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Kim, S.-H.,Lee, S.-O.,Park, I.-A.,Park, S.J.,Choi, S.-H.,Kim, Y.S.,Woo, J.H.,Park, S.-K.,Park, J.S.,Kim, S.C.,Han, D.J. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010 Transplant infectious disease Vol.12 No.2
<P>S.-H. Kim, S.-O. Lee, I.-A. Park, S.J. Park, S.-H. Choi, Y.S. Kim, J.H. Woo, S.-K. Park, J.S. Park, S.C. Kim, D.J. Han. Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation.Transpl Infect Dis 2010: <B>12:</B> 113–119. All rights reserved</P><P>Background</P><P>The presence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) should be evaluated before kidney transplantation. Although a new T cell-based assay for diagnosing LTBI gave promising results, this assay has not yet been compared with the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosing LTBI in renal transplant candidates before transplantation.</P><P>Patients and methods</P><P>All adult patients admitted to a single institute for renal transplantation over a 1-year period were prospectively enrolled. A clinically predictive risk of LTBI was defined as: (i) recent close contact with a person with pulmonary TB; (ii) abnormal chest radiography; (iii) a history of untreated or inadequately treated TB; or (iv) a new infection (i.e., a recent conversion of TST).</P><P>Results</P><P>Of 209 renal recipients, 47 (22%) had a positive TST≥5 mm, 21 (10%) had a positive TST≥10 mm, 65 (30%) had a positive T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test, and 25 (12%) had an indeterminate T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test. The induration size of TST was significantly associated with a high positivity rate on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> (<I>P</I><0.001). Agreement between T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test and TST≥10 mm was fair (<I>k</I>=0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.36). However, neither univariate nor multivariate analysis showed any association between the clinical risk for LTBI and positivity on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> or TST.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test was more frequently positive than TST in renal transplant candidates. However, further longitudinal studies are awaited to determine whether the ability of T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> assay to detect LTBI in renal transplant recipients can better predict the development of TB than can TST after transplantation.</P>
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Fatigue performance of deepwater SCR under short-term VIV considering various S-N curves
Kim, D.K.,Choi, H.S.,Shin, C.S.,Liew, M.S.,Yu, S.Y.,Park, K.S. Techno-Press 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.53 No.5
In this study, a method for fatigue performance estimation of deepwater steel catenary riser (SCR) under short-term vortex-induced vibration was investigated for selected S-N curves. General tendency between S-N curve capacity and fatigue performance was analysed. SCRs are generally used to transport produced oil and gas or to export separated oil and gas, and are exposed to various environmental loads in terms of current, wave, wind and others. Current is closely related with VIV and it affects fatigue life of riser structures significantly. In this regards, the process of appropriate S-N curve selection was performed in the initial design stage based on the scale of fabrication-related initial imperfections such as welding, hot spot, crack, stress concentration factor, and others. To draw the general tendency, the effects of stress concentration factor (SCF), S-N curve type, current profile, and three different sizes of SCRs were considered, and the relationship between S-N curve capacity and short-term VIV fatigue performance of SCR was derived. In case of S-N curve selection, DNV (2012) guideline was adopted and four different current profiles of the Gulf of Mexico (normal condition and Hurricane condition) and Brazil (Amazon basin and Campos basin) were considered. The obtained results will be useful to select the S-N curve for deepwater SCRs and also to understand the relationship between S-N curve capacity and short-term VIV fatigue performance of deepwater SCRs.
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Olga Y. Burenina,Daria A. Elkina,Anzhela Y. Migur,Tatiana S. Oretskaya,Elena Evguenieva-Hackenberg,Roland K. Hartmann,Elena A. Kubareva 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.11
6S RNA, a conserved and abundant small non-coding RNA found in most bacteria, regulates gene expression by inhibiting RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme. 6S RNAs from α-proteobacteria have been studied poorly so far. Here, we present a first in-depth analysis of 6S RNAs from two α-proteobacteria species, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Although both belong to the order Rhizobiales and are typical nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes, their 6S RNA expression profiles were found to differ: B. japonicum 6S RNA accumulated in the stationary phase, thus being reminiscent of Escherichia coli 6S RNA, whereas S. meliloti 6S RNA level peaked at the transition to the stationary phase, similarly to Rhodobacter sphaeroides 6S RNA. We demonstrated in vitro that both RNAs have hallmarks of 6S RNAs: they bind to the σ70-type RNAP holoenzyme and serve as templates for de novo transcription of so-called product RNAs (pRNAs) ranging in length from ~13 to 24 nucleotides, with further evidence of the synthesis of even longer pRNAs. Likewise, stably bound pRNAs were found to rearrange the 6S RNA structure to induce its dissociation from RNAP. Compared with B. japonicum 6S RNA, considerable conformational heterogeneity was observed for S. meliloti 6S RNA and its complexes with pRNAs, even though the two 6S RNAs share ~75% sequence identity. Overall, our findings suggest that the two rhizobial 6S RNAs have diverged with respect to their regulatory impact on gene expression throughout the bacterial life cycle.
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Park, S. H.,Lee, B. R.,Lee, J. H.,Kim, T. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Plant growth regulation Vol.79 No.3
<P>To assess the roles of sulfur (S) nutrition in salt stress tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). The plants grown in S-supplied or S-deprived condition for 4 weeks were exposed to salt stress with 100 mM NaCl or non-salt stress, respectively, for 21 days. Osmotic potential was significantly decreased by salt stress from day 14. Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoid were decreased by salt stress which was more severe in the absence of S, but their content was largely recovered in the presence of S-nutrition. The proteomic analysis of multi-protein complexes in the thylakoid by BN-PAGE showed that the expression of PSI, PSII and RuBisCo level was repressed under salt stress in the absence of S, whereas their expression was largely recovered by S supply. Enzymatic activity confirmed the responses of RuBisCo, estimated by the BN-PAGE, showing a decreased activity in S-deprived and/or salt stressed levels. The decreased RuBisCo activity was significantly related to S content as affected by S nutrition and/or salt stress. Significant relationship between S content and Na, K, Fe content was also observed. These results indicate that S-nutrition modulates the negative responses to salt stress tolerance in photosynthetic organelles of P. pratensis.</P>
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Choi, S.-K.,Ahn, D.-S.,Lee, Y.-H. Oxford University Press 2009 Cardiovascular research Vol.82 No.2
<P>AIMS: Although stimulation with sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) or sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) generally leads to similar vascular responses, the contractile patterns and their underlying signalling mechanisms are often distinct. We investigated the different reliance upon Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-sensitizing mechanisms of constriction in response to SPC or S1P in coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS: Contractile responses, changes in [Ca2+]i, and phosphorylation of myosin light chain phosphatase-targeting subunit (MYPT1) were measured. SPC induced a concentration-dependent sustained contraction. S1P evoked a rapid rise in force (initial transient), which was followed by a secondary sustained force. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, the concentration dependency of constriction to SPC was shifted to the right, but with no change in maximum force, whereas S1P-induced contraction was significantly blunted. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) significantly decreased the initial transient force induced by S1P. In isolated single cells, S1P markedly increased [Ca2+]i, whereas only a modest elevation was noted with SPC. The S1P-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i was abolished by pre-treatment with CPA and was significantly reduced in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. In beta-escin-permeabilized strips, SPC augmented pCa 6.3-induced force; this was significantly inhibited by fasudil hydrochloride. S1P induced little or no augmentation of pCa 6.3-induced force. In intact arteries, SPC-induced contraction was completely inhibited by fasudil hydrochloride. Fasudil hydrochloride had no effect on the initial transient force induced by S1P but significantly inhibited the secondary sustained force. SPC induced a several-fold increase in Thr696 and Thr853 phosphorylation of MYPT1, but S1P did not affect phosphorylation of MYPT1. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that constriction of coronary arteries in response to the bioactive lipid S1P or SPC occurs by distinct signalling pathways. Activation of the RhoA/RhoA-associated kinase pathway and subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1 play a key role in SPC-induced coronary contraction, whereas elevation of [Ca2+]i is crucial for S1P-induced coronary constriction.</P>
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性徹스님 理解를 위한 考察 - 그 분의 面貌를 어떻게 西洋에 소개할 것인가?
서명원(S? My?ng-W?n) 불교학연구회 2007 불교학연구 Vol.17 No.-
S?ngch"?l ranks among the most outstanding monks of the 20th century. He served as meditation master of the famous Haein Monastery (1967-1993) for twenty-six years, including twelve years (1981-1993) as Patriarch of the Chogyejong, by far the largest Korean Buddhist order. But his place in Korean Buddhist history is not without controversy, particularly his utter rejection of the then well-established “sudden-gradual” doctrine of awakening and practice advocated by Master Chinul (1158-1210). The effort to replace it with his own “sudden-sudden” doctrine has so alienated the vast majority of Korean Buddhist scholars that it is difficult to find balanced accounts of S?ngch"?l"s significance in histories of contemporary Korean Buddhism.<BR> In the first part of this paper, I use a dialectical approach, based on the Buddha"s doctrine of the middle path, to address seven of the most common misunderstandings regarding S?ngch"?l"s life and thought. My argument is that S?ngch"?l" must be seen not as an academic, but as a religious figure who dedicated his life to the practice of meditation.<BR> The second part examines both the doctrinal and the socio-political background of S?ngch"?l"s rise. Here I argue that the roots of S?ngch"?l"s sudden-sudden teaching were more religious than academic. The teaching arose not from an objective re-interpretation of Chinul, but from the need to reform the Korean Buddhist tradition that was in a deep state of disarray after several centuries of decay. The teaching was something of a doctrinal coup d"?tat at the Haein monastery, dating from 1967.<BR> The third part compares the two contending paradigms in the Korean “sudden-gradual” controversy, suggesting that the differences are more of emphasis than substance. Chinul devotes more attention to the process leading to awakening, while S?ngch"?l focuses more on the awakening itself. Nevertheless, since S?ngch"?l also includes the four stage process to full enlightenment, one cannot suggest the two paradigms are diametrically opposed.<BR> Since S?ngch"?l"s thought can only be understood within its religious and socio-political context, the introduction of his thought to the West must include a careful review of that historical context. Authoritarian, doctrinal approaches of understanding have lost favor in Korea in the process of democratization over nearly two decades. Koreans and their counterparts in the West tend to prefer a more dialogical approach to the truth, rather than the absolute approach developed by S?ngch"?l. It has now been a long time since Thich Nhat Hanh and the Dalai Lama, the most successful Asian Buddhist in the West and in the world, have understood that fact and put it in practice.
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