Clinical Outcome of Modified Cervical Lateral Mass Screw Fixation Technique

Kim, Seong-Hwan,Seo, Won-Deog,Kim, Ki-Hong,Yeo, Hyung-Tae,Choi, Gi-Hwan,Kim, Dae-Hyun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2012 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.52 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was 1) to analyze clinically-executed cervical lateral mass screw fixation by the Kim's technique as suggested in the previous morphometric and cadaveric study and 2) to examine various complications and bicortical purchase that are important for b-one fusion. Methods : A retrospective study was done on the charts, operative records, radiographs, and clinical follow up of thirty-nine patients. One hundred and seventy-eight lateral mass screws were analyzed. The spinal nerve injury, violation of the facet joint, vertebral artery injury, and the bicortical purchases were examined at each lateral mass. Results : All thirty-nine patients received instrumentations with poly axial screws and rod systems, in which one hundred and seventy-eight screws in total. No vertebral artery injury or nerve root injury were observed. Sixteen facet joint violations were observed (9.0%). Bicortical purchases were achieved on one hundred and fifty-six (87.6%). Bone fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion : The advantages of the Kim's technique are that it is performed by using given anatomical structures and that the complication rate is as low as those of other known techniques. The Kim's technique can be performed easily and safely without fluoroscopic assistance for the treatment of many cervical diseases.

제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도

남기덕,김영설,박철영,오승준,김덕윤,우정택,김성운,양인명,김진우,최영길 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.6

연구배경:인슐린저항성은 제2형 당뇨병과 심혈관질환의 주요한 위험 인자로 성호르몬과 상호 관계가 있다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 여성과는 달리 남성에서는 연령과 인슐린저항성에 따른 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도의 변화에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로, 본 저자등은 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정산인과 비교해서 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도를 측정하고 연령에 따른 변화 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:대상 환자 모두에서 연령과 체질량지수, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 공복혈당과 인슐린 농도를 측정하였다. 혈중 유리 테스토스테론 농도는 방사면역측정법(radioimmunoassay)을 이용해서 측정하였고, 혈중 성호르몬 결합글로불린은 면역방사계측측정법(immunoradiometric assay)을 이용해서 측정하였다(Diagnostic System Laoratories, Wbster, TX, USA). 결과:1)제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 대조군 남성에 비해 성호르몬 결합글로불린은 104.1±35.0 vs 25.7±3.5 mole×10??로 의미 있게 높았으나(p<0.001), 유리 테스토스테론은 13.7±9.5 vs 13.6±6.5 ng/dL로 차이가 없었다. 2)연령과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 사이의 상관 계수는 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 0.40로 중등고의 양의 상관 관계를 보였고(p<0.001), 정상 대조군 남성에서 0.11로 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 연령과 유리 테스토스테론 사이의 상관 계수는 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 0.08, 정상 대조군 남성에서-0.17로 모두에서 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 3)연령과 체질량지수를 보정한 후에 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자와 정상 대조군 남성에서 혈중 인슐린 농도, 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 사이에는 상관 관계가 없었다. 결론:제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 남성에 비해 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도가 증가되어 있었으며, 유리 테스토스테론은 차이가 없었다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 성호르몬 결합 글로블린이 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 남성에 비해 증가 폭이 의미있게 컸으며, 유리 테스토스테론은 변화가 없었다. Background: Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are many previous studies indicating that insulin lowers serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels, and there is inverse correlation between insulin resistance and serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in women. However, in men, a limited number of studies are available to explain the effect of sex hormone on age and insulin. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship among free testosterone, hormone-binding globulin and age in type 2 diabetic men and control subjects. Method: Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, and insulin concentrations were examined on 89 type 2 diabetic men and 47 control subjects. The free testosterone level was measured by commercially available double-antibody system (Radioimmunoassay). The sex hormone-binding globulin level was also measured by commercially available double-antibody system(Immunoradiometric assay). Results: 1) Sex hormone-binding globulin level was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there was no significantly difference in free testosterone level between the two groups. 2) Sex hormone-binding globulin was positively correlated with age (r=0.4, p <0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone were not correlated with age in control sujects. 3) Free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were not significantly related to serum insulin concentration after adjusting for age and body mass index. Conclusions: We observed increased sex hormone-binding globulin concentration in diabetes man, and was a positively related to age. Further studies are needed to understand the relationships between age, insulin resistance, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations(J Kor Diabetes Asso 24:699~707,2000).

국가기술자격 검정의 위탁 확대를 위한 민간기관의 자격검정 능력 실태 분석

김덕기,김상진,이동임 한국직업능력개발원 2006 직업능력개발연구 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 기존의 정부주도형 국가기술자격제도의 구조적 한계를 극복하고 수요자 중심의 자격제도 시행이 효과적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 검정의 민간 위탁 확대 시행방안을모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 위탁 대상 기관의 현황과 이들 기관의 자격검정 관리·운영 능력 실태를 조사하고, 이에 근거하여 국가기술자격검정 위탁의 효율적인 시행 방안을 제시하였다. 위탁 대상 기관의 현황 및 실태는 사업주 단체, 국가자격 검정기관, 국가공인민간자격관리자, 공공기관의 교육훈련 또는 자격검정 담당자를 대상으로 한 설문조사와 면담조사를 통해 이들 기관의 국가기술자격 검정의 위탁 참여 의사, 검정 관리·운영 능력, 위탁 시의 문제점 등을 조사하였다. 연구결과 민간기관의 국가기술자격검정의 위탁 수행에 대한 의지는 높으나, 검정 관리·운영능력을 고려할 때 국가기술자격 검정의 위탁을 단기간 내에 확대 시행하기에는 어려움이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이미 국가자격검정을 전국적으로 시행하고 있는 민간기관의 경우해당 분야의 전문성과 대표성을 확보하고 있고, 전국적인 검정 시행 경험과 검정 인프라를 구축하고 있는 것으로 조사되어, 상대적으로 적은 예산지원과 기술지원으로 국가기술자격검정의 위탁 확대 시행이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. The government-led national technical qualification system is said to have failed in meeting the demands of the rapidly changing labor market due to its rigidity. To better satisfy customer demands, including those of industries, the Korean government has encouraged the private sector to participate and take a more active role improving the qualification system, and has extended the entrustment of the national technical qualification testing to private organizations. The purpose of this study is to propose an implementation plan for the government to help promote efficient entrustment of national technical qualification testing to private organizations. The research methods used in the study were questionnaire survey and interviews with those in charge of qualification testing or education and training in national qualification testing institutes, industry or occupational associations and government-authorized private qualification institutes. The main purpose of the survey and interviews was to investigate private organizations‘ capacity to carry out national qualifications testing and their will to participate as national technical qualifications testing centers. The results indicate that most of private organizations hope to become testing centers of national technical qualifications, It, however, seems to be too premature to extent the entrustment of national technical qualification testing to private organizations considering their lack of ability to carry out the testing task of the national technical qualifications.

공기중의 Radon 방사능 측정에 의한 서울 대기의 혼합높이 결정

김의훈,김필수,김채옥,이건상,권기덕 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1985 環境科學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

서울 대기의 혼합높이를 1984년1월부터 4월 사이에 지표고도에서 측정한 ??으로부터 결정하였다. ?? 농도로부터 상당혼합높이를 계산하기 위하여 한 수식 모델을 개발하였다. 이로부터 계산한 상당혼합높이는 늦은 오후에 최고 및 밤 또는 이른 아침에 최저값을 가지며 수 십 미터에서 1킬로미터 또는 그 이상의 높이를 보이는 일변화를 나타냈다. 평균혼합높이는 겨울이 낮았다. 이와 같은 변화는 대기의 안정도, 일조시간, 기온 등 대기의 인자와 밀접한 관계가 있었다. The mixing heigt of the atmosphere in Seoul was determined from the measurement of ?? concentration in air at ground level for January 1984 to April 1984. In order to calculate the equivalent mixing height from ?? concentration, a mathematical model was developed. The equivalent mixing heights calculated from this model showed diurnal variation with the highest values in the late afternoon and the lowest during night hours or early morning ranging from several tens to one thousand meters or more. The average heights represented lower values in the winter. These variations were closely related to the atmospheric factors, such as atmospheric stability, daytime hour, and temperature, etc.

경사판이 설치된 포기조의 수면밀착식 복개방안에 관한 연구

김영규,김기성,라덕관 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

We examined about several construction designs for Water Surface Contacting Cover System (WSCCS) aeration tank according to covering method: concrete or plate cover system on conventional aeration tank, and single layer, partial double layer, complete double layer, double layer and upper plate cover system on novel aeration tank. In the case of conventional aeration tank, concrete cover system has some restrictions structurally and actually, but plate cover system is reasonable in economic aspect. In the case of establishment of new aeration tank, double or complete double layer cover system will be suitable in using the upper place of aeration cover for the ground. But in order to improve an efficiency of wastewater treatment, upper plate cover system will be recommended as a WSCCS aeration tank.

오존, 오존/超音波 및 오존/紫外線을 利用한 廢水處理

金基成,羅德寬,李禹範 순천대학교 공업기술연구소 1988 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The wasterwater treatment using combination system of ozone/ultrasonics or ozone/ultraviolets compared with the ozone was able to increase the ozone oxidation rate and hydrogenperoxide generation. But, the patterns of interactions between ozone and ultrasonics or ultraviolets are very complex, and reaction mechanism are not understood completely. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate fundamental factors of effective ozonization when this combination works were carried out.

SBR공정을 이용한 혼합하수 처리에 관한 연구

김영규,김기성,라덕관 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1

SBR(Sequencing Batch Reator) operation is basically consisted with fill, react, settle, draw and idle on the one basin. Therefore the SBR system is thought as the space conception is changed to the time conception. On this study, to evaluate the reaction characteristic about SBR, the seven exchanges such like on-air or off-air condition, were performed. Through the experiments on SBR, the average removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, SS, T-N and T-P were showed as 89.0%, 88.8%, 95.5%, 40.9% and 39.7%. Additionally, the nitrification and denitrification rate were measured as 1.236㎎NH_4^-N/gMLVSS/hr and 0.280㎎NO_3^-N/gMLVSS/hr, respectively. Meanwhile, the values for the parameters K_S, k, Y and k_d could be determined as 176.7(㎎/L), 2.4(/day), 0.683 and 0.0036(/day)for the various treatment processes on SBR by using the synthetic sewage.

비주거용 시설의 물 사용 실태 분석에 관한 연구

김영규,김기성,라덕관 7개 국립대학교 환경연구논문집 공동발행 위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

Questionnaire survey was executed to evaluate the water usage pattern about using type and overall satisfaction of water-conservation equipment or device, water price and etc. in non-residential district of Jeonnam Province. Speciffic results obtained from the survey are as follows. In non-residential district the largest portion of water usage was as follows; washing and shower in lodging accommodation 50%.0%, cooking in restaurant 61.0%, washing and shower in public bath 50.0%, cooking in office/public institution 41.6% and cooking in school 41.6%. On the other hand, the usage of underground water in the same district was 15.3% in oldging accommodation, 61.0% in restaurant, 57.2% in office/public institution and 84.1% in school. In the survey on the consciousness for water conservation, opinion that waste of water is excessive was 83.1% and consciousness on water shortage country was 91.7%. It was assumed that the water shortage will be happen 5 years after. Opinion that water shortage is necessary was 86.0%. Perchentage for aapropriate water shortage portion was 25.0%. It was shown than television is the most effective media for public information. In non-residential district, water-conservation equipment was installed as 50.1% on an average, 53.1% was satisfied the usage of water-conservation equipment. Water usage was reduced by the equipment as 47%. 29.5% agreed to rise the water price as suitable raising rate, 10%. Dual water system was established in lodging accommodation(4.6%), public bath(4.5%) and office/public institution(2.3%), but it was not established in school. Concern in rainwater harvesting was as follows; lodging accommodation 50.0%, restaurant 49.2%, public bath 77.3%, office/public institution 2.3% and school 38.7%. Results from the survey on recognition of indoor water leakage was shown as lodging accommodation 68.2%, restaurant 80.8%, public bath 81.8%, office/public institution 61.4%, and school 70.5%

全州市 大規模 住宅開發이 三川에 미치는 影響

金煥起,李基完,裸悳寬,丁泰燮 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1988 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.3 No.-

A site plan for 16,110 persons and area of 308,569㎡ was planned by Chonju City. This paper is to study the effects of the site development on Sam-cheon. Average water quality of Sam-cheon was BOD_5 46.0㎎/ℓ in Jan. and Feb., which exceeded the class levels of legislated water quality obviously. If the site were developed by plan, amounts of estimated overall sewage, BOD and SS loads to Sam-cheon would be about 2,954 ㎥/day, 702 ㎏ BOD/day and 409 ㎏SS/day respectively. Even if the sewage of developed area is treated through the legislated purification system, BOD concentration of the stream would be 2.2 ㎎/ℓ more than the present by effluent of purification facilities. Therefore, to prevent more degradation of water quality at least, the pollutional regulation of total emission for the stream could be applied to Sam-cheon with a time-limit.

영국 쉐필드(Sheffield) 시 도심재생계획의 특징에 관한 연구

김영환,백기영,오덕성 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.9

This paper aims to search the characteristics of urban regeneration in England and find the suggestion for the urban regeneration in Korea. For this purpose, we reviewed the urban regeneration techniques in physical/spatial aspect and established analysis framework for case study, which is consisted of historic/cultural environment, pedestrian street, mixed-use, urban housing, retail facilities. Site for case study was chosen Sheffield City Center district, because she has various experiences concerning urban decline and urban regeneration in modern history. As a result of this study, we can draw some characteristics of city center regeneration in Sheffield such as consistent urban policy & organic linkage between related plans, clear strategic vision & masterplan-led approach, well-developed project oriented urban regeneration plan, collaborative partnership between public/private sector, reflecting resource in place to deliver based on baseline study, and citizen participation and community-based approach etc.