초음파에 의한 전완 국소 온도와 정중 운동 신경전도 속도의 변화

전차선,김택연 대한정형도수치료학회 2006 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.12 No.1

PURPOSE: Previous studies have documented the lack of ultrasound's non-thermal effects on nerve conduction using frequencies of 1 MHz and 870 kHz. The purpose of this study was to determine the biophysical effects of continuous ultrasound on median local forearm temperature and motor nerve conduction velocities using frequencies of 3.0 MHz. SUBJECTS: Twelve healthy subjects (6 males, 6 females, age 22.30±2.41 yrs, weight 61.33±10.16 kg, height 167.58±8.04 cm) without a history of neurological or musculoskeletal injury to their dominant arm volunteered for this study. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Each subject received a total of five treatments, one each at .0, 0.5, 1.0 ,1.5, 2.0 W/㎠ of 3 MHz continuous ultrasound on the anterior surface of the middle area of dominant forearm for 10 minutes. Dependent measures for forearm local temperature and median motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were taken pretreatment and immediately post-treatment. One-way ANOVA were used for each dependent measure. RESULTS: The posttreatment forearm local temperature were differed significantly (p<0.00l) between intensities of ultrasound. The posttreatment forearm local temperature of the ultrasound treated with 1.0 w/㎠, 1.5 w/㎠ and 2.0w/㎠ were significantly higher than 0.5 w/㎠ and 0.0w/㎠ of ultrasound (p<0.05). The posttreatment median MNCV were differed significantly from the respective pretreatment velocities (p<0.001). The MNCV of the ultrasound treated with 0.0 w/㎠ and 0.5 w/㎠ were significantly (p<0.05) slower than that observed pretreatment, while the three ultrasound intensities produced significantly increased posttreatment MNCV: 1.0 w/㎠ and 1.5 w/㎠ and 2.0 W/㎠. The posttreatment MNCV at 2.0 w/㎠ and 1.5 w/㎠ was significantly faster than that at 0 w/㎠, 0.5 w/㎠ and 1.0 w/㎠ (p<0.05), the MNCV at 1.0 w/㎠ was significantly faster than that associated with 0 w/㎠ and 0.5 w/㎠ of ultrasound (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The decreased median motor forearm local temperature and MNCV of the ultrasound treated with 0.0 w/㎠ and 0.5 w/㎠ were attributed to the cooling effect by ultrasound transmission gel. Local forearm temperature and nerve conduction velocity were directly related to the intensity of ultrasound. Alterations in MNCV from ultrasound on healthy nerves appeared to be related to temperature changes induced by thermal effects of ultrasound.

Impact of 8-Week Bedside Ultrasound Training for Surgical Residents in the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital - a Pilot Study

Kyoung Moo Im,Eun Young Kim 대한외과초음파학회 2021 대한외과초음파학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose: Bedside ultrasound has become one of the most important non-invasive and readily available diagnostic tools, especially for critically ill patients. Despite the increasing usage and importance of bedside ultrasound, a standard and well-structured training program for surgical residents is still lacking. This study assessed and evaluated the effectiveness of our new 8-weeks ultrasound course for surgical residents. Methods: Twenty-two residents from the department of general surgery from a tertiary care hospital in Korea attended the newly designed 8-weeks of bedside ultrasound training course in the surgical intensive care unit. A multimodal approach was used including didactic lectures about the basics of ultrasound as well as daily hands-on ultrasound examinations of patients under the supervision of an instructor. Participants documented their ultrasound findings and determined self-proficiency in ultrasound techniques using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: After the educational intervention, the proficiency scores of the residents showed a significant improvement in every element (P < 0.001). Proficiency scores also showed a significant improvement regardless of their previous exposure to ultrasound manipulation. Among the most perceived barriers in using bedside ultrasound were lack of education (43%) and lack of a feedback system (29%). Conclusion: The confidence of surgical residents in their use of bedside ultrasound could be improved with a well-structured training program. In addition, a short and intense program may help them to overcome the barriers that they may perceive to using bedside ultrasound. The authors believe such programs should be encouraged in all surgical residencies so that residents can competently use bedside ultrasound for the primary care of critically ill patients.

Immersion Ultrasonography of Excised Nonpalpable Breast Lesion Specimens after Ultrasound-Guided Needle Localization

이기열,서보경,이안,제보경,조규란,우옥희,김미영,차상훈,김영식,손길수,김영수 대한영상의학회 2008 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.9 No.4

Objective: Ultrasound-guided needle localization has been used prior to the surgical excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of the use of a saline immersion specimen ultrasound technique (immersion-US) to confirm the successful removal of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: The devised immersion-US technique was used to examine the excised tissues of 72 ultrasound-guided needle localized breast lesions of 58 patients (34 benign lesions, 30 high-risk lesions and 8 malignant lesions). Freshly excised specimens were placed in a container filled with saline and one radiologist scanned the surgically excised specimens using a high-frequency linear transducer. We evaluated successful lesion removal and the qualities of the immersion-US images. Miss rates were determined by the use of postoperative ultrasound during follow-up. Results: All 72 lesions were identified by the use of immersion-US and satisfactory or excellent quality images were obtained for most lesions (70/72, 97%). Five (7%) lesions were initially identified as incompletely excised, based on the immersion-US findings, and prompt re-excision was undertaken. Follow-up ultrasound examinations showed no residual mass in the surgical field in any patient. Conclusion: The immersion-US technique was found straightforward and efficient to perform. Immersion-US was able to determine whether nonpalpable breast lesions had been successfully excised after ultrasound-guided needle localization. Objective: Ultrasound-guided needle localization has been used prior to the surgical excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of the use of a saline immersion specimen ultrasound technique (immersion-US) to confirm the successful removal of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: The devised immersion-US technique was used to examine the excised tissues of 72 ultrasound-guided needle localized breast lesions of 58 patients (34 benign lesions, 30 high-risk lesions and 8 malignant lesions). Freshly excised specimens were placed in a container filled with saline and one radiologist scanned the surgically excised specimens using a high-frequency linear transducer. We evaluated successful lesion removal and the qualities of the immersion-US images. Miss rates were determined by the use of postoperative ultrasound during follow-up. Results: All 72 lesions were identified by the use of immersion-US and satisfactory or excellent quality images were obtained for most lesions (70/72, 97%). Five (7%) lesions were initially identified as incompletely excised, based on the immersion-US findings, and prompt re-excision was undertaken. Follow-up ultrasound examinations showed no residual mass in the surgical field in any patient. Conclusion: The immersion-US technique was found straightforward and efficient to perform. Immersion-US was able to determine whether nonpalpable breast lesions had been successfully excised after ultrasound-guided needle localization.

메타분석 연구를 통해 증명된 손목터널증후군에 대한 초음파의 유용성

이상철 대한임상통증학회 2023 Clinical Pain Vol.22 No.1

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a very common and important disease caused by entrapment of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. With the widespread use of high-resolution ultrasound, ultrasound is being used usefully in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Compared to electrodiagnostic study, ultrasound examinations are easier and, above all, non-invasive. In addition, ultrasound-guided injection can be performed alone or in combination with ultrasound examination. In the case of nerve hydrodissection, which has recently been spotlighted as a treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, it is the procedure that could not be attempted before without ultrasound equipment. In this paper, through a comprehensive review of meta-analysis literatures, we look back at the value of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for carpal tunnel syndrome and the effect of ultrasound-guided injection to get an objective perspective and gain new insights. The usefulness of ultrasound will be largely divided into applications of ultrasound-guided injection, diagnosis, and sonoelastography.

Breeding and Genetics : Estimation of Genetic Correlations and Selection Responses for Carcass Traits Between Ultrasound and Real Carcass Measurements in Hanwoo Cows

( Ji Hyun Son ),( Deuk Hwan Lee ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2013 한국축산학회지 Vol.55 No.6

This study was conducted to determine genetic correlations among carcass traits measured by ultrasound and real carcass measurements and to estimate indirect selection responses for real carcass traits based on ultrasound measurements in Hanwoo cows. To accomplish this, 22,080 ultrasound measurement records from 17,926 cows collected from 2001 to 2012 and 11,907 carcass records obtained from fattened cattle from 2008 to 2012 were used. Genetic parameters were estimated based on eye muscle area(EMA), backfat thickness(BF) and marbling score(MS) measured by ultrasound-scanning of live cows and using the official technique on chilled bovine half-carcasses after slaughtering. Heritability and genetic correlation for carcass traits were estimated using a mixed model equation that consisted of environmental effects as fixed parameters and additive genetic effects and residual effects as random parameters, assuming that traits were different between ultrasound and carcass measurements. This statistical method was applied to the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. The heritability of EMA, BF and MS measured by ultrasound were 0.33, 0.61 and 0.46, respectively, while the heritability estimates of the corresponding traits based on carcass measurements were 0.29, 0.40 and 0.38, respectively and the genetic correlation between ultrasound and carcass traits for EMA, BF and MS were 0.41, 0.78 and 0.67, respectively. The genetic correlation between ultrasound and carcass traits was highly positive. Additionally, the selection response for marbling score was estimated to be 0.42 per generation if the cows were selected based on the ultrasound scan marbling score with an assumed selection intensity of 0.8. Overall, these results indicate that the ultrasound scan technique would be applicable to judging cow selection for genetically improved meat quality.

젖소의 초음파 유도 채란율에 대한 FSH 전처리 효과의 비교

박충생,조성근,이정규,강태영,박성재,공일근,최민철,Park, Chung-Saeng,Jo, Seong-Geun,Lee, Jeong-Gyu,Gang, Tae-Yeong,Park, Seong-Jae,Gong, Il-Geun,Choe, Min-Cheol 한국동물번식학회 1997 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.21 No.2

Ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration was performed in Holstein heifers once weekly with or without pretreatment of single or multiple decreasing doses using a total of 400 mg FSH. Oocytes were aspirated with a 6.5 MHz convex-array ultrasound trasducer designed for intravaginal use. All the visible follicles larger than 4 mm in diameter were punctured with a 17 gauge, 55 cm needle at each aspiration session and the follicular fluids containing oocytes were obtained by vacuum suction. The results obtained were as follows: As a preliminary experiment, the recovery rates of folicular oocytes by ultrasound-guided aspiration from the isolated ovaries of Korean native cows were compared between suction methods using manual syringe or vacuum pump. The recovery rate of oocytes using vacuum pump (80.7%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that using manual syringe (47.1%). The follicles were counted by their size in diameter with ultrasound image, and recovery rates and grades of follicular oocytes collected by ultrasound-guided aspiration were investigated in Holstein heifers pretreated with or without FSH. A group of heifiers were injected with multiple decreasing doses (twice a day for 3 days) of a total of 400 mg FSH. The other 2 groups were injected with a single dose of 400 mg FSH mixed with 25% PVP. Ultrasound observation of follicle population and/or ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte aspiration were performed 12 hrs following the last FSH injection in the multiple dose group, and 48 or 60 hrs after FSH injection in the single dose groups. Most of the visible follicles had small size of less than 3 mm in diameter in unstimulated heifers (71.0%), but medium size in all the heifers treated with FSH. (70.5 to 92.8%). The number of OPU follicles per session (4.6$\pm$1.9) were much less, compared to the vilsible follicle counts (9.7$\pm$2.2), in the nustimulated heifers due to the small dominant follicles. Among 4 goups of heifers the most visible as well as OPU follicles were observed in the heifers at 60 hrs following treatment of a single dose of 400 mg FSH (21.2$\pm$2.3 and 21.0$\pm$2.0), and the differences in both the follicle counts between the groups was found significant (P<0.05) The rates of oocyte recovery from the follicles by ultrasound-guilded aspiration were varied 46.3 to 75.0% in the heifers unstimulated and treated with a single dose of 400 mg FSH, but the group difference was not significant. The number of recovered oocytes per session a, pp.ared to be highest at aspiration at 60 hrs following single FSH (10.6$\pm$2.2) than at aspiration at 48 hrs after single FSH (7.8$\pm$2.7) or in the unstimulated heifers (3.4$\pm$3.0). The proportion of grade I and II oocytes to all oocytes collected was varied 31.8 to 64.0% between the groups. However, there was found no significant difference in both the number of oocytes recovered per session and the percentage and the percentage of grade I and II oocytes. From the above results it was concluded that the more oocytes of superior quality might be recovered economically by ultrasound-guided aspiration at 60 hrs following the pretreatment of a single dose of 400 mg FSH and by suction using a vacuum pump system of about negative pressure of 75 to 85 mmHg.

Preceding treatment of non-thermal plasma (NTP) assisted the bactericidal effect of ultrasound on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Liao, Xinyu,Li, Jiao,Muhammad, Aliyu Idris,Suo, Yuanjie,Ahn, Juhee,Liu, Donghong,Chen, Shiguo,Hu, Yaqin,Ye, Xingqian,Ding, Tian Elsevier 2018 FOOD CONTROL Vol.90 No.-

<P>Ultrasound is a promising non-thermal inactivation technique. However, ultrasound treatment alone is not very effective. In this study, combined applications of ultrasound and non-thermal plasma (NTP) were assessed for their inactivation efficacy and the physiological change on Staphylococcus aureus cells. The lethal and sublethal injury induced by individual ultrasound, NTP, ultrasound-NTP (UP) and NTP-ultrasound treatments was determined by plate count method. Then, we applied fluorescent technology to demonstrate the physiological variations of S. aureus during various treatments. NTP exposure followed by ultrasound treatment exhibited the highest inactivation rate of S. aureus, Prior NTP helped to provide enough reactive oxygen species (ROS) dissolved in the medium, and the subsequent ultrasound assisted in the injection of ROS into S. aureus cells. This accelerated the reaction between ROS and intracellular biomolecules, which led to the rapid death of the microbes. On the contrary, S. aureus cells treated with ultrasound first were more likely to develop and enhance oxidative response, allowing S. aureus to resist toward the following NTP stressor. Therefore, the findings of this study may be used to the optimization of hurdle technologies of ultrasound and NTP in practice. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Microbubbles used for contrast enhanced ultrasound and theragnosis: a review of principles to applications

이호현,김혜민,한현구,이민지,이선호,유홍근,장진호,김현철 대한의용생체공학회 2017 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.7 No.2

Ultrasound was developed several decades ago as a useful imaging modality, and it became the second real-time capabilities, and safety. Additionally, ultrasound has been used as a therapeutic tool with several therapeutic agents and in nanomedicine. Ultrasound imaging is often used to diagnose many types of cancers, including breast, stomach, and thyroid cancers. In addition, ultrasound-mediatedtherapy is used in cases of joint inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Microbubbles,when used as ultrasound contrast agents, can act as echoenhancers and therapeutic agents, and they can play anessential role in ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated therapy. Recently, various types of ultrasound contrastagents made of lipid, polymer, and protein shells have beenused. Air, nitrogen, and perfluorocarbon are usuallyincluded in the core of the microbubbles to enhanceultrasound imaging, and therapeutic drugs are conjugatedand loaded onto the surface or into the core of themicrobubbles, depending on the purpose and properties ofthe substance. Many research groups have utilizedultrasound contrast agents to enhance the imaging signal inblood vessels or tissues and to overcome the blood–brainbarrier or blood-retina barrier. These agents are also usedto help treat diseases in various regions or systems of thebody, such as the cardiovascular system, or as a cancertreatment. In addition, with the introduction of targetedmoiety and multiple functional groups, ultrasound contrastagents are expected to have a potential future in ultrasoundimaging and therapy. In this paper, we briefly review theprinciples of ultrasound and introduce the underlying theory,applications, limitations, and future perspectives ofultrasound contrast agents.

Effects of Ultrasound Targeted Destruction of Echogenic Nanobubbles Containing Doxorubicin in Rat Liver

박정현,박일영 대한외과초음파학회 2023 대한외과초음파학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Ultrasound is a widely used diagnostic medical imaging modality, and its therapeutic potential has recently been reported. This study examined whether ultrasound irradiation causes nanobubble destruction and identified the most effective frequency and duration of ultrasound for doxorubicin delivery in rat liver under ultrasound-targeted nanobubble destruction. Rats underwent an intravenous nanobubble injection via the caudal vein. An ultrasound probe was applied to the rat liver. The rats were divided into different groups based on the frequency. Fluorescence images were acquired using an IVIS® system. Laboratory tests were performed to determine the serum levels of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), total bilirubin, and creatinine. Under ultrasound irradiation, more nanobubbles were destroyed, and the doxorubicin uptake was increased in the rat liver (P < 0.05). The 5 MHz group showed an increased fluorescence efficiency in the liver (P < 0.05). Based on the duration of ultrasound irradiation, the 5, 10, and 13 MHz groups showed an increased fluorescence efficiency in the liver compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the 15- and 30-minute groups. The other organs showed no significant differences compared to the control group. The groups to which ultrasound was applied showed increased serum AST and ALT levels, but the effects did not last for 30 min. Ultrasound-targeted nanobubble destruction was effective for doxorubicin delivery in the rat liver. The most effective ultrasound frequency and irradiation duration were 5 MHz and 15 min, respectively.

Automated Ultrasound-based Inspection of Rails: Review

Suvi Santa-aho,Antti Nurmikolu,Minnamari Vippola 한국철도학회 2017 International Journal of Railway Vol.10 No.2

The main aim of the report is to review recent progress in the utilisation of ultrasound-based automated inspection systems for rails of railway tracks and to provide a basis for further research in the field of railway track inspection. This paper reviews the ultrasound technologies currently employed in the automated inspection of railway tracks, along with examples of recent field applications. The main research areas that this review focuses on are firstly, the utilisation of ultrasound inspection for rail tracks; secondly, the different automated ultrasound techniques, and, finally, the special features of the ultrasound inspection of railway tracks. In addition, there is a review of the most recent ultrasound-based systems, and future techniques that have not yet been automated or used in routine inspection.