Effect of low processing rate on homogeneous microstructural evolution of polyacrylonitrile‑based carbon fibers

Doo‑Won Kim,Dae Ho Kim,Sung Ryong Kim,Bo‑Hye Kim,Yun Hyuk Bang,Duck Joo Yang,Go Bong Choi,Yoong Ahm Kim,Kap Seung Yang 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

This study demonstrates that low processing rate for producing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber is a critical to obtain a homogeneous radial microstructure with high resistance to oxidation, thereby resulting in their improved mechanical strength. The dry-jet wet spun PAN organic fibers were processed (e.g., stabilized and then carbonized) utilizing two different rates; one is 1.6 times longer than the other. The effect of processing rate on the microstructural evolutions of carbon fibers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy after slow etching in air, as well as Raman mapping after graphitization. The rapidly processed fiber exhibited the multilayered radial structure, which is caused by the radial direction stretching of the extrusion in the spinning. In case of the slowly processed fiber, the layered radial structure formed in the spinning process was changed into a more homogeneous radial microstructure. The slowly processed fibers showed higher oxidation resistance, higher mechanical properties, and higher crystallinity than the rapidly processed one. Raman mapping confirmed that the microstructure developed during spinning was sustained even though fiber was thermally treated up to 2800 °C.

경막외 혈액 봉합술을 시행받은 자발성 두개내 저압 환자의 분석

김두식,유수봉,윤상호 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background : Spontaneous intracranial hypotension(SIH) is found as a not uncommon cause of headache recently. We wanted to study its demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms and findings and the effect of autologous epidural blood patch (AEBP). Methods : We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 11 patients who were diagnosed of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and treated with AEBP from March of 2006 to October of 2009. Results : Age of patients(10 female and 1 male) was ranged from 29 to 51 years (mean 38.8 years). Their presenting symptoms included typical postural headache(11/11), nausea and vomiting(7/11), dizziness(2/11), stiff neck or neck pain(2/11), shoulder pain(2/11), and back pain(1/11). In nine patients CSF pressure was checked, CSF pressure was less than 6 cmH2O in 8 patients. In nine of eleven patients, CSF leakage was detected in cisternography. Brain MRI showed diffuse meningeal enhancement in six patients and subdural hematoma in one. VAS of postural headache decreased from 8-10(mean 9.6) to 1-5(mean 1.6) after AEBP. Conclusion : Most of the SIH patients were otherwise healthy people. It was prevalent among women, especially young adult. AEBP showed as an excellent treatment modality.

우리의 현실에 비추어 본 서구 협상이론의 비판적 고찰

봉두완 광운대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2000 인문사회과학논문집 Vol.29 No.-

Many scholars have understood that scientific theories have limits in explaining the complex, multi-faceted human behavior. An alternative paradigm of relativism is based on the acceptance of perceptive diversity in different cultural settings. According to this view, knowledge cannot be 'found' but interacts continuously with the social and cultural surroundings. In this light, I attempt to critically analyze Western negotiation theories and furthermore propose a new direction of the negotiation culture in Korea. The first part of the paper reviews negotiation theories along with a comparison between Western and non-Western concept of communication. Then, a reflection of Koreans' way of negotiating is based upon this disparity in the concept of communication. The most prominent differences are first hierarchical society vs egalitarian society, second, speaker-centered vs. listener-centered society. As a result the negotiation pattern in Korea.

소아에서 Fogarty 카테터를 이용한 일측폐 환기 마취 경험

유수봉,강효석,임지훈,김두식,류시정 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3

Thoracic surgery may be greatly facilitated by causing selective atelectasis of the lung being operated on (one-lung ventilation anesthesia). But the tube used for one-lung ventilation is greater outer diameter than conventional endotracheal tube when compare to each other with same inner diameter, so in some young children it is impossible to one-lung ventilation using double lumen tube or bronchial blocker tube because of narrow vocal cord. We performed one lung ventilation anesthesia using conventional endotracheal tube and Fogarty catheter as a bronchial blocker in 11-year old women who received lung biopsy surgery and left lower lobectomy.

Mouse의 血液像에 관한 硏究 : Rompun投與가 鎭靜狀態 및 血液像에 미치는 影響 Effect of the administration of rompun on the sedation and the hematological values

吳錫斗,姜奉泰,李乙熙 진주산업대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

晋州農林專門大學 附屬動物飼育場에서 飼育中인 Mouse를 공시하여 Rompun 投與前 血液像을 調査하여 處理前의 實驗値를 算定했고 處理區는 0.1, 0.2 및 0.3mg/kg 投與群으로 나누어 投與後 鎭靜狀態는 經時的으로 調査했고 血液像은 1, 2, 3 및 4時間에 調査하였던 바 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 鎭靜導入時間은 0.1mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg 및 0.3mg/kg 投與區에서 각각 20分, 14分, 7.5分이었고 鎭靜待續時間은 0.5時間, 1時間, 2時間이었다. 2. 血球容積, 血色素含量, 赤血球數 및 白血球總數는 鎭靜期에 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 3. 平均赤血球容積은 鎭靜期에 0.1mg/kg投與區는 감소했고, 0.2mg/kg 및 0.3mg/kg投與區는 증가하였다. 4. 血淸總蛋白含量은 投與後 4時間까지 감소하였다. The effects of Rompun on the sedation and the hematological values of the mouse were studied. 3 Levels of Rompun were treated: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg of body weight of the mouse. The changes of sedation of the mouse were observed with the passage of time and the hematological values were estimated 4 times(1, 2, 3 and 4 hrs after administration). The results are summarized as follows: 1. Times required to reach the sedation state were 20, 14 and 7.5 min. at the level of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3mg/kg of body weight and the sedation times taken were 0.5, 1 and 2 hours, respectively. 2. Packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte counts and leucocyte counts were decreased during sedative periods. 3. Mean corpuscular volume were decreased at the level of 0.1mg/kg during the sedative time, whereas increased at the level of 0.2mg/kg and 0.3mg/kg. 4. Plasma protein contents were decreased continuously up to 4 hours after administration.

수학교육 평가의 새 동향과 제주지역 중학교 수학과 평가의 실태 연구

고봉수,김정두 濟州大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1996 科學敎育 Vol.13 No.-

This study aims to research about the new trends in the evaluation of mathematics education and the present conditions of the evaluation of mathematics study in middle schools in Cheju area. The main purposes of this study are as follows; 1) To survey the present conditions of the evaluation of mathematics study in middle schools in Cheju Province in view of the new trends of mathematics evaluation of NCTM(Nationa1 Council of Teachers of Mathematics), 2) To analyze both the aspects in which the present conditions of Cheju Province correspond and do not correspond with the new trends of the evaluation of mathematics study according to the result of our survey. In this study, the author made use of the questionnaire as the research tool which he prepared for himself at the basis of the new trends of mathematics evaluation of NCTM, and the author surveyed the teachers of mathematics in 40 middle schools, all of Cheju Province.

기약 Tensor연산자와 Wigner-Eckart정리에 대하여

박봉두,고재걸 慶北大學校 1970 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The commutation relations of irreducible tensor operators with the total angular monentum, which are equivalent to the definition with the rotational transformation formula, have been derived. By these commuation relations we have surveyed simple properties of the irreducible tensor operators and Wigner-Eckart theorem. Also the analogy between the irreducible tensor algebra and the vector addition of the total angular momenta, to some extent, has been tried. Lastly, we have found that certain atomic physics problems could be attacked with this tensor method with the aid of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients.

정구선수의 자기관리가 경쟁불안에 미치는 영향

장봉우, 김병두 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 2014 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-management behavior of secondary school male tennis players and the influence of their self-management on competition anxiety in an effort to provide some information on the pre-match self-management and competition anxiety of players and instructors and the improvement of the athletic performance of players. The subjects in this study were 170 male players who participated in the tennis competitions of the national secondary school autumn league in August, 2014. After the importance of this study and the items of the questionnaire to be used were explained to the players, a survey was conducted, and the answer sheets from 158 respondents were analyzed except for 12 ones that were incomplete. The collected data were analyzed by a statistical package SPSS 22.0. A frequency analysis was made to find out the general characteristics of the secondary school male tennis players, and an exploratory factor analysis was made to verify the validity of the variables. Cronbach‘s alpha coefficients were calculated to test reliability, and t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to see if there would be any differences in self-management and competition anxiety according to their career and prize-winning experience. Besides, a correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were made to determine the correlation and influential relationship of self-management and competition anxiety. The findings of the study were as follows: First, there were differences among the secondary school male tennis players in self-management according to their player career, class and prize-winning experience among general characteristics. Second, there were no differences among the secondary school male tennis players in competition anxiety according to their player career, class and prize-winning experience among general characteristics. Third, the self-management of the secondary school male tennis players exercised an influence on their competition anxiety. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that there were differences among the secondary school male tennis players in self-management according to their player career, class and prize-winning experience, and that self-management had an impact on competition anxiety and its sub factors. Therefore it will produce better results and serve to maximize the athletic performance of secondary school male tennis players if their instructors guide them by map out teaching plans and strategies in consideration of the findings of the study.

허혈양상화, Adenosine 및 Pinacidil이 허혈 및 재관류후 흰쥐넙다리곧은근에서 Superoxide dismutase발현에 미치는 영향

백두진,유영미,황규성,안동춘,정호삼,강봉균 대한체질인류학회 2000 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.13 No.1

본 실험은 흰쥐에서 나타나는 허혈양상화의 효과와 그 발생기전을 규명하고자 하였다. 실험동물로는 300-350g 내외의 숫흰쥐를 사용하였으며 온엉덩동맥을 2시간 결찰한 후, 3시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간 및 72시간 재관류시켰으며, 온엉덩동맥을 5분간 결찰하고 5분간 재관류시키는 과정을 3회 반복하여 허혈양상화시키거나 시술적전 adenosine 혹은 pinacidil을 투여하고 같은 방법으로 허혈 및 재관류시켰다. 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine 혹은 glibenclmide 투여하고 허혈양상화시킨 다음 허혈 및 재관류시키고 넙다리곧은근을 적출하여 파라핀절편을 제작하고 in situ hybridization 조직화학법으로 Cu, Zn 및 Mn-SOD mRNA의 발현을 비교관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 모든 실험군 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn 및 Mn-SOD mRNA는 단면적이 작은 근육섬유에서만 발현되었다. 2. 정상대조군 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn- 및 Mn -SOD mRNA는 약하게 발현되였다. 3. 허혈 및 재관류군에서는 재관류 시간경과에 따라 넙다리곧은근에서 CU, Zn-SOD mRNA는 중등도로 발현되었고, Mn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 3시간 및 6시간 경과시 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었으며 재관류 12시간 경과시 약하게 혹은 미약하게 발현되었고, 24시간 경과시에는 중등도로 발현되었으며 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었다. 4. 허혈양상화 처치로 넙다리곧은근에서는 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA의 발현이 증가하여 12시간 경과시 중등도로 발현되었고 24시간 경과시 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었으며 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었다. Mn-SOD mRNA 는 처치후 12시간 경과시 중등도로 발현되였고 24시간 경과시 중등도 혹은 강하게 발현되었으며 72시간 경과시 약하게 발현되었다. 5. 허혈양상화 허혈 및 재관류군에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 6시간까지 중등도로 발현되었으며 재관류 12시간 및 24시간 경과시에는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되였고 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되였다. Mn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 12시간까지 중등도로 발현되었고 24시간 경과시 중등도 혹은 강하게 발현되었으며 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었다. 6. Adenosine 투여후 허혈 및 재관류시에는 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 12시간 경과시까지 중등도로 발현되었고 재관류 24시간 경과시에는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되였으며 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었다. 7. Pinacidil 투여후 허혈 및 재관류시에는 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 6시간까지 중등도로 발현되었고 재관류 12시간 경과시에는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었으며 재관류 24시간 및 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었다. 8. 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine 투여후 허혈양상화 허혈 및 재관류시 넙다리곧은곤에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 3시간까지 중등도로 발현되였고 재관류 6시간 및 12시간에는 약하게 흑은 중등도로 발현되었으며 재관류 24시간 및 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되였다. Mn-SOD mRNA를 재관류 3시간까지 약하게 발현되었고 재관류 12시간까지 중등도 혹은 약하게 발현되였으며, 재관류 24시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었고 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 중등도로 발현되었다. 9. Glibenclamide 투여후 허혈양상화 허혈 및 재관류시에는 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 24시간까지 중등도로 발현되었고, 재관류 72시간 경과시까지는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었다. Mn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 기간을 통하여 중등도로 발현되었다. 이상의 소견을 종합하면 허혈 및 재관류시 Cu, Zn- 및 SOD mRNA의 발현은 증가하였고 허혈양상화로 특히 Mn-SOD mRNA의 발현이 증가하였으며, 허혈양상화의 효과는 adenosine A_(1) 수용체와 K_(ATP) 통로의 자극과 밀접한 연관이 있는 것으로 결론 지을 수 있다. A brief episode of ischemia and reperfusion termed 'ischemic preconditioning' has been established as rendering muscle tolerance to damage during a subsequent prolonged ischemia. The effects of ischemic preconditioning in the cardiac muscle are related to the stimulation of adenosine A, receptor and the opening of KATP channel. The effect and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in the skeletal muscle are not known clearly. The superoxide radical injures the skeletal muscle during the ischemia and reperfusion. There are two types of SOD, which metabolizes the superoxide radicals to H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2), in the cell. One of them is Cu, Zn-SOD in the cytoplasm and the other is Mn-SOD in the mitochondria. The activities of SOD are increased against the formation of superoxide radical during the reperfusion. The author performed the present study to investigate the effect and the mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning by measuring the expression of SOD mRNA on timely reperfused ischemic muscles. The healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 300g to 350g were used as experimental animals. Under pentobarbital(50 mg/kg) anesthesia, lower abdominal incision was done and left common iliac artery was occluded by vascular clamp for 2 hours. Rectus femoris muscles were obtained respectively at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours after reperfusion. The ischemic preconditioning group underwent three episodes of 5minute occlusion and 5minute reperfusion of common iliac artery followed by 2hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion. Adenosine (50 ㎍/kg) or pinacidil(1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously before ischemia. 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine(15 mg/kg) or glibenclamide(0.5 mg/g) was administered intravenously before ischemic preconditioning. Paraffin sections with 4 ㎛ thickness in all groups were obtained. The expression of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD mRNA was observed by use of in situ hybridization. The results obtained were as follows. I. The expression of SOD mRNA was seen only in small muscle fibers of the rectus femoris muscle of the rat. 2. Weak expressions of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD mRNA were observed in the normal control rat. 3. After 2 hours of ischemia, moderate expression of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA was observed until 72 hours of reperfusion. Weak or moderate expression of Mn-SOD mRNA at 3 hours and 6 hours of reperfusion, weak or trace expression at 12 hours of reperfusion, moderate expression at 24hours of reperfusion and weak or moderate expression at 72hours of reperfusion were observed. 4. After ischemic preconditioning, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of reperfusion. Moderate expressions of Mn -SOD mRNA were seen in the group of 0, 3, 6 and 12hours of reperfusion and strong expression was seen in the group of 24hours of reperfusion after ischemic preconditioning. 5. After 2 hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditoining, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours of reperfusion. Moderate expressions of Mn-SOD mRNA were observed in the groups of 0, 3, 6, and 12 hours of reperfusion and moderate or strong expression was seen in the group of 24 hours of reperfusion. 6. After 2 hours of ischemia with the pretreatment of adenosine, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRN A were seen in the group of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24hours of reperfusion. Moderate expression of Mn-SOD mRNA in the groups and 3 hours of reperfusion, strong expression in the group of 6 and 12 hours of reperfusion and moderate expression in the group of 24hours of reperfusion were seen. 7. After 2 hours of ischemia with the pretreatment of pinacidil, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 0, 3, 6 and 12 hours of reperfusion and those of Mn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours ofreperfusion. 8. After 2hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditioning and the pretreatment of 8 -cyclopentyl- l,3dipropylxanthine, moderate expression of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were observed in the groups of 0, 3, 6. and 12hours of reperfusion and those of Mn-SOD were seen in the groups of 6, 12 and 72hours of reperfusion. 9. After 2hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditioning and the pretreatment of glibenclamide, moderate expressions of CU, Zn-and Mn-SOD mRNA were seen in all groups of reperfusion. Consequently, these results suggest that the expression of Cu, Zn and Mn-SOD mRNA increases during 2hours ischemia and reperfusion with or without ischemic preconditioning. The effects of ischemic preconditioning are closely related to the stimulation of adenosine A₁receptor and K.ATP channel.

酪農經營珍斷에 關한 調査硏究 : 釜山市 酪農家를 中心으로

韓鳳羽,金容斗,李秉達 東亞大學校 1968 東亞論叢 Vol.5 No.-

本 調査硏究는 酪農經營의 合理化와 酪農所得의 極大化를 圖謀하기 爲한 方策을 究明하기 爲하여 着手한 것으로 釜山市內 酪農家中에서 20戶를 選定하여 1967年 5月 1日부터 11月 30日까지 經營實態의 調査와 分析을 通하여 經營의 改善點을 發見하고 經營의 合理化 方案을 提示하였는데 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 飼育頭數 225頭中 窄乳牛 120頭, 乾乳牛 18頭, 育成牛(♂包含) 87頭며 窄乳牛率(窄乳牛 頭數/總飼養 頭數×100) 53% 乾乳牛率(乾乳牛 頭數/成牛 頭數×100) 13% 育成牛率(育成牛 頭數/成牛 頭數×100) 63%였다. 2. 窄乳牛(乾乳牛 包含) 138頭의 1頭 年平均 産乳量은 3,690kg였다. 3. 窄乳牛에 對한 飼料給與量은 1日 1頭 平均 濃厚飼料 9.4kg 粗飼料(風乾物) 9.0kg이며 養分含量은 TDN 9.09kg, DCP 1.24kg인데 標準(NRC)보다 TDN 53%, DCP 82%를 過量供給하고 있다. 한편 粗飼料量이 全體飼料量의 50% 未滿인데 이것은 經濟面이나 乳牛能力 增進面으로 볼 때 不利함으로 60% 以上으로 하여야 한다. 4. 生産費의 項目別 比率은 飼料費 44%, 勞動費 27%, 肥料 및 材料費 5%, 賃貸料 및 地代 5%, 乳牛 및 建物償却費 16%, 小農具費 및 其他 3%로 되어있다. 5. 牛乳生産費는 牛乳 1kg當 平均 32.25원인데 1kg當 乳價가 43.2원이기 때문에 牛乳 1kg當 10.95원의 收益을 얻고 있는데 牛乳 1kg當 28원 以下가 되도록 努力하여야 한다. 6.1頭當 年平均 勞動時間이 470時間인데 1人이 8~10頭를 管理하려면 365時間 以下가 되어야 한다. 7. 調査한 酪農家中 黑字經營이 14戶, 赤子經營이 6戶인바 年間 1頭當 純收益이 平均 2萬원으로 所得率이 낮았다. 8. 酪農經營의 診斷에 있어서 牛乳代와 飼料 및 勞動費만을 가지고 經營의 採算點을 生産面에서 把握하는 것은 簡易한 判斷을 爲하여 意義 있는 일이며 今般 調査한 結果를 보면 牛乳代 17,596원, 粗收益中 牛乳代 比率 86%, 飼料 및 勞動費 11,781千원, 生産費中 飼料 및 勞動費 比率 71%이므로 採算指數(牛乳代÷粗收益中 牛乳代比率/飼料 및 勞動費 ÷生産費中 飼料 및 勞動費比率=粗收益/生産費)는 1.29가 된다. 1頭當 年 35,000원의 所得을 爲해서는 採算指數가 1.5가 넘어야 한다. 蛇足 본 調査硏究는 1967年度 文敎部 學術硏究 助成費로 이루어진 것으로 硏究費를 補助해준 文敎當局에 對하여 深甚한 謝意를 表하는 바이다. 또한 調査에 協力하여 주신 釜山市牛乳協同組合과 釜山市 酪農家 畜産同人 諸位에 對하여 깊은 感謝를 드리는 바이다. This report aims to get a rationalization of dairy fanning and maximization of dairy income. In order to gain the suvey, I have selected -'0 dairy farm-houses in Pusan city. Then I have been caught some points of farm improvement and presented some rational plan of dairy farming through farm business survey and analysis from 1 May to 30 Nov. 1967. The summalized results of the research are as follows; 1. Out of 225 heads were milking-cow 120 heads, dry-up-cow 18 heads, rasing cattle 87 heads. 2. Average milk yield per a year of 138 heads milking-cow(including dry-up-cow) was 3.690kg. 3. Average 9.4kg of concentrate and 9.Okg of rougiiage(air dry matter) for milking-cow per a head were the daily feeding ration, nutrient content was 9.09kg of TDN and 1.24. kg of DCP, these content were more 53% of TDN and 82% of DCP than feeding standard (NRC). 4. The feed cost was 44%, the cost of labor 27%, manure and materials cost 5%, charge for renting and land rent 5%, depreciation cost of dairy cattle and building 16%, cost of small farming tools and other cost 3% of the total production cost. 5. Average production cost of milk per 1kg of milk was 32.25 won. average profit per 1kg of milk was 10.95 won (milk price was 43.2 won per 1kg). But it may be less than 28 won per 1kg of milk. 6. Average working time per 1 head of a year was 470 hours. But it may be less than 350 hours for the management of 8~10 heads per 1 person. 7. Out of the dairy farm-households surveyed, 11 houses were in the blade farming and 6 houses were in the red farming. Average pure profit per 1 head of a year was gained 20 thousand won that the rate of income may low. 8. Acording to the method of a simply commercial profit was gained to the rate of milk price for the gross profit and the rate of feed and labor cost for the production cost. Average commercial profit index has show 1.29 in the result of this farm survey. Commercial Profit index = milk price/rate of milk price for gross profit/cost of feed & labor/rate of feed & labor cost for production cost x 100 =17,956 thousand won/0.86/11,781 thousand won/0.71 x 100=1.29 It may be over 1.5 of the cmmercial profit index for 35 thousand won of the income per 1 head of a year.