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관용어를 활용한 한국어 교육방안 考 : 중국인 학습자를 중심으로
김춘화(Kim chun hwa) 한국어교육연구학회 2021 한국어교육연구 Vol.- No.15
외국어로서의 한국어 교육에는 문화적인 요소, 문법적인 요소, 언어학적인 요소 등 다양한 요소가 포함된다. 현재 외국어로서의 한국어 교육과 관련된 연구는 광범위하게 이루어지고 있으며 그 중 한국어 교육의 한 영역인 관용어 표현에 대한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 언어는 그 나라 문화가 토착화되면서 형성되는 것으로 그 나라만의 관습적인 형태로 표현되므로 모든 언어에는 관용표현이 있기 마련이다. 따라서 목표 언어를 익히기 위해 관용표현은 반드시 교수, 학습해야 할 필수적 교육 목록이라고 할 수 있다. 외국인 학습자들 중 많은 비중음 차지하는 중국인 학습자는 동일 한자권과 유사한 문화적 배경으로 인해 타언어권 학습자보다 한국어 습득에 유리하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 중국인 학습자들을 대상으로 한·중 관용표현의 동형동의, 동형이의, 이형동의 구조와 한국어 관용어에 대응하는 중국어 기타구조에 대한 대조적인 분석을 통해 효율적인 한국어 교육을 하는 데 목적이 있다. The education of Korean as a foreign language covers a number of factors, including cultural, grammar, and linguistic aspects. Research related to Korean Language education as a foreign language continues actively at present and many are studying idiomatic expressions, an area on Korean language education. Language consists of the indigenous culture of the country and is expressed in its own traditional form so that each language has its own idiomatic expression. This is therefore an essential component in an education that needs to be retrained to be able to learn the target language. Chinese students, whose cultural background is similar to the very Chinese alphabet, are more advantageous than other language students. This study aims at providing Chinese learners with efficient Korean language education by contrasting the structures of Cognate synonym, homograph, heteromorphic synonym, and other Korean language structures.
유치원 창의적 공학기술교육 프로그램이 유아의 창의성에 미치는 효과
정진현 ( Jin Hyun Jung ),김춘화 ( Chun Hwa Kim ) 서울敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2014 한국초등교육 Vol.25 No.4
본 연구에서는 유치원 유아들이 공학기술의 중요성을 자각하도록 하며 공학기술에 대한 새로 운 시각을 가지고 스스로 이해하고 흥미를 가지도록 하기 위하여 유아들에게 창의적 공학기술 교육은 어떠해야 하는지에 초점을 두고 있다. 여기서는 창의적 공학기술교육 프로그램을 개발하여, 유치원 유아들의 창의성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 적용하고 그 효과를 분석하였다. 연구 대상은 D시에 소재하고 있는 유치원 7세반 2개 학급이며, 검사 도구는 창의성 검사지를 사용하였다. 또한 창의적 공학기술교육 프로그램을 개발하여, 실험반에 1주에 1시간씩 10회로 총 10차 시를 실시하였으며, 비교반에서는 유치원 교육과정에 맞추어 일반적인 수업을 실시하였고, 사전 검사-실험처치-사후검사의 순서로 진행하였다. 공학기술교육 프로그램은 제조, 건설, 에너지ㆍ수 송, 정보통신, 생명, 전기ㆍ전자와 기계, 발명의 7개 영역으로 구성하였다. 본 연구의 통계분석을 위해 SPSSWIN 프로그램을 사용하였으며, 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 평균, t-검증 분석을 실시하였다. 그 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 실험반과 비교반의 창의성 점수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차 이를 보이지 않아, 이 두 집단은 동질한 집단이라고 할 수 있다. 2. 실험반과 비교반의 창의성 사 후 검사 결과에서 실험반이 비교반보다 유의한 차이로 더 향상되었다. 또한 창의성 전체에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이로 실험반이 비교반보다 더욱 증진된 것으로 나타났음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 유치원 유아들에게 창의적 공학기술교육 프로그램을 수업에 적용함으로써, 유아들의 창의성 증진에 유의한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study makes conscious about importance of engineering technology for kindergarten infants, and focuses on making new sight about engineering technology, how creative engineering technology education should be for kindergarten infants to understand themselves and get interested. It was verified the effect about creative engineering technology education program which for infants`` creativity improvement. Subjects are kindergarten located in ‘D`` city and they are two 7 years old classes in kindergarten. Testing tool is creative examination test. And also developed education program of creative engineering technology, and carried out experimental group for 10 weeks by 1 hour in one week and total is 10times. In controlled group, they carried out regular education which is fitted with kindergarten``s curriculum. It was progressed through pretest-experimental treatment- posttest. This educational program were formed 7 areas which were manufacture, construction, energy·transportation, information communication, life, electrics·electronics & machines, invention. For this research analysis, SPSS was used and to achieve this research goal, mean, t-test analysis enforced. The major findings of this study were follows; 1. Results of pretest about creativity of experimental group and controlled group in kindergarten, there had no difference in statistically, so these two groups had likely the same groups. 2. Results of posttest about creativity in kindergarten, there had difference in statistically between two groups. Experimental groups were increased more than controlled group. Therefore, engineering technology education program had effective to increase creativity to infants.
랫드 일차 배양 간세포에서 에탄올의 독성에 대한 헛개나무 물추출물의 보호효과
김종호,서영민,김주현,현선희,이상규,김춘화,강미정,전태원,윤수홍,정태천,Kim, Jong-Ho,Seo, Young-Min,Kim, Ju-Hyun,Hyun, Sun-Hee,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Kim, Chun-Hwa,Kang, Mi-Jeong,Jeon, Tae-Won,Yoon, Soo-Hong,Jeong, Tae-Cheon 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.1
The hepatoprotective effects of the water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HD) were investigated in vitro. Following the induction of hepatotoxicity by ethanol in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, the protective effects of four different water extracts of HD were determined through serial dose-response and time-dependent studies. The individual extracts used in these studies were prepared from fruits, seeds, leaves and tubes. Treatment of hepatocyte cultures with the water extracts of HD provided a significant protection from the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity induced by ethanol. Particularly, the fruits extract was the most effective against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in the primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The results demonstrated that the extracts might have the protective effect against ethanol-induced toxicity in hepatocyte cultures.
연구논문 : 생명과학 ; 마우스 및 랫드에서 botulinum toxin type A의 단회 및 28일 반복투여 독성시험
전태원 ( Tae Won Jeon ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),현선희 ( Sun Hee Hyun ),김남희 ( Nam Hee Kim ),이상규 ( Sang Kyu Lee ),김춘화 ( Chun Hwa Kim ),우희동 ( Hee Dong Woo ),양기혁 ( Gi Hyeok Yang ),정현호 ( Hyun Ho Jung ),정태천 ( Tae C 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2004 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.14 No.-
마우스 및 랫드에서 botulinum toxin type A의 단회 및 28일 반복투여 독성시험
전태원,김지영,현선희,김남희,이상규,김춘화,우희동,양기혁,정현호,정태천,Jeon, Tae-Won,Kim, Ji-Young,Hyun, Sun-Hee,Kim, Nam-Hee,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Kim, Chun-Hwa,Woo, Hee-Dong,Yang, Gi-Hyeok,Jung, Hyun-Ho,Jeong, Tae-Cheon 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.1
Single and 28-day repeated dose toxicity studies of botulimnn toxin type A were carried out in ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. In the single dose toxicity study, botulinwn toxin was injected intraperitoneally to male and female mice at a single dose of 40, 59, 89 133 and 200 ng/10 ml saline/kg. All animals died from 59 ng/kg group. Some clinical signs, such as decrease in locomotor activity, dyspnea, prone position and ptosis, were observed in most of both sexes from 59 ng/kg group, but no signs were seen in all animals at 40 ng/kg group. The results showed that the median lethal dose of botulinum toxin might be in the range of 40-59 ng/kg in both sexes. In the repeated dose toxicity study, the test material was administered intradermally for 28 days at doses of 0 (vehicle-treated control), 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and $10.0ng/head/50{\mu}{\ell}$ saline in male and female rats. No test material-related changes were noted in survivals, clinical signs, food and water consumptions and gross finding in any group. Botulinum toxin treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain rate in male of 5.0 ng/head group and over and in female of 10.0 ng/head group compared to vehicle-treated control. One or more relative organ weights (i.e., spleen, thymus, liver and kidney) were increased significantly from 5.0 ng/head group compared to vehicle-treated control in both sexes. Serum biochemistry revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase, total protein and albumin in male, and increases in AST and ALT and decreases in $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ in female without dose-pendent manners. In the histopathological study, physical stimulation by needle caused slight inflammations of dennis. In addition, botulinum toxin treatment induced denervation of nerve cell and disuse of muscle, resulting in atrophy of skeletal muscle in both sexes from 2.5 ng/head group. When the antibodies to toxin were determined in all animals, a significant increase in serum antibodies was observed from 5.0 ng/head group. The results showed that the NOAEL of botulinum toxin might be 1.25 ng/head for 28-day repeated dose toxicity in rats.