a case of chemical pneumonitis induced by accidental inhalation of nitrogen oxides emitted from the bath in an acid dipping operation. Case : Dyspnea, cough and blood-tinged sputum production, cyanosis, and tachypnea occurred after exposure to oxides of nitrogen. There were bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities in simple chest radiography and high resolutional computed tomography, hypoxemia in arterial blood gas analysis, mixed ventilation defect and reduced diffusion capacity in spirometry. As an oxygen and supportive therapy, after hospitalization, was given, the patient recovered completely from the lung injury on the 8th day after admission. There was no evidence of delayed onset of bronchiolitis obliterance or pulmonary edema in a follow-up for about 6 months. Conclusions : Acid dip operation require more efficient hooding and exhausting system for the prevention of lung injuries caused by inhalation of nitrogen oxides. Also health education for worker need.