중국의 미성년범 환형제도(缓刑制度)

오창식(Oh Chang Sik) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2018 法學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

Chinese criminal law has been presented a solution to criminals possessing social hazard and need punishing with governmental authority, But I wonder whether the system to oppose the same criminal sanctions to juvenile delinquency with adult criminal has general preventive effect and special preventive effect or not as we think. Seemingly, if juvenile delinquent takes part in organized crimes of adult and puts a plan into action leadingly, we don’t have to separate juvenile crime from adult one. even though we impose revised legal effect to juvenile delinquent who relatively lacks judgement and consideration, if our judgements of juvenile crime contribute to social maintenance of development, we are willing to select preventive approach to juvenile delinquent than retributive punishment. Based on physiological and psychological immaturity, many countries of the world differentiate juvenile delinquents and adult crimes with age standard, and improve special preventive effect. Since the minors at the time of establishment of related law and the ones present are significantly different, there arise questions whether imposing gentle punishment to juvenile delinquents is fair justice or not. The minors are likely to oppose to the educations and policies that parents as well as teachers related to traditional systems are ready to give them. Sometimes they try to solve problems around them through advice of the friends and social media, also the minors have strong tendency to commit impulsive crimes. Recently, we can observe increased proportion of juvenile delinquents and tendency of impulsiveness and intellectualization which the minors crimes tend to. Even though juvenile delinquent became much more serious than ever and insalutary influence has soared, we cannot disregard their incorrectness and vulnerability of young breakers and punish them with the same level of adult criminal. Maybe it can be our errors if we did not consider the special preventive effect. therefore I will briefly look into the probation system of juvenile offenders ,that was designed to consider characteristics as well as social environments of the minors and guide them to become fair member of society. In addition to preventing cross infection of criminals, probation system improves re-socialization of criminal and special preventive effect. As far as immature juvenile delinquent is concerned, probation system is much more efficient and the effectiveness of correction is significant. Many countries raise the ratio of probation system and prepare the procedure device, Some countries even emphasize on the use of probation system with concrete regulation.

소규모 천이 크리프 조건에서 C<SUB>t</SUB>와 유한요소 영역적분 C와의 관계

오창식(Chang-Sik Oh),김윤재(Yun-Jae Kim),윤기봉(Kee-Bong Yoon) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

This paper proposes the relationship between Ct and contour integral C under small-scale, via elastic-creep finite element analyses. Like J for elastic-plastic fracture, C<SUB>t</SUB> and C(t) characterize the singular crack tip stress and strain rate field. C<SUB>t</SUB> is experimentally evaluated based on the expansion of a creep zone at the crack tip, whereas C(t) can be numerically evaluated using a contour integral definition at the vicinity of the crack tip. C(t) values are typically lower than C<SUB>t</SUB> values, and contour integral can shows significant path dependence under transient creep conditions. However, FE results shows that the contour integral value at the certain amount of distance from crack tip is identical to C<SUB>t</SUB> value. In this paper, relationship between C<SUB>t</SUB> and contour integral C is investigated by using creep zone size.

원자로냉각재계통 압력-온도 제한곡선 기술기준 현황

오창식(Chang-Sik Oh),이상민(Sang-Min Lee),김진수(Jin-Su Kim),최영환(Young-Hwan Choi),김용범(Yong-Beum Kim) 대한기계학회 2015 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.열공학 No.-

중국의 불법감금죄의 적용에 대한 법적 고찰

오창식(Oh Chang-Sik) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2011 東亞法學 Vol.- No.51

중국의 형법에 의하면 불법감금죄는 불법적으로 타인을 감금하거나 기타 수단을 사용하여 타인의 합법적인 권리를 박탈하는 행위를 말한다. 이 중, 채권자 자신의 합법적인 채권을 보전하기 위해 실제생활에서 행해지고 있는 케이스가 있는데, “채권강제형 감금행위”는 독립된 범죄가 아니라 불법감금에 대한 특별한 행위 태양을 말한다. 중국의 사법현실에서는 불법감금과 관련된 많은 이론적, 실제적 논의가 진행되고 있는데, 실제적인 법처리를 담당하는 사법기관에서는 그 범죄의 성질을 정의하는 것에 대해서 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 더욱이 중국의 법적인 지식이 부족한 한국인 기업인들은 불법적인 감금과 채무변제 능력이 없는 채무자에게 행해지는 합법적인 행위의 차이를 구별해 내기 힘든 것이 현실이다. 이러한 연유로 인해, 많은 한국인들이 불법감금의 고통을 겪고 있으나, 적절한 구제가 되고 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 논문은 사법현실에서 발생되어 지고 있는 유사한 케이스의 해결 및 비교분석적인 방법을 통해 중국형법에서의 불법감금죄의 개념을 소개하고, 관련된 사항을 지적하여, 중국의 투자환경 혹은 법적인 문제에 관심이 있는 자들에게 이론적, 실제적인 이해증진을 하고자 한다. 본 논문은 6개의 부분으로 구성되어 있는데, 첫째 파트에서는 불법감금의 실제적인 원인 파악 후, 아국인 기업인들과 중국 현지 정부의 태도 사이에서의 문제점을 지적하고자 한다. 둘째 파트에서는 불법감금죄에 관련된 법적인 견해변화 및 법해석의 변천을 간단히 소개하고자 한다. 셋째 파트에서는 불법감금죄의 구성요건에 대해서 분석하고자 한다. 넷째 파트에서는 불법감금죄와 유사한 범죄사이에서의 비교분석을 하고자 한다. 다섯째 파트에서는 불법감금죄와 납치죄의 가장 중요한 요소상의 차이라 할 수 있는 채권의 유무 및 적절성에 대한 고찰을 시도하고자 한다. 여섯째 파트에서는 납치죄와의 간단한 비교분석을 실시할 예정이다. According to the criminal law of the People’s Republic of China, The Illegal Detention Crime is the behavior of illegal detain others or illegal deprive liberty rights of others by other means. There is one case of illegal detain others for debts, and it is called “Crime of illegal Detention for debts”. It is not an independent crime, but a special circumstance of the illegal Detention Crime. But there are many disputes in the theoretics and justice Practice. Dealing with the complicated situation of justice Practice, Chinese Law enforcements have problems in determining the nature of that sort of crime. Furthermore, It’s much more difficult for foreign investors just like Korean merchants who lack of chinese legal knowledge to tell Illegal detention crime from legal action toward an insolvent debtor. Because of this facts, Many korean suffered from the pain of detain, but could not have proper release, with resolving similar cases in justice Practice and comparative analysis methods, this paper is about to introduce the concept the chinese detention crime and related problems to some groups who want to know the realities of chinese investment environment and legal problems. This paper is composed of six elements: Part one quotes the reasons of Detention crime, and then point out the problems between koreans merchants and chinese government attitude. Part two introduces the legal determination changes about Detention Crime and law interpretation. Part three analyzes the ingredients of Detention Crime. Part four makes comparative analysis between Detention Crime and Similar crimes. Part five indicates proper debt problems in Detention Crime. Part six makes a brief comparison about Kidnapping Crime.

중국의 장애인범죄에 대한 고찰

오창식 ( Chang Sik Oh ) 이실학회(구 한국경찰이론과실무학회) 2011 경찰연구논집 Vol.8 No.-

2006년 중국에서 행해진 제 2차 장애인 표본조사에 의하면, 약 7,050만명의 장애인들이 중국의 사회에서 거주하고 있는데, 이 숫자는 전체 중국 인국의 17.80 %에 달하는 정도이다. 장애인들은 생리적, 심리적 요인들로 인해 상대적으로 정상인들에 비해 약자적인 지위에 놓여 있는데, 이를 위해서 많은 정책과 프로그램들이 앞다투어 중국 사회에 출현하여 자신들이 중국의 장애인들을 돕는 것에 도움이 된다는 것을 자랑하고 있다. 다만 이렇게 약자의 지위에 놓여 있는 자로 인식되어 온 장애인들이 또 다른 사회의 문제점으로 변환되어 심각한 형사문제를 일으키고 있는 것이다. 어떤 의미에서 볼 때, 장애인들은 더 이상 약자의 집단으로만 인식할 수는 없는 노릇이다. 본 논문은 중국의 장애인들에 의해 자행되어 지는 심각한 형사범죄를 분석한 후, 우리 사회에 필요한 건전한 사회적, 심리적인 예방 메카니즘의 형성을 위한 제안을 하고자 작성된 것이다. 본 논문은 다섯 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫 번째 부분에서는 중국에서 벌어지고 있는 장애인의 문제를 소개하고, 개괄적인 상황을 나타낸다. 두 번째 부분에서는 장애인 범죄의 원인에 대해서 다양한 각도에서 분석을 시도한다. 세 번째 부분에서는 장애인 범죄의 형사처벌에 대해 비교적인 내용을 보여준다. 중국 고대의 형법에서의 처벌에서부터, 홍콩, 마카오, 대만 등의 형사처벌 내용을 소개하며 현재 중국형법에서의 장애인 범죄 관련된 문제점을 알아본다. 네 번째 부분에서는 장애인 범죄의 예방에 대해 전체사회와 개별 가정에서 할 수 있는 방안에 대해 논의해 보았다. 다섯 번째는 본 논문의 주요한 결과에 대해 언급하여 우리 사회가 장애인 범죄의 예방을 위해 참고할 수 있는 간단한 제안을 해 보았다. According to Second National sample survey on Chinese the disabled, About 70,500,000 disabled people live in China, and this number is close to 17.80 percent of the Chinese population. Due to physiological and psychological reason, The disabled are in a relatively weak position, That is why so many social policies and programs are flung to chinese society to show off their good purpose to help the disabled one after another. Recently the disabled regarded as people who stay in a weak position slowly turn into another social problem and make severe criminal cases. In a sense, the disabled are not weak population any more. This paper analyses several criminal cases committed by the disabled, and presents several proposals on how to establish a social-psychological precaution mechanism that prevents crimes committed by the disabled. This paper consists of five parts. Chapter one introduce chinese crimes committed by disabled and general situation. Chapter two analyses the crimes committed by disabled and seek the reason. Chapter three shows comparative legal actions about the disabled crimes. Chapter four sets up preventive measures about the disabled crimes. Chapter five concludes the results of the study and makes positive suggestions to Korean society.

유한요소 손상 해석을 이용한 구조 건전성 평가

오창식(Chang-Sik Oh),김낙현(Nak-Hyun Kim),김윤재(Yun-Jae Kim) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

This paper introduces structural integrity assessment by using Finite Element analysis based on damage mechanics. Several FE damage methods as like GTN model have been proposed up to the present. These damage models have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is important to select the proper damage model for the integrity assessment of the structure in interest. In this paper, selected several damage models are apply to simulate fracture behaviours of structures with various geometries, and the FE results are compared with the experimental results. These models are implemented to general purpose FE program, ABAQUS, via user-defined subroutines.

대변형 효과를 고려한 90 도 엘보우 감육 한계 모멘트

오창식(Chang-Sik Oh),김윤재(Yun-Jae Kim),박치용(Chi-Yong Park),이성호(Sung-Ho Lee),김태룡(Tae-Ryong Kim) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11

Based on (3-D) FE limit analyses using large geometry change option, this paper provide plastic limit load solutions for pipe bends with local wall-thinning under in-plane bending. Plastic limit loads are determined from load-displacement curves using TES (Twice-elastic slope) method. For the bending mode, both closing and opening bending are considered. Wall-thinning both in extrados and in intrados is considered. Combinations of bending modes and wall-thinning locations lead to different stress states (tension or compression) over wall-thinning regions. These are significantly affecting plastic limit loads. Other relevant variables affecting plastic limit loads are varied, related to pipe bend geometry (mean radius, thickness and bend curvature) and defect geometry (length, depth and width of wall-thinning). Based on FE results, closed-form approximations of plastic limit loads are proposed for pipe bends with local wall-thinning under in-plane bending.

중국에서의 노동교양제도 연구

오창식 ( Chang Sik Oh ) 한국비교형사법학회 2011 비교형사법연구 Vol.13 No.1

Reeducation through labor system is chinese administrative punishment that world human rights groups have criticized as typical chinese problem, which Chinese law science groups have opposed as violation of human rights system. Reeducation through labor system belongs to that kind of administrative punishment that Chinese Police made their own decision and severely restricted people`s right without Court`s process so that It is no wonder for it to take the blame. When Chinese Police find out some guilty person who can`t be punished for his minor offense and feel that 15 days` custody is too week for him, They use reeducation through labor system to treat that kind of case. But the problem is that most of their subjects are the lower classes and the farmers. Even though The Police interpret the law arbitrarily as their wishes and enforce that system, People cannot obtain compensations properly. that is another problem for reeducation through labor system. Although reeducation through labor system begins at mid-1950s and have played a important role in peace keeping and preventing crime, But today many organizations and law science groups have blamed it for its uselessness to build legal ruling country. Do we still need to have that kind of system? chapter 1. I will find out the right meaning of reeducation through labor system, its applicable procedure and implementation period. chapter 2. I will figure out the historical things about reeducation through labor system. chapter 3. I will make a comparison reeducation through labor system with other systems that are similar to it. chapter 4. I will work on notions forand against reeducation through labor system.

중국의 환경문제 행정처벌과 형사처벌의 연결기제

오창식 ( Oh Chang-sik ) 동의대학교 지방자치연구소 2018 공공정책연구 Vol.34 No.2

중국 내, 환경오염문제를 다루는 행정부문과 부처 간 협업 관련 지속적으로 제기된 문제점은“유안불립(有案不立 : 안건이 있으나 입건하지 않음)”, “유안난이(有案難移 : 안건이 있으나 이송이 어려움)”, “이벌대형(以罰代刑 : 행정처벌로 형사처벌을 대신함)” 등이었는데, 환경부문에서 자신들의 독단적 처리 방식으로 문제를 축소하거나 심지어 입건하지 않고 형사처벌을 위한 이송조차 제대로 이행하지 않아 환경오염으로 인한 생태계가 파괴되는 등 문제가 발생되어도 오염유발의 책임자는 가벼운 행정처벌 만을 받을 뿐 형사책임을 면탈한다는 것이었다. 중국정부의 생태계환경조성과 환경오염사범 처리에 대한 방침이 공포되자, 환경부문, 공안부, 최고인민검찰원은 연합하여 “환경오염 형사안건 적용법률 문제에 관한 해석”을 반포하여 부문 간 제기되었던 협업의 문제에 대해 세부규정을 마련하였으며, 이를 통해 환경문제에 대한 대응력을 제고하려 하였다. 양법연결기제를 통해 환경부문의 자의적이고 독단적인 방식으로 환경오염 사건사고를 축소하거나 행정처벌로 자체종결하려는 방식을 시정하여 공정하고 균형 잡힌 형사법정의를 실현하려는 당초의 취지는 환경문제를 접하는 환경부문에서 정보공유망에 관련 정보를 늦게 공유하거나 축소 내지 자체 종결할 경우, 공안기관과 인민검찰원 등에서는 관련환경문제를 뒤늦게 형사처벌하기 곤란하며, 각 부처에서 해당 업무를 해태하더라도 그를 강제할 통제수단 근거와 수단이 부족하다는 것이 양법연결기제를 방해하는 주요 문제로 지적되어 왔다. As industrialization has progressed, the phenomenon of natural damage and destruction of ecological resources became worse, especially the importance of seaborne trade that used to be one of the major methods of international trade emerged just like we noticed. While seaborne trade made mass transit of goods and raw material supply including oil become smooth, Not only the marine accidents which are involved in intentionally or negligently but also the happenings of oil leak have harmed unspecified individuals, in addition to that, the spread speed of damage that was affected by wind and tidal current became worse than ever. Therefore, The accumulated damage demolished marine life and the severity of marine pollution let many countries of the world take part in global movement and endeavor. As for cooperations between public administrations that deal with environment problems and other departments, the problems such as “Case exists but never treat”, “Case exists but never transfer”, “Replace criminal sanction with administrative” became prevalent. In other words, These problems symbolize the real phenomenon that public servants from environmental department arbitrarily downsize the scales of pollution and don’t charge the offenders of pollution criminally, Therefore the offenders of pollution just receive administrative punishment and can escape criminal punishment. Even though deep concerns of chinese government made related law and judicial analysis emerge, The detailed regulations that managed by Supreme Court and Supreme Prosecutors' Office acted as standards of booking, investigation, indictment and judgement. But the mental status of public servants did not change a bit, therefore It was not that easy to link the administrative penalties and criminal punishment. Although the administrative penalties and civil indemnifications are about to be given to minor unlawful acts that have less Social risk than criminal punishment, and dedicate to improving Corrective actions and recoveries from infringement, But many case of environmental pollutions did not receive proper punishment but administrative penalties, Chinese government publishes a series of laws, legal jurisdictions and regulations, also emphasizes link system between administrative penalties and criminal punishment. The chinese government tries to correct practices that minimize environmental pollutions and conclude case without charging offenders with criminal punishment. If environmental servants share informations late than expected or close the case, It is not easy for the prosecutor and police to charge offender proper criminal punishment. At the same time, If environmental servants treat environment problems idly, but It is tough for judicial authority to punish them, Therefore, People criticize chinese link systems between administrative penalties and criminal punishment that lack concrete foundation and real power to control them.

연구보문 : 담배 rbcS 프로모터 이용 담배 형질전환체 내에 조직형 플라스미노겐 활성화인자 발현

오창식 ( Chang Sik Oh ),심준수 ( Joon Soo Sim ),민성현 ( Sung Hyun Min ),한정순 ( Jeong Soon Han ),강솔 ( Sol Kang ),차소영 ( So Young Cha ),김용환 ( Yong Hwan Kim ),한범수 ( Bum Soo Hahn ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2010 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.22 No.2