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혼합 계면활성제 시스템에서의 온도에 따른 점도 변화 효과
한동성,배상수,천은우,지경엽,조인식 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1
In general, the viscosity of fluid increases as temperature decreases, and decreases as temperature increases. This phenomenon can be explained by decreasing mobility of molecules as temperature decreases. But, we found the opposite phenomenon that viscosity decreases as temperature decreases in particular mixed surfactant system. To analyze this phenomenon, various experiments have been proceeded such as composition (anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic surfactant), variation of zwitterion surfactants, structure of hydrophobic chains, structure of Hydrotrope, variation of pH. Conclusively, controlling the complex of zwitterion and anionic surfactant, we could control the viscosity of mixed surfactant system on variation of temperature. We analyzed this phenomenon theoretically, and then can complete "The technology of viscosity control by temperatre in micellar phase".
결핵균항원에 대한 폐결핵환자의 임파구 증식반응에 관한 연구
백태현,김준배,박정규,김화중,조은경,최대경 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1992 생물공학연구지 Vol.2 No.-
T lymphocytes are thought to play a central role in cell mediated immune response. To study the T lymphocyte proliferative response to purified 30-kDa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) isolated from healthy controls and tuberculosis patients were stimulated with the 30-kDa antigen, crude antigen and PHA. Healthy controls and tuberculosis patients were divided into PPD(+), PPD(-) groups and AFB(-), AFB(+) groups, respectively. PBL proliferation were determined by the ^3H-thymidine incorporation assay and MTT colorimetric assay. PBL proliferation with 30-kDa and crude protein antigens measured by both methods were almost identical(r=0.74, p<0.001). The lymphocyte proliferation to 30-kDa antigen and crude antigen were singnificantly increased in PPD(+) healthy controls and tuberculosis patients when compared to those in PPD(-) controls, but response to PHA was no significant difference. Analysis to T cell subsets of proliferated lymphocytes performed by the indirect immunoalkaline phosphatase techniques were no difference between not only healthy controls and patients groups, but also stimulated antigen or PHA, and especially, at all groups, the percentage of T8 cell was higher than that of T4 cell.
위암세포에 의한 종양침윤 림프구의 면역반응 억제기전에 관한 연구
박정규,송규상,서광선,최정목,배진선,장일성,윤완희,노승무,조은경,백태현 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ('1°ILs) interact most closely with tumor cells and thus are more likely to reflect tumor host interactions accurately. But it is unknown whether such T cells are nonspecific inflammatory cells or a subset of specific host immune responses. In this study, there was no clear correlation between the infiltration of T lymphocytes in stomach cancer and the overexpression of c-ErbB-2 or increasing class I MHC expression on tumor cells. A positive correlation was seen between the presence of TILs in the tumor and tumors with diploidy by flow cytometric DNA analysis. The proliferative responses of Ills stimulated with IL-2, anti-CD3 mAb, or both were examined. When compared to normal mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphocytes, the proliferative response of TILs to high dose IL-2 was minimal. A similarly poor response to anti-CD3 mAb plus IL-2 was also observed. The freshly isolated TILs exhibit reduced ability to proliferate in response to IL-2, anti-CD3 mAb or both. The microenvironment of the tumor suppresses the proliferative capacity of the TILs. The mechanism of this suppression remains unknown. It could be mediated by suppressor cells, by soluble substances within the tumor, or both. To examine this question, supernatants of stomach cancer cells (SNSNU-1) were tested for the presence of immunosuppressive factors. Human peripheral blood T-cells and tumor-draining lymph node lymphocytes (TDLNL) were incubated for 3 days with SNSNU-1 and then assessed for proliferative responses to PMA, anti-CD28 mAb, or both and for the inducibility to express IFN- r or IL-4 mRNA to PMA. Peripheral blood T-cells pretreated with SNSNU-1 were unable to proliferate in response to PMA, anti-CD28 mAb or both. SNSNU-1 also produces inhibitory activities of TDLNL proliferative response to PMA or anti-CD28 mAb and PMA (49%, 52%, respectively). In contrast, culture supernatants obtained from HEp-2, K562 or Daudi showed normal proliferative responsiveness of peripheral blood T-cells and TDLNL by PMA, anti-CD28 mAb or both.
On Missing Objects: Model-Interpretive Anaphora or Ellipsis
Eun Gyeong Bae,Jeong Seok Kim 현대문법학회 2012 현대문법연구 Vol.70 No.-
This paper examines the phenomena of missing objects in Korean, given linguistic or situational contexts. It is argued that the null object construction in Korean is model-interpretive anaphora in terms of Sag and Hankamer`s (1984) dichotomy of anaphora as model-interpretive anaphora or ellipsis. Instead of a DP ellipsis analysis, a pro analysis of null object constructions is thus defended. To be specific, the concept of sloppy readings in anaphora is articulated along the line of Hoji (2003): personal pronouns [+β] vs. names [+α]. As a consequence, it is confirmed that there is neither DP ellipsis nor CP ellipsis in Korean.
Bae, Jeong Mo,Kim, Jung Ho,Oh, Hyeon Jeong,Park, Hye Eun,Lee, Tae Hun,Cho, Nam-Yun,Kang, Gyeong Hoon Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2017 Modern pathology Vol.30 No.2
<P>Acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 is an emerging key enzyme for cancer metabolism, which supplies acetyl-CoA for tumor cells by capturing acetate as a carbon source under stressed conditions. However, implications of acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 in colorectal carcinoma may differ from other malignancies, because normal colonocytes use short chain fatty acids as an energy source, which are supplied by fermentation of the intestinal flora. Here we analyzed acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 mRNA expression by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR in paired normal mucosa and tumor tissues of 12 colorectal carcinomas, and subsequently evaluated acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 157 premalignant colorectal lesions, including 60 conventional adenomas and 97 serrated polyps, 1,106 surgically resected primary colorectal carcinomas, and 23 metastatic colorectal carcinomas in the liver. In reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis, acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in tumor tissues compared with corresponding normal mucosa tissues. In acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 immunohistochemistry analysis, all 157 colorectal polyps showed moderate to -strong expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase-2. However, cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 expression was downregulated (acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 low expression) in 771 (69.7%) of 1,106 colorectal carcinomas and 21 (91.3%) of 23 metastatic lesions. The colorectal carcinomas with acetyl-CoA synthetase-2-low expression were significantly associated with advanced TNM stage, poor differentiation, and frequent tumor budding. Regarding the molecular aspect, acetyl-CoA synthetase-2-low expression exhibited a tendency of frequent KRT7 expression and decreased KRT20 and CDX2 expression. In survival analysis, acetyl-CoA synthetase-2-low expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor 5-year progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.79; P = 0.01). In conclusion, these findings suggest that downregulation of acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 expression is a metabolic hallmark of tumor progression and aggressive behavior in colorectal carcinoma.</P>