마그네슘 풍부 해양미네랄 용액이 hairless 마우스의 아토피성 피부염에 미치는 영향

김동희,이규재,최주봉,이영미,윤양숙,김정례,장병수,양용석 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease that often has asthma and allergic rhinitis. Magnesium salts, the important component of minerals in Dead Sea water, are known to exhibit beneficial effects in inflammatory disease. Favorable effects of magnesium ions and sea water treated to the skin of patients with contact dermatitis have been reported. But histological and immunological investigations are insufficient. This study was performed to examine the inhibitory effect of magnesium-rich sea mineral water on the development of AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice. AD-like skin lesions are induced by the repeated application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Local application of magnesium-rich sea mineral water on hairless mice skin applied with DNCB inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as exemplified by a significant increase in skin hydration (p<0.01), and a decrease in epidermal water loss (p<0.01). Serum IgE level was also significantly decreased (p<0.01). These results suggest that magnesiumrich sea mineral water inhibits the development of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice. These observations indicate that magnesium-rich sea mineral water may be alternative and assistant substances for the management of AD. 아토피성 피부염은 주로 천식과 비염 등을 동반하는, 주위에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 만성 염증성 피부질환으로 유전학적, 환경적, 면역학적 요인이 복잡하게 연관되어 발병한다. 해수에 포함된 마그네슘염은 피부에 작용하여 피부장벽을 보호하는 것으로 알려지고 그에 대한 면역학적인 연구와 조직학적 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 이번 연구에서는 피부염을 인위적으로 일으키는 hapten 형성물질인 DNCB를 hairless mice에 도포하여 아토피 피부염 동물 모델로 만든 후, 마그네슘이 다량 함유된 해양 미네랄수를 처리한 후 피부장벽에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. DNCB로 피부염을 유발한 hairless mice에 해양미네랄수를 국소적으로 도포하였을 때 유의한 피부수분함량이 증가와 경피수분손실의 감소를 확인하였다 (p<0.01). 피부측정에서 피부거칠기(skin roughness, p<0.05)와 스케일생성 (skin scaliness, p<0.01)은 실험군에서 유의한 개선효과를 나타내었으며 조직학적 검사에서도 피부손상지수의 유의한 감소 (p<0.01)와 비만세포와 (p<0.01) 호산구의 감소(p<0.05) 소견을 보였고 또한 혈청 IgE의 감소를 관찰할 수 있었다(p<0.01). 이상과 같이 마그네슘이 다량 함유된 해양 미네랄수 도포는 피부장벽의 손상을 줄이고 피부수분손실을 효과적으로 줄임으로 아토피성 피부염 증상 유발을 억제할수 있음을 확인하였다. 현재까지 아토피성 피부염의 관리를 위하여 세라마이드나 식물성 오일의 보습제가 주로 활용되고 있는 상황에서 부가적인 피부장벽의 보호를 위하여 탈염 해양 미네랄수의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되며 장기적으로 아토피 피부염치료의 대체, 혹은 보조적 물질로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

연령이 다른 Bald/Caj 생쥐의 피부창상치유중 섬유모세포의 동원

유영현,김동환,고재승,한성수,한성수,한성수 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.4

Characterization of proteinase A excretion from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in high sugar stress conditions

Dong, Liang,Li, Feng,Piao, Yongzhe,Sun, Dong,Zhao, Rui,Li, Cheng,Cong, Lina,Zhao, Changxin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

High sugar concentration culturing was commonly used in modern fermentation industry. However, it leads to the reduction of the foam stability in beer brewing due to the excess secretion of proteinase A. To better understand the characterization of proteinase A excretion from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in high sugar stress conditions, the cultures were grown by using YNB medium with a high concentration of glucose. Pro-PrA isolated from the medium was purified by gel exclusion chromatography, and the PrA activity was detected using fluorescent substrate analysis. The relative molecular weight of the purified PrA and pro-PrA was estimated at 42 and 54 kDa, respectively, by SDS-PAGE. It indicated that the metabolic behavior of PrA in the high glucose culturing was quite different from the normal conditions, and glucose concentration may have a big influence on its secreted process. Further study showed that PrA was released at the logarithmic growth phase of the culturing, and the amount of PrA was 11 times higher compared with the normal culturing. PrA was considered to be activated by itself under acidic conditions. And it was also confirmed in this work that the step-wise pathway for the autoactivation known as a pseudo-PrA has a major contribution to the autoactivation process of PrA zymogen outside the cell.

Hexadecanoic Acid from Buzhong Yiqi Decoction Induced Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Dong-Feng Chen,Xican Li,Zhiwei Xu,Xiaobing Liu,Shao-Hui Du,Hui Li,Jian-Hong Zhou,He-Ping Zeng,Zi-Chun Hua 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4

Buzhong Yiqi decoction (BYD) is a well-known ancient tonic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The purpose of this study is to identify active components of BYD involved in promoting proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to investigate its mechanism. BYD was extracted with petroleum ether, ethanol, and water. Evidence provided by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, bromodeoxyuridine, proliferation cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity, cell cycle analysis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that hexadecanoic acid (HA) in BYD extracted with petroleum ether is the active compound responsible for increasing proliferation of MSCs. Western blot analysis show that HA significantly increase retinoic acid receptor (RAR) levels of MSCs, but not estrogen receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, vitamin D receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that HA significantly increased RAR mRNA levels. Furthermore, the mechanism of HA action depends on RAR pathway and up-regulates expression of mRNA for insulin-like growth factor-I, the target gene of RAR. Our findings have now allowed for a refinement in our understanding of TCM with respect to pharmacological regulation of stem cells and may be useful to stem cell biology and therapy.

Formation Control Strategy for Underactuated Unmanned Surface Vehicles Subject to Unknown Dynamics and External Disturbances with Input Saturation

Dong-Dong Mu,Guo-Feng Wang,Yun-Sheng Fan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.11

This paper addresses the formation tracking control problem of multiple underactuated unmanned surface vehicles. Considering many actual situations, a practical formation control scheme, which is performed by using a leader-follower approach, minimum learning parameter technique, adaptive technology and so on. Firstly, a virtual unmanned surface vehicle is designed according to the location information of the leader unmanned surface vehicle to estimate the leader’s speed information while reducing the communication bandwidth. Secondly, a formationcontrol law is designed to make the follower underactuated unmanned surface vehicles track the leader. Unknown dynamics and external disturbances are regarded as a whole and compensated by the minimum learning parameter technique instead of multi-layer neural network and the neural shunt model can handle multiple derivation problems of virtual control laws. Meanwhile, the robustness of the controlled system is improved through adaptive technology. Besides, an auxiliary design system is employed to constrain the output range of the control law. Finally, numerical simulations are implemented to prove the feasibility of the formation tracking control strategy.

A Time-Varying Lookahead Distance of ILOS Path Following for Unmanned Surface Vehicle

Dong-Dong Mu,Guo-Feng Wang,Yun-Sheng Fan 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.5

This paper is concerned with the path following control for an unmanned surface vessel subject to unknown dynamics and external disturbance. Firstly, an integral Line-of-Sight navigation strategy based on a fuzzy strategy to optimize lookahead distance to achieve faster convergence speed is proposed. Then a novel adaptive course control law based on trajectory linearization control technology is proposed, which is combined with the integral Line-of-Sight navigation strategy to form a complete unmanned surface vessel path following strategy. From the author’s point of view, this is the fi rst time that trajectory linearization control technology has been applied to the path following scheme by controlling the course. At the same time, in order to improve the robustness of the path following system, the unknown dynamics, external disturbance, and error in the system are compensated by neural network minimum learning parameter method with less computational complexity and a robust term, respectively. Furthermore, hyperbolic tangent function, Nussbaum function, and neural shunting model are introduced into the design of control law to solve the potential input saturation problem. Finally, the numerical simulation experiments of straight line and curve path following are given to prove the feasibility and universality of the whole set of path following scheme.

Influence of the temperature and hydraulic retention time in bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

Feng, Qing,Song, Young-Chae,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Mi-Sun,Kim, Dong-Hoon Elsevier 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.44 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>At ambient temperature (25 °C), bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge was investigated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 days and compared to that at a mesophilic condition (35 °C). The methane production and methane content in the biogas at ambient temperature were 612.8 mL/L·d and 73.3%, respectively, which were not significantly lower than that of the mesophilic condition. Additionally, the VS removal was 54.5% which was similar for both temperature conditions. However, for a HRT of 20 days, the bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion at ambient temperature became more stable, and the VS removal improved up to 65.0%. For the HRT of 10 days, the net energy production at ambient temperature was about 168 kJ/L·d, which was similar to the mesophilic condition; however, the apparent energy efficiency at ambient temperature was 249.2% which was significantly higher than 197.7% at the mesophilic condition. The bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion that can save the thermal energy input at ambient temperature is recommended for the treatment of organic waste including sewage sludge in moderate and cold climate regions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion (BEAD) has advantages at ambient temperature. </LI> <LI> CH<SUB>4</SUB> production at 25 °C in BEAD is not significantly reduced compared to 35 °C. </LI> <LI> Apparent energy efficiency (249.2%) at 25 °C in BEAD is higher than at 197.2% at 35 °C. </LI> <LI> Extending HRT in BEAD improves the process stability and VS removal at 25 °C. </LI> <LI> BEAD for organic waste at 25 °C is a feasible process in moderate and cold regions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Interpretative and Legislative Approach to Climate Change Subsidies under the WTO Mechanism

Feng Dong xu(풍동옥),Lee Eun Sup(이은섭) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2014 통상법률 Vol.- No.117

In order to address climate change issues, governments may seek to provide subsidies for the climate friendly projects or the production of climate friendly products. Indeed, many countries already have begun to incorporate subsidies into their plans for addressing climate change. Subsidy policies inevitably affect international trade measures, the application of which would lead to issues about whether they are WTO-consistent. The principal restraint on climate change subsidies could be found in the SCM Agreement. If climate change subsidy policies are designed and applied in manners that are not specific to an industry or certain industries, they will not be challenged under the SCM Agreement. In addition, if such subsidies are specific but fall within specified exceptions outlined in Article 8.2 of the SCM Agreement, they would also be considered non-actionable and not be challenged. However, these exceptions expired at the end of 1999 and have not been renewed. Since the existing SCM Agreement no longer contains general exceptions or “saving” clauses for legitimate environmental measures, the majority of climate change subsidies would fall within the concept of actionable or prohibited subsidies. Therefore, the application of such subsidies would be incompatible with the SCM Agreement provisions. Although Members can design their subsidy policies to make them meet the SCM Agreement requirements, they will lose a number of effective subsidies and may be impeded by the potential challenges. In order to reduce the risk that climate friendly subsidy policies could be challengeable under the SCM Agreement provisions, and encourage Members to reduce GHG emissions and address climate change, the existing SCM Agreement should be modified. This paper examines whether WTO rules promote the best use of subsidies. It firstly introduces the practice of the climate change subsidies in many countries, and argues that not all subsidies have negative effects from an environmental perspective and certain subsidy policies could play a positive role in addressing climate change issues. Part III discusses the potential conflicts between climate change subsidies and provisions under the SCM Agreement, and then, Part IV suggests that the existing SCM Agreement should be modified inorder to permit certain climate friendly subsidy policies and to encourage Members to address climate change issues.

Border Tax Adjustment on Imports Responding to Climate Change under the WTO Rules

Feng, Dong-xu,Lee Eun-Sup(이은섭) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2013 통상법률 Vol.- No.113

There has been a growing concern that greenhouse gas emissions could make the phenomenon of climate change more serious. In order to slow down this phenomenon, the greenhouse gas emissions have to be reduced. Imposing a tax on carbon and energy is considered as an effective way to encourage a more efficient use of fossil fuels and energy. However, this kind of tax, in effect, will make carbon/energy-intensive products more expensive and thus change the terms of competition. To offset these additional costs and eliminate the competitive disadvantage, the system of border tax adjustments was introduced. Border tax adjustments responding to climate change would address the competitiveness concerns on domestic industries, and accordingly may reduce the resistance of these industries to greenhouse gas reduction regulation. The border tax adjustments have been applied from the beginning of GATT, however, the intricacies of them for climate change-based regulations have yet to become totally clear. In order to gain its legitimacy under the current multilateral trading mechanism, a border tax adjustment measure must be designed and applied in a way to be in compliance with WTO rules. For this, the focus should be put on how the climate change-related border tax adjustment measures can be designed and applied so as to avoid WTO-illegal questions. The article introduces the background and definition of border tax adjustment, which are followed by the conflicts and harmonization of the adjustment with the WTO’s principle and provisions. Throughout the article, the focus is put on how the climate change-related border tax adjustments can be designed and applied so as to avoid the WTO-contradictory issues and questions. If a country embarks on a carefully designed measure of border carbon/ energy tax adjustments, these measures could secure the legality under the WTO mechanism. This means that border tax adjustment could be one of the efficient trade measures to reduce the risk of a market being filled with pollution-intensive imports and accordingly to combat climate change issues under the current WTO mechanism.

The Analysis on China Corporation Income Taxation Level

Feng Shou Dong,김유찬 한국세무학회 2006 세무와 회계저널 Vol.7 No.4

At present, it is most important part in the next tax reform of China to unify the foreign and domestic corporation income taxation (CIT). The paper aims to study the changes of the status of CIT and its actual tax burden for different kind of firms, collecting a lot of relevant data and analyzing from three aspects as follows: that is the ratio of the CIT to total tax revenue, the structure of the CIT; and the tax burden of the CIT. The paper analyzes not only the macro-tax burden, the changes of the taxation level and its structure, but the micro-tax burden of CIT, the differences in the tax burden of domestic and foreign enterprises as well. Finally, the paper set out some proposals in the design of the tax rates and tax burden of the CIT of China.