플라즈마 진단을 위한 이온에너지 분석장치의 제작 및 특성 조사

김계령,김완,이용현,강희동 ( Kye Ryung Kim,Wan Kim,Yong Hyun Lee,Hee Dong Kang ) 한국센서학회 1998 센서학회지 Vol.7 No.3

An ion energy spectrometer which has the 45° parallel electrostatic deflection plate was designed and constructed for measuring ion temperature in high temperature plasma. The energy calibration and the energy resolution were studied in detail for a hydrogen ion at the 0.24∼1.92keV energy using electrostatic accelerator with a duoplasmatron ion source. The voltage of the deflection plate was linearly increased for the decreased ion detector position at the constant ion energy and decreased for the increased ion energy at the fixed ion detector position. The inclination of the deflection plate voltage to the ion energy was between 0.92 and 1.61, and linearly decreased for the increased the ion detector position. The measured energy resolution, which is 4.2 % ∼ 11.6 % in this experiment region, was improved for the insreased ion dector position and ion energy. The relative efficiency was increased for the decreased the ion detector posotion. The ion energy spectrum of the DC plasma in the multi-purpose plasma generator was measured using this equipment. The ion temperature was 203-205 eV at the discharge voltage 320 V, discharge current 1.7 A.

The Proton Engineering Frontier Project: Beam Utilization and User Program

김계령,Kui Young Kim,조용섭,김준연,박재원,최병호 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.22

The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) as a 21st Century Frontier Program of the Korean Government was started in 2002 with three major goals: the first goal was to develop a world-class proton beam facility based on a high-intensity 100-MeV, 20-mA proton linac, the second one was to develop beam-utilization and accelerator-application technologies, and the last one was to support industrialization of matured technologies. Following a brief introduction to the status of the accelerator development and construction works, we will review the achievements of our user program through which we have cultivated and fostered proton beam users and beam utilizationtechnologies in a wide range of R&D fields from the beginning of our project. In addition, we willdiscuss the design philosophy of our user facilities, composed of five 20-MeV beamlines and five100-MeV beamlines, and perspectives for our user program and beam utilization.

4차 산업혁명 시대 홍익인간 교육의 필요성 : 뇌교육을 중심으로

김계령(Kim, Gye Ryung),김일식(Kim, Il Sik) 한국홀리스틱융합교육학회 2021 홀리스틱융합교육연구 Vol.25 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 4차 산업혁명 시대를 맞아 대한민국 교육이념인 홍익인간 교육의 필요성과 함께 교육 방안으로써 뇌교육을 탐구하는 것이다. 미래 교육은 그동안의 지식교육에서 벗어나 자기실현의 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 교육으로의 변화가 필요하다는 전제하에 바람직한 인간상과 교육 방안을 한민족 전통문화 속에서 찾고자 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 홍익인간은 천지인(天地人)이 하나이며 삶의 목적을 성통공완(性通功完)에 두고 한민족 시원에서부터 실천하고 축적해온 삶의 양식으로 볼 수 있다. 미래사회는 이러한 삶의 의미를 발견하고 자기실현을 추구하는 홍익인간 교육으로의 변화가 요구된다. 둘째, 한민족 전통 심신수련법인 한국선도(韓國仙道)는 홍익인간에 이르는 원리와 구체적인 수행법을 갖추고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국선도에 기반한 뇌교육은 개인을 초월하여 모든 생명이 하나로 연결되어 있음을 체험할 수 있는 이론과 수련법을 갖추고 있어 홍익인간 교육으로서의 적용 가능성을 시사하였다. 이 연구는 우리가 직면하고 있는 미래사회에는 국가, 인종, 종교, 사상을 초월하여 인류 공영을 추구하는 홍익인간 교육이 필요하며, 이를 위한 교육 체계로써 한민족 전통문화에 기초한 뇌교육의 적용 가능성을 탐구하였다는 점에 의의가 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to explore the brain education as an educational method along with the necessity of Hongikinkan education, which is the educational philosophy of Korea in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Under the premise that future education needs a change from knowledge education to education that can satisfy the desire for self-actualization, it tried to find a desirable human personality and educational method in the traditional culture of the Korean people. The study results are as follows. First, Hongikinkan are one heaven, earth, and human, and can be seen as a way of life that has been practiced and accumulated since the Korean history with the purpose of life in Sung-tong Gong-wan(性通功完). The future society requires a change to Hongikingan education, which seeks to discover the meaning of life and pursue self-actualization. Second, it was found that the Korean Sundo(韓國仙道), a traditional Korean mental and physical training method, has the principles and specific methods to reach Hongikinkan. Third, brain education based on Korean Sundo has theories and training methods to experience that all life is connected to one another, transcending individuals, suggesting the possibility of applicability to Hongikinkan education. This study may be meaningful in that the future society we face requires Hongikinkan education to pursue co-prosperity of humankind beyond the national, racial, religious, and thought, and studied for the applicability of brain education based on Korean traditional culture as an educational system.

한국노인의 인지기능 향상 프로그램 효과성 메타분석:

김일식(Kim, Ilsik),김계령(Kim, Gyeryung) 한국노년학회 2017 한국노년학 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 인지기능 향상 프로그램에 대한 선행연구의 결과를 인지기능장애집단과 일반집단으로 구분하고 메타분석을 이용하여 집단 간 효과크기를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 최근 5년간 국내에서 보고된 인지기능 향상 프로그램 선행연구 중에서 86편을 선정하고 메타분석을 사용하여 효과크기를 요약하였다. 연구결과, 전체평균 효과크기는 두 집단 모두 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 중재유형별 효과크기는 인지기능장애집단은운동 중재가 높았고, 일반집단은 운동과 인지기반 중재가 유사하게 나타났다. 성별 효과크기는 인지기능장애집단은 여성으로만 구성한 경우가 높았고, 일반집단은 혼성이 높았다. 집단크기에 대한 효과크기는 인지기능장애집단은 20명, 일반집단은 21~40명이 높게 나타났다. 총회기수는 두 집단 모두 32회 이상이 높았고, 주회기수는 인지기능장애집단은 3회, 일반집단은 4~6회, 활동시간은 인지기능장애집단 55~60분, 일반집단 70~180분으로 나타나 일반집단은 회기수와 활동시간이 많을수록 효과크기가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 인지기능장애집단과 일반집단 간 인지기능 향상 프로그램 유형과 활동요소들에 대한 효과크기를 비교 분석함으로써 추후 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하였다는데 의의가 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to classify the results of previous studies on the cognitive function improvement program of the elderly into the cognitive impairment group and the normal group to compare the effect sizes of the groups using meta - analysis. Among the previous studies on cognitive function improvement programs reported in Korea for the last five years, 86 were selected and the effect sizes were summarized using meta-analysis. As a result of the study, the overall effect size showed a large effect size in both groups. The effect sizes of the intervention types were high for the cognitive impairment group, and the exercise and cognitive-based interventions were similar for the normal group. The gender effect size was higher for the women with cognitive impairment group, and higher for the combined case with normal group. The effect sizes according to group size were higher for 20 persons in cognitive impairment group and higher for 21~40 persons in normal group. The total number of sessions in both groups was higher than 32 times, The number of sessions per week was 3 times for the cognitive impairment group, 4 to 6 times for the normal group. The duration of activity was 55~60 minutes in cognitive impairment group and 70~180 minutes in normal group as the number of sessions and activity time increased the effect size was higher in normal group. This study will be meaningful in that it provided basic data necessary for future program development by comparing and analyzing the effect sizes of the cognitive function improvement program type and the activity factors between the cognitive impairment group and the normal group.

생활체육 참여 노인의 활력, 자기조절 및 낙관성과의 관계 : 國學氣功을 중심으로

김일식(Kim, Il-Sik),김계령(Kim, Gye-Ryung),서호찬(Seo, Ho-Chan) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship among vitality, self-regulation and optimism of the elderly participating in sports for all. To this end, the survey was conducted through distributing questionnaires to the elderly people in their age of 60 or more who attended Koohak-Kigong 2017. In total, 655 valid responses were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0, and results were derived from frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, vitality had a significant influence on self-regulation. Second, self-regulation had a significant influence on optimism. Third, vitality had a significant influence on optimism. Fourth, self-regulation mediated between vitality and optimism. Thus, this study shows the structural relationship between vitality, self-regulation and optimism of the elderly. The enhancement of vitality and self -regulating ability through sports for all can be helpful for positive life in old age by maintaining optimism.

생활체육 참여자들의 특성에 따른 HSP지수 측정 분석

김일식(Kim, Il-Sik),김계령(Kim, Gye-Ryung),이수경(Lee, Su-Kyung) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

The purpose of this study was to confirm the quality of life as HSP index of the participant in Kookhak-Kigong program. The results of the analysis according to gender, age, family and residence type, period of the participation in kookhak-kiging, instructor or not, duration of instructor activity, are as follows. First, as for gender, SP(Smile and Peace) index of women was higher than SP index of men while H(Health) index was not difference. As for age, Peace index was higher in 60s than younger group. As for the family relationship, HSP index of the living alone was lower than the child or/and spouse living together while HSP index of the residence type was not difference. Second, As for training period of participant, HSP index was tended to increase as the period. As for instructor activity, HSP index of the instructor was higher than participant"s index. On the other hand, there was no difference according to the duration of the instructor`s activities. This study was suggested that the kookhak-kigong can improve quality of life as increasing HSP index and provided motivation for constantly participating to trainee furthermore, for being kookhak-kigong instructor.

‘뇌 감각 깨우기’ 과정에 대한 요가 및 명상 관점의 고찰

김일식 ( Kim Ilsik ),김계령 ( Kim Gyeryung ) 한국통합교육과정학회 2018 통합교육과정연구 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 ‘뇌 감각 깨우기’ 과정을 요가 및 명상 관점에서 고찰해보는 것이다. 연구 목적을 위하여 ‘뇌 감각 깨우기’와 유사한 개념으로 요가, 명상으로부터 ‘신체자각(body awareness)’, ‘몸느낌 관찰(body feeling)’ 및 ‘포커싱(focusing)’을 선별하고 각각의 활동 기제와 효과를 비교 분석하였다. ‘뇌 감각 깨우기’는 ‘신체 느끼기’, ‘호흡 느끼기’, ‘에너지 느끼기’, ‘뇌 느끼기’로 구성되며 신체에 집중하는 훈련을 통해 몸과 연결된 뇌 감각을 깨우는 활동으로써 요가 및 명상의 주요 목표가 되는 ‘신체 감각을 깨우는 활동’과 유사한 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. ‘뇌 감각 깨우기’ 과정을 통하여 감각이 깨어나고 뇌와 친숙해지면서 뇌가 나의 것이라는 자각과 함께 뇌를 활용하기 위한 준비 단계에 들어서게 된다. 인간의 모든 활동은 뇌로부터 비롯된다. 우리가 세상을 지각하고 이해하는 방식은 신체의 내·외부로부터 입력되는 정보를 기억을 바탕으로 재해석하는 과정이다. 따라서 뇌감각을 깨움으로써 자기조절과 자기치유로 이어지는 효과와 더불어 풍부한 감각 기능의 활성화로 인하여 삶의 질 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to explore the 'brain sensitizing' process from a yoga and meditation perspective. For the purpose of research, we select 'body awareness', 'body feeling' and 'focusing' from yoga and meditation as similar to 'brain sensitizing' respectively. 'Brain sensitizing' is composed of 'body feeling', 'breathing feeling', 'energy feeling', and 'brain feeling'. Through training to concentrate on the body, we were able to confirm similar effects to 'activity to awaken body sensation' which is the main goal of activity yoga and meditation that awakens brain senses linked to body. Through the process of 'brain sensitizing', the senses wake up and become familiar with the brain, so that the brain is ready to use the brain with awareness that it is mine. All human activities originate from the brain. The way we perceive and understand the world is the process of reinterpreting the information input from the inside and the outside of the body based on the memory. Therefore, it is expected that improvement of quality of life can be expected due to activation of abundant sensory functions in addition to the effect of self-control and self-healing by awakening brain senses.

한국노인의 자아통합감 관련변인에 대한 메타분석

김일식(Kim, Ilsik),김계령(Kim, Gyeryung),서호찬(Seo, Hochan) 한국노년학회 2017 한국노년학 Vol.37 No.3

Meta-analysis was conducted on 56 studies published in Korea until April 2017 to systematically integrate factors of ego integrity of the elderly. The variables related to ego integrity were divided into 6 groups of variable, and the effect sizes were computed for each variable of their groups. The analysis results are as follows. First, the total effect size showed the middle effect size, and the effect size according to the variable group showed the largest effect size for the positive psychological variable group, followed by the negative psychological variable, the physical variable, the familial variable, the social variable and the demographic variable. Second, the largest effect size of the sub-variables on the each individual variable group showed positive psychological variable was life quality, negative psychological variable was depression, physical variable was health behavior, familial variable was children relationship, social variable was social support and demographic variable was economic status. As described above, suggesting that these variables may have a strong influence on ego integrity among the variables related to ego integrity because the quality of life, life satisfaction and depression were shown as the largest effective variables related to ego integrity. 본 연구는 노인의 자아통합감에 영향을 미치는 변인들을 통합적으로 살펴보기 위하여 2017년 4월까지 국내에서 출판된 56편의 연구를 바탕으로 메타분석을 실시하였다. 자아통합감 관련 변인들을 6개의 변인군으로 나누고 각각 변인군에 대한 하위변인별로 효과크기를 산출하였으며 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체효과크기는 중간효과크기를 보였고, 변인군에 따른 효과크기는 긍정심리적변인군이 가장 크게 나타났으며, 부정심리적변인군, 신체적변인군, 가족적변인군, 사회적변인군, 인구통계적변인군의 순서로 나타났다. 둘째, 개별변인군에 대한 하위변인들의 효과크기는 긍정심리적변인군은 삶의 질, 부정심리적변인군은 우울, 신체적변인군은 건강행위, 가족적변인군은 자녀관계, 사회적변인군은 사회적지지, 인구통계적변인군은 경제상태가 가장 높게 나타났다. 상기와 같이 자아통합감과 관련된 변인들 중 삶의 질, 삶의 만족도 및 우울의 효과크기가 크게 나타남에 따라 이러한 변인들이 자아통합감 향상에 영향력이 클 수 있음을 시사하였다.

한국 중･노년의 노화불안 관련변인에 대한 메타분석

김일식(Kim, Ilsik),김계령(Kim, Gyeryung) 한국노년학회 2018 한국노년학 Vol.38 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 중․노년의 노화불안에 미치는 변인들을 통합적으로 살펴보기 위하여 2007년 2월부터 2017년 3월까지 국내에서 보고된 34편의 연구에 대한 메타분석을 실시하였다. 노화불안 관련 변인들을 6개의 변인군으로 나누고 각각 변인군에 대하여 하위변인별로 효과크기를 산출하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체효과크기는 중간효과크기를 보였고, 변인군에 따른 효과크기는 부정심리적변인군이 가장 높게 나타났으 며, 긍정심리적변인군, 사회적변인군, 신체적변인군, 가족적변인군, 인구통계적변인군의 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 하위변인들 중에서는 심리적 안녕감, 죽음불안의 효과크기가 가장 높게 나타났다. 상기와 같이 노화불안과 관련된 변인들 중 심리적변인군에 속한 심리적 안녕감과 죽음불안의 효과크기가 높게 나타남에 따라 이러한 변인들이 노화불안 중재에 영향력이 클 수 있음을 시사하였다. Meta-analysis was conducted on 34 studies reported in Korea from February 2007 through March 2017 to systematically integrate factors of aging anxiety of the middle and old aged. The variables related to aging anxiety were divided into 6 groups of variable, and the effect sizes were computed for each variable of their groups. The results are as follows. First, the total effect size showed the middle effect size, and the effect size according to the variable group showed the largest effect size for the negative psychological variable group, followed by the positive psychological variable, the social variable, the physical variable, the familial variable and the demographic variable. Second, the largest effect size of the sub-variables showed psychological well-being and death anxiety. As described above, suggesting that these variables may have a strong influence on aging anxiety among the variables related to aging anxiety because the psychological well-being and death anxiety were shown as the largest effective variables related to aging anxiety.

뇌교육 프로그램 효과성에 대한 메타분석

김일식 ( Ilsik Kim ),김계령 ( Gyeryung Kim ),신혜숙 ( Hyesook Shin ),서호찬 ( Hochan Seo ) 한국통합교육과정학회 2016 통합교육과정연구 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구는 유아에서부터 노인에 이르기 까지 다양한 연령층의 학습자를 대상으로 수행된 뇌교육 프로그램에 대한 효과성에 대하여 메타분석을 이용하여 종속변수 및 활동요소들에 대한 효과크기를 통합적으로 분석 하였다. 1998년부터 2016년 4월까지 18년간 국내에서 연구된 논문 47편을 선별하여 CMA로 분석한 결과, 첫째, 전체평균효과크기는 1.072로서 큰 효과크기가 나타났고, 종속변수 유형 중에는 ‘인지’가 1.356으로 가장 컸으며, 연구대상별로는 유아 대상이 2.108로 가장 효과크기가 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 활동요소 중에서는 총회기수 24회(2.022), 주회기수 2회(1.783), 회기 당 활동시간 10-20분(1.940), 집단의 크기 31-60명(1.749)이 효과크기가 크게 나타났으나 총회기수, 주회기수, 활동시간 및 집단의 크기와 효과크기 간에는 정적상관이 나타나지 않았다. 출판유형은 학술지논문(1.156)이 학위논문(0.927) 보다 비교적 높게 나타났다. 이와 같이 본 연구의 결과에 따라 향후 뇌교육 프로그램 구성은 총회기수 24회, 주회기수 2회, 집단의 크기 31-60명으로 구성하는 것이 효과적일 것이며, 활동시간에 있어서는 비교적 짧은 10-20분 정도 만으로 프로그램의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 상기와 같이 국내에서 수행된 뇌교육 프로그램에 대하여 종속변수와 활동요소들에 따른 효과성을 확인함으로써 향후 연구를 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다는 데 의의가 있을 것이다. This study synthetically analyzed effect size of dependent variables and activity factors on a brain education program carried out with learners in diverse age groups from kindergarteners to an elderly using a meta-analysis. As a result of the selecting and analyzing 47 domestic papers from 1998 through April 2016 using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.0(CMA), I found 2 major distinctions. First, the overall average effect size was 1.072, which was great.Also, depending on the types of dependent variables, ``cognition`` was 1.356, which was the greatest, and by the research subject, kindergarten children had the highest effect size which was 2.108. Secondly, concerning the activity factors,when the total number of sessions was 24 times, the effect size was 2.022. The effect size was 1.783 with the number of sessions per week was twice, it was 1.940 with the activity time went for 10 to 20 minutes per session. When the group size was 31 to 60 persons, it was as high as 1.749; however, there were no positive correlations among the factors in the total number of sessions, the number of sessions per week, the activity time, and the group size. Among the types of publications, articles in journals (1.156) had a relatively higher effect size than dissertations (0.927). Likewise, according to the results of this study, it can be said that in the future, if a program is to be composed of 24 sessions, twice per week, 31 to 60 persons in a group, and for shortly like 10 to 20 minutes, its effectiveness can be expected. This study is significant that it provided basic data for future studies by examining the brain education programs carried out in South Korea and measured the effectiveness of the program regarding diverse activity factors of the programs.