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Duck-Joo Rhie,Ho Young Kang,Gyeong Ryul Ryu,Myung-Jun Kim,Shin Hee Yoon,Sang June Hahn,Do Sik Min,Yang-Hyeok Jo,Myung-Suk Kim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2003 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.4
Interneuron diversity is one of the key factors to hinder understanding the mechanism of cortical neural network functions even with their important roles. We characterized inhibitory interneurons in layer II/III of the rat primary visual cortex, using patch-clamp recording and confocal reconstruction, and classified inhibitory interneurons into fast spiking (FS), late spiking (LS), burst spiking (BS), and regular spiking non-pyramidal (RSNP) neurons according to their electrophysiological characteristics. Global parameters to identify inhibitory interneurons were resting membrane potential (<FONT FACE= 바탕 >>70 mV) and action potential (AP) width (<FONT FACE= 바탕 ><0.9 msec at half amplitude). FS could be differentiated from LS, based on smaller amplitude of the AP (<FONT FACE= 바탕 ><∼50 mV) and shorter peak-to-trough time (P-T time) of the afterhyperpolarization (<FONT FACE= 바탕 ><4 msec). In addition to the shorter AP width, RSNP had the higher input resistance (<FONT FACE= 바탕 >>200 M<FONT FACE= 바탕 >Ω) and the shorter P-T time (<FONT FACE= 바탕 ><20 msec) than those of regular spiking pyramidal neurons. Confocal reconstruction of recorded cells revealed characteristic morphology of each subtype of inhibitory interneurons. Thus, our results provide at least four subtypes of inhibitory interneurons in layer II/III of the rat primary visual cortex and a classification scheme of inhibitory interneurons.
Original Article : Factors influencing the severity of acute viral hepatitis A
( Joo Il Kim ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Oh Sang Kwon ),( Yeon Suk Kim ),( Yang Suh Ku ),( Duck Joo Choi ),( Ju Hyun Kim ) 대한간학회 2010 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.16 No.3
Background/Aims: Most patients with acute viral hepatitis A have a favorable course, but a few of them suffer from severe forms of hepatitis such as fulminant hepatitis. This study was carried out to identify the factors influencing the severity of acute viral hepatitis A. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 713 patients with acute hepatitis A, who were divided into two groups: severe hepatitis A (N=87) and non-severe hepatitis A (N=626). Severe hepatitis was defined as fulminant hepatitis or prolongation of prothrombin time (INR≥1.5). Clinical variables were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of fulminant hepatitis was 1.4 % (10/713) in patients with acute hepatitis A. Thirty-three (4.6 %) cases exhibited HBsAg positivity. In multivariate analyses, significant alcohol intake and the presence of HBsAg were significant predictive factors of fulminant hepatitis A, and significant alcohol intake and age were significant predictive factors of severe hepatitis A. HBeAg and HBV-DNA status did not affect the clinical course of hepatitis A in chronic hepatitis B carriers. Conclusions: While most patients with acute hepatitis A have an uncomplicated clinical course, our data suggest that a more-severe clinical course is correlated with being older, significant alcohol intake, and chronic hepatitis-B-virus infection. (Korean J Hepatol 2010;16:295-300)
Rhie, Duck-Joo,Kang, Ho-Young,Ryu, Gyeong-Ryul,Kim, Myung-Jun,Yoon, Shin-Hee,Hahn, Sang-June,Min, Do-Sik,Jo, Yang-Hyeok,Kim, Myung-Suk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2003 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.7 No.6
Interneuron diversity is one of the key factors to hinder understanding the mechanism of cortical neural network functions even with their important roles. We characterized inhibitory interneurons in layer II/III of the rat primary visual cortex, using patch-clamp recording and confocal reconstruction, and classified inhibitory interneurons into fast spiking (FS), late spiking (LS), burst spiking (BS), and regular spiking non-pyramidal (RSNP) neurons according to their electrophysiological characteristics. Global parameters to identify inhibitory interneurons were resting membrane potential (>-70 mV) and action potential (AP) width (<0.9 msec at half amplitude). FS could be differentiated from LS, based on smaller amplitude of the AP (<∼50 mV) and shorter peak-to-trough time (P-T time) of the afterhyperpolarization (<4 msec). In addition to the shorter AP width, RSNP had the higher input resistance (>200 $M{Omega}$) and the shorter P-T time (<20 msec) than those of regular spiking pyramidal neurons. Confocal reconstruction of recorded cells revealed characteristic morphology of each subtype of inhibitory interneurons. Thus, our results provide at least four subtypes of inhibitory interneurons in layer II/III of the rat primary visual cortex and a classification scheme of inhibitory interneurons.
Effect of Liposome Storage of Cyanocobalamin on Its Degradation by Ascorbic Acid
이진우,Yang Joo Hwan,Kim Kyung Seok,Park Geum Duck 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.1
The demand of food supplements is increasing. Recently, coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak seems to accelerate it including vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin). One problem of handling cyanocobalamin is that it degrades when mixed with other ingredients, of which ascorbic acid is the most reactive, easily degrading this compound. In this study, in order to seek a way to protect cyanocobalamin against the action of ascorbic acid, cyanocobalamin-loaded liposomes (CLs) were prepared, and their stability was compared to free cyanocobalamin in an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid at 25, 40, and 70°C for up to 7 weeks. CLs was more resistant to the degradation by ascorbic acid than the free cyanocobalamin. The effect of liposomes was more definite at higher temperature. In addition to CLs, cyanocobalaminloaded chitosan-coated liposome was prepared and tested for its stability under the same conditions. But the result was almost the same with that of CLs. These findings suggest that the loading into liposomes is effective in protecting this vitamin against the degradation by ascorbic acid. Thus, the application of this liposome technology will be a useful way to formulate this vitamin for enhancing its stability.
새만금간척지에서 뚱딴지(Helianthus tuberosus L.) 재배시 염류 특성 변화 및 적정 자원 선발
오양열 ( Yang-yeol Oh ),이정태 ( Jung-tae Lee ),홍하철 ( Ha-cheol Hong ),김재현 ( Jae-hyun Kim ),서우덕 ( Woo-duck Seo ),김선 ( Sun Kim ),류진희 ( Jin-hee Ryu ),이수환 ( Su-hwan Lee ),김영주 ( Young-joo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.2
2016년 한국에서 재배 및 유통되고 있는 뚱딴지 12점을 수집하여, 새만금간척지에 재배하였다. 간척지 적응성을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 뚱딴지를 간척지에 재배하였을 때, 간척지 특성상 0.3% 이상일 때 밭작물 재배가 어려운데, 개화 전 8월 가뭄으로 인하여 토양 염농도가 전체적으로 0.3%이상 올라갔음에도 초장 및 수량으로 보았을 때 높은 염농도에 대한 적응성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 2. 개화기 무렵 꽃이 50%이상 피었을 때 뚱딴지 초장을 조사한 결과 WY3와 WI1가 207 cm, 202 cm로 가장 컸으며 WG1, WH1, PS1 144 cm, 139 cm, 131 cm로 가장 작았다. 3. 11월 뚱딴지를 수확하여 수량을 확인한 결과 흰색 뚱딴지는 WG1이 549 kg/10 a, WH1이 477 kg/10 a로 가장 많은 수량을 나타내었으며, 자색 뚱딴지에서는 PY4와 PY1이 각각 10 a당 615 kg, 584 kg로 우수한 수량을 보였다. 4. 수집한 뚱딴지 12점의 이눌린 함량을 분석한 결과 PY1이 33.9 g/100 g으로 가장 많은 이눌린 함량을 보였으며, 다음으로 D2가 33.7 g/100 g으로 많았다 결론적으로 내염성이 우수한 뚱딴지가 간척지에서도 적응할 수 있는 것으로 판단되며, 수집 뚱딴지 중 흰색은 수량 및 이눌린함량을 고려하여 G1이 간척지에 적합할 것으로 보이며, 자색은 Y1이 이눌린함량이 두 번째로 많지만, 수량과의 관계를 고려할 때 간척지에서 재배하는데 더 적합한 것으로 판단된다. 각각 색깔별로 우수한 뚱딴지 2점을 가지고 내염성 및 간척지 재배법에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 보인다. BACKGROUND: Soil salinity of reclaimed tidal land in Korea is highly important factor. High salinity is harmful to crop productivity. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is known to be salt-tolerant and has high adaptability to diverse pedo-climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the changes of soil properties and crop productivity according to salt concentration in the reclaimed tidal lands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Experimental sites were selected at Saemangeum (35°46’N, 126°37’E) reclaimed tidal land, and their dominant soil series were Munpo (coarse loamy, mixed, non-acid, mesic, typic Fluvaquents). H. tuberosus L were collected from 12 locations across Korea. Tubers were planted at 75×25 cm with EC 2 to 7 dS m<sup>-1</sup>. Soil samples were periodically collected from both 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm depths of each site. Soil salinity and soil moisture contents were varied depending on weather conditions. Soil electrical conductivity varied from 1.0 to 5.9 dS m<sup>-1</sup>, and soil moisture contents varied from 9.2 to 28.7%. The white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from `Yeongwol-gun’exhibited the highest height (207 cm), followed by the white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from‘Iksan-si’(202 cm). The white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from ‘GyeongJu-si’showed the highest yield (549 kg/10a). The purple-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from ‘Yeongwol-gun’showed the highest yield (615 kg/10a). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the plant height and tuber yield did not appear to be correlated. Considering yield and inulin content, the GyeongJu-si seemed to be suitable as the white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. and the Yeongwol-gun seemed to be suitable as the purplecolored tubers of H. tuberosus L. in the reclaimed tidal lands. However, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the inulin content and the yield.