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서울대학교병원의 Dihydropyridine계 Calcium Channel Blocker 원외처방 현황조사
배윤영,박현숙,김귀숙,한현주,박경호,손인자 한국병원약사회 2005 병원약사회지 Vol.22 No.3
Hypertension is an important public health problem because it increases the risk of stroke, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure and end-stage renal disease2). If it is not actively treated, morbidity and mortality increase with hypertension-induced complications and quality of life decreases2). Antihypertensive drugs may be divided into several classes; diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (CCB) and etc. Among these, the market share of calcium channel blockers is over 60% in the antihypertensive drug sales in Korea1) and one study documented that CCB was the major choice prescribed antihypertensive drug (over 60%)2). Currently, thirteen dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are used in SNUH, but we don't have any data about its real use. This study is an attempt to investigate on outpatient prescriptions of the CCB and to be a reference when same class drug launched in the hospital. The medical record of 11,727 patients (M/F 46%/54%, average 62.3 years) administrated CCB from July to September in 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 13 calcium channel blockers, no specific preference in gender or age was found. The prescription rate of CCB was highest in the department of Internal Medicine Cardiology, and followed by departments of Neurology, Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Nephrology. Amlodipine was the most frequently prescribed agent and Nifedipine, Lacidipine, Barnidipine, Felodipine and Lercanidipine, in order of preference, were prescribed. Including Isradipine, other remaining seven calcium channel blockers occupied only 8% of the total CCB prescriptions. We found Amlodipine monotherapy 38%, combination with beta-blockers 12%, angiotensin II receptor blockers 11%, ACE inhibitors 7%.
배윤영(Yoon-Yeong Bae),김응선(Eung-Seon Kim),김민환(Minhwan Kim) 대한기계학회 2018 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2018 No.12
In the numerical simulation of a fluid at supercritical pressure flowing upward in vertical heated channels, difficulties arise due to the dramatic variation of physical properties, especially density, when fluid temperature crosses the pseudocritical temperature. Many different turbulence models were tried to simulate the fluid flo w under strong property (especially density) variation, but never succeeded in reproducing experimental data. This failure is considered to be caused by ineptness of the presently-available turbulence models in the simulation of strong property-varying fluids. In the present study a new eddy viscosity model is presented, which adopted a different approach in using the length and time scales rather than the velocity and length scales. The new eddy viscosity model also incorporated the influence of density gradient. With the new models, fluid flows accompanying strong density gradient were successfully simulated, and satisfactorily agreed with the experimental data.