지역사회교정 관점의 전자감시제의 한계 및 개선방향

허경미 한국교정학회 2009 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.42

Electronic monitoring programs of korea have been introduced in the sep. 2008. The first electronic monitoring device was developed in the mid-1960s in the United States. Currently Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other nations world-wide in an effort to reduce prison populations introduced Electronic monitoring programs. There are three types of electronic monitoring system: a Radio Frequency system. an active Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system, a passive GPS system. The ideas of electronic monitoring system are community incapacitation, community-level rehabilitation, restorative justice. which are same to objects of community correction. But There are something issues in electronic monitoring system. Examples of Legal Issues, Search and seizure right, electronic monitoring programs fee, Impact on the Family members, effect of crime deterrence. Particularly, these problems found in Florida State. We have to solve that problems for successful electronic monitoring system. First, we have to reform the law that is related the electronic monitoring system, Second, the electronic monitoring system be enlarge to other crime. Third, the criminals pay to the electronic monitoring system costs. Fourth, GPS monitoring system is continue and probationer is fast response action when find abnormal movement of offender. Fifth, we need to medicare and Community Attendance Center Orders to electronic monitoring criminal. 우리나라에서는 2008년 9월부터 시행된 전자감시제는 그 역사가 일천하지만, 미국에서는 1960년대에 이미 전자감시 장치가 보급될 정도로 중요한 교정행정 수단이며, 최근에는 캐나다, 영국 등 많은 국가에서 정착되고 있다. 전자감시제는 범죄자에 대한 지역사회활동의 무력화, 지역사회 복귀, 회복적 사법 등의 지역사회 교정처우의 이념을 바탕으로 한 비구금주의와 비시설주의를 대표하는 교정처우의 한 유형으로 이해할 수 있다. 그러나 전자감시제는 몇 가지 한계점을 안고 있다. 즉 범죄인 및 주변 시민의 인권침해에 대한 우려, 수색 및 체포영장의 필요성 여부, 비용부담의 주체, 전자감시의 적용범죄, 전자감시비용에 대비한 범죄예방효과, 전자감시 대상자 가정에의 영향 등이다. 특히 전자감시제를 성공적으로 운영하는 것으로 평가받는 플로리다주의 경우에도 이와 같은 문제점들이 발견되고 있어 별도의 위원회를 통한 지속적인 평가를 받고 문제점을 개선하고 있다. 따라서 우리나라에서 향후 전자감시제를 성공적으로 운영하기 위해서는 관련법의 정비, 대상별 전자감시 유형의 다양화 및 대상자의 비용부담, 전자감시 대상자에 대한 추적확인 강화, 보호관찰관 인력보강 등의 정책개선이 이루어져야한다. 특히 향후 전자감시 대상자가 늘어나고, 그 관리비용이나 보호관찰관의 증원이 절대적이라는 점을 고려할 때 전자감시장치의 부착비용 등에 대해서는 미국 및 캐나다 등의 경우처럼 대상자에게 일정부분 그 비용을 부담토록 하여, 전자감시제도 운영에 필요한 인력과 장비를 확보하는데 활용할 수 있어야한다. 또한 전자감시제를 성범죄자 이외의 다양한 범죄자에게까지 확대함으로써 사회내처우를 강화하여 범죄자의 사회화를 도와야한다. 나아가 전자감시의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 사회내 약물치료와 수강명령 등의 보호관찰이 병행되어야만 한다.

전자감시제도에 대한 헌법적 소고

조규범(Cho Kyu beom) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2007 성균관법학 Vol.19 No.3

  The criminal policy request that policy makers increase the treatment in the community for criminal offenders and decrease the cost of maintenance and management for correctional facilities. Application of the electronic monitoring system is currently attracted with great public attention complying with this request. In the Republic of Korea, the Act of GPS Attachment against Specific Sex Offenders("Electronic Bracelet Act") has been enacted on April 24, 2007, and the Act will co into effect on October 28, 2008. This Act shows that the age of the Electronic Monitoring System has actually come in Korea. This Act has been enacted to prevent repetition of a sex offense from the sex offender, and eventually to protect our community in a way which a GPS is attached against a specific sex offender after serving out his sentence or during the period of probation or parole.<BR>  The Electronic Monitoring System is able to satisfy the desire of punishment from ordinary people against criminal offenders in a different way. A strength of Electronic Monitoring is to prevent the danger of crime infection or isolation from ordinary life, which are weaknesses of the treatment in the facilities. The Electronic Monitoring System, however, is continuously criticized because it might be a system against human rights. This criticism is caused by a viewpoint that the Electronic Monitoring System could bring social and economic prejudice of human rights and ethics.<BR>  In case of system failure from electronic monitoring, it might cause the danger of our community with the extension of social surveillance network and the increasement of criminal offenders, which could not expect curtailment effect of imprisonment cost. A GPS attachment. which is the essential of "Electronic Bracelet Act", is attacked by some proponents who believe that it might infringe the principles of double jeopardy. excessive punishment prohibition, equal rights, freedom of human body, and privacy.<BR>  This article explores constitutional views against the Electronic Monitoring System because it might cause limitations to the fundamental human rights. Policy makers should make great efforts to prevent infringement against human rights in a way to establish clear cut line of limitation to the Electronic Monitoring System because the System of national government organizations or agencies might develop the way of surveillance against non-criminals beyond surveillance against criminals and prisoners. Part Ⅱ introduces the general concept of Electronic Monitoring System. It provides the definition, types of Electronic Monitoring, and targets of Electronic Monitoring. I also explore so me examples, cases. and related legal matters of foreign countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, etc. at Part Ⅲ, and then at Part Ⅳ Ⅰ analyze constitutional issues of Electronic Monitoring System. As a conclusion I emphasize major elements to consider before the Electronic Bracelet Act comes effect, and explain needs to the revision of related laws. After through study, the Electronic Monitoring System will lead an alternative measure to imprisonment punishment, which is not a view of strengthening of new criminal punishment.

과학화 경계시스템 고도화 연구: 이미지데이터 분석을 중심으로

이원재,손창호 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.6

Recently, border monitoring systems have become important worldwide, and as a result, automated intelligent border monitoring systems are being strengthened around the United States and Europe. This phenomenon is also seen in the military, and its beginning is the scientific boundary monitoring system. However, the scientific boundary monitoring system used by the army requires fast and accurate enemy monitoring and detection for the success of important boundary operations, but it still has many problems. Therefore, this study proposed deep learning-based image data classification and confirmed the possibility of a scientific boundary monitoring system based on this proposal through case studies. Hence, this study provided high reliability through image recognition using deep learning-based artificial intelligence in automatically monitoring enemy intrusions. Notably, 400 weapon system images divided into 4 classes were collected and preprocessed to enable the analysis classes of this study. Learning was performed by applying the VGG 16 model to the processed image data. And examining the classification accuracy using 10 image data for each class made it possible to confirm the possibility of using the proposed deep learning-based image data classification in the scientific boundary monitoring system. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it presented an objective and automated scientific boundary monitoring system compared to the previous system in which there were many subjective judgments and mistakes of troops. 최근 전 세계적으로 국가차원의 주요시설에 대한 경계시스템이 중요시되고 있고 그 결과 미국과 유럽을 중심으로 자동화된 지능형 경계시스템을 강화하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 군에서도 나타나고 있고 그 시작은 과학화 경계시스템이다. 하지만, 군에서 활용하고 있는 과학화 경계시스템은 국방에서 중요한 경계작전의 성공을 위해서 적시에 정확한 적의 감시 및 탐지가 필수적이지만 여전히 많은 문제점을 가지고 있으며 최근까지도 다양한 경계 실패의 사례를 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 운용되고 있는 과학화 경계시스템의 단순 모니터링의 기능에서 벗어나서 적의 침입을 자동으로 감시 및 감지하고 적절한 통제를 할 수 있도록 딥러닝 기반의 인공지능을 활용한 이미지 인식을 통해서 식별/인식의 정확도를 크게 향상하여 높은 수준의 신뢰성을 제공하는 지능형 경계시스템을 구축하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 실제 무기체계 관련 이미지 데이터를 활용한 사례연구를 통한 분석을 수행하여 지능형 경계시스템 고도화의 가능성을 살펴보았다. 분석은 4개의 클래스로 구분한 400개의 무기체계 이미지를 수집하여 분석이 가능하도록 전처리 하였다. 처리된 이미지 데이터는 VGG 16모델을 적용하여 학습을 수행하였으며 각 클래스별 10개의 테스트 이미지 데이터를 이용하여 분류 정확도를 살펴본 결과 거의 완벽하게 이미지 분류를 수행하여 과학화 경계시스템에서의 활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 과학화 경계시스템의 고도화를 위해서 이미지 데이터를 활용한 딥러닝 분석을 통해서 병력의 주관적 판단과 오류가 많았던 과거의 방식에 더해서 객관적이고 자동화된 방법을 제시하였다는 의의가 있다.

공공의료와 민간의료 자원을 활용한 선천성 이상 감시체계 모델

김광준(Kwang Jun Kim),임종한(Jong Han Leem),하은희(Eun Hee Ha),임문환(Moon Whan Im),홍윤철(Yun Chul Hong),이보은(Bo Eun Lee),문혜성(Hye Sung Moon),안정자(Jung Ja Ahn),우복희(Bock Hi Woo) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.7

목적 : 한국에서 선천성 이상과 저체중아의 발생 원인을 규명하기 위하여, 역학적인 선천성이상모니터링 체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 선천성 이상의 발생률과 발생 양상을 평가할 수 있는 선천성이상 감시체계의 새롭고 실제적인 모델을 설계하고, 시범적으로 인천시 연수구에서 이를 구축하는 것이다. 연구 방법 : 보건소와 민간 병의원이 협력하여 선천성이상을 모니터링 할 수 있는 감시체계를 구축하였으며, 인터넷 웹에 기반을 둔 전산화 보고체계와 자료관리체계가 만들어졌다. 훈련된 간호사가 2년동안 출생 신고서, 보건소 및 병의원 보고자료, 분만실 자료, 의무기록 등을 능동적으로 수집하였다 (1차년도 1998.12.1- 1999.11.31; 2차년도 2000.1.1-2000.12.31). 결과 : 1, 2차년도의 모니터링을 통하여, 본 연구에서는 1차년도 총출산 2482건중 25건, 2차년도 총 출산 3490건중 28건의 선천성이상 건수를 확인하였다. 총 출산아 1000명중 선천성이상 출산율은 1, 2차년도에 각각 10.1, 8.0이었다. 1차년도에 선천성이상의 가장 큰 비율은 근골격계 계통으로 전체의 28.0%이였다. 1차년도 소화기, 심혈관, 구개열 및 구개순 선천성이상의 비율은 전체의 20.0%, 12.0%, 12.0%이였다. 2차년도에 선천성이상의 가장 큰 비율은 소화기 계통으로 전체의 21.4%이였다. 2차년도 심혈관, 근골격계 선천성이상의 비율은 전체의 17.9%, 14.3%이였다. 결론 : 결론적으로, 우리는 인천시 연수구에서 인구집단을 대상으로 한 선천성이상 감시체계를 구축할 수 있었다. 한국에서 인구집단을 기반으로 한 선천성이상 감시체계를 구축하기 위한 가장 현실적인 방안은 우선 한 지역에서 보고에 참여하는 공공 및 민간병원 보고자를 조직하고, 보고체계 및 자료관리체계를 구축하며 실제적으로 적용 가능하고 효율적인 모델을 만들고, 이를 근거로 타지역에 이 모델을 확산시키는 것이다. Objective : To discover the etiology of birth defects and low birth weight, it is necessary to establish epidemiological birth defects monitoring system in Korea. Our aim was to develop new practical model in Incheon to establish birth defects monitoring system to evaluate the incidence rate and patterns of birth defects in Korea. Methods : Public health center and private hospitals and clinics participated in this monitoring system. Web based reporting system have been built. Trained nurses actively collected the records obtained from delivery units in the participating hospitals during 2 years (first year: December 1st, 1998-November. 31, 1999; second year: January 1 st, 2000-December 31 th, 2000). Results : Through this monitoring system at 1 st year and 2 nd year, we observed 25 birth defect cases from 2482 births, 28 birth defect cases from 3490 births including live births and stillbirths. The incidence of birth defect per thousand person was 10.1, 8.0 respectively. At 1st year, the highest proportion of birth defects was 28.0% in musculoskeletal system. The proportion of birth defects in gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system and cleft lip & cleft palate were 20.0%, 12.0%. 12.0%. At 2 nd year, the highest proportion of birth defects was 21.4% in gastrointestinal system The proportion of birth defects in cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system were 17.9% and 14.3%. Concluion : In conclusion, we could build population-based monitoring system for birth defects successfully in Yonsu gu, Incheon. To establish population-based monitoring system for birth defects in Korea, it is necessary to organize the reporters of public health center and private hospitals and clinics, to build an available reporting system, and to extend participating centers for birth defects monitoring systems.

A Vehicle Monitoring System Based on STeCEQL

Huiyong Li,Yixiang Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.6

The vehicle monitoring system is a very important class of information systems. However, the existing monitoring systems generally require the support of the large database systems and the monitoring event could not be processed in real time. The research of internet of vehicles has proposed the novel ideas and methods to build the monitoring system. In this paper, we construct a vehicle monitoring system based on a complex event query language: STeCEQL. Firstly, we give the approach of verifying the reasonableness of the monitoring events through building the model of the vehicles. Then we propose the method of describe the vehicle monitoring events by STeCEQL. Meanwhile, we give the complex event detection algorithms based on the event tree. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the vehicle monitoring approach of internet of vehicles.

전자감독제도의 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 연구

명도현 한국융합과학회 2020 한국융합과학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Pupose: This study sought to find ways to improve the status, status, and problems of the electronic monitoring system introduced to prevent the management and repeat offenses of certain criminals after they were released from prison under the current circumstances in which the electronic monitoring system has been established and implemented. Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to present alternatives for the operation of desirable electronic monitoring systems. Methods: To achieve the purpose of this study, the definition and characteristics of the electronic monitoring system currently in operation were examined based on the literature review on the electronic monitoring system and the actual condition and problems of the electronic monitoring system in our society were analyzed based on the official statistical data released by the government and criminal justice agencies, and then countermeasures and policy suggestions were drawn. Result: The problems of electronic monitoring system are the lack of prevention management for recidivism, lack of manpower dedicated to probation, poor working environment, the fact that no actual response is made to violation of compliance of supervisors, and the issue of securing effectiveness as a social treatment of electronic monitoring system. Conclusion: The alternatives proposed by the researcher are: First, guidance and supervision for violations of compliance shall be improved and punishment shall be strengthened. Second, improvement in the recruitment and treatment of probationary personnel should be made. Third, the effectiveness of the electronic monitoring system as a treatment in society should be secured. Fourth, the introduction of an intelligent electronic monitoring system and the protection of human rights should be prepared. 연구목적: 본 연구는 전자감독제도가 정착되어 시행되고 있는 현 상황에서 특정범죄자의 출소 후 관리와 재범을 예방하기 위해 도입된 전자감독제도의 현황과 실태 및 문제점을 확인하고 이를 해결하기 위한 개선방안을 모색하여 바람직한 전자감독제도의 운영을 위한 대안을 제시하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법: 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 전자감독 및 전자감독제도에 관한 문헌연구를 토대로 현재 운영중인 전자감독제도의 정의와 특징에 대해 살펴보고 정부 및 형사사법기관에서 발표한 공식 통계자료를 바탕으로 우리사회 내의 전자감독제도의 실태와 문제점을 분석한 후 이에 대한 대응방안 및 정책적 제언을 도출하고자 하였다. 결과: 전자감독제도의 문제점으로 전자감독 대상자에 대한 재범예방관리의 미흡과 보호관찰 전담인력부족 및 열악한 근무환경, 감독대상자들의 준수사항 위반에 대하여 실질적인 대응이 이루어지지 않는 점 그리고 전자감독제도의 사회 내 처우로서 실효성 확보의 문제가 지적되었다. 결론: 연구자가 제시한 대안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 준수사항 위반에 대한 지도⦁감독 개선 및 처벌의 강화하여야 한다. 둘째, 보호관찰 전담인력의 충원 및 처우의 개선이 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 전자감독제도의 사회 내 처우로서 실효성을 확보해야 한다. 넷째, 지능형 전자감독시스템 도입 및 인권보호방안이 마련되어야 한다.

오픈소스 하드웨어와 MATLAB을 이용한 고속모니터링 시스템 개발

조봉언(Bongeon Jo),이영삼(Young-Sam Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.25 No.12

In this paper, we deal with the development of a high speed monitoring system using opensource hardware and MATLAB/Simulink. We use the Arduino Due as opensource hardware. The proposed high speed monitoring system has four features. First, it does not affect the operation of the user application running on a micro-controller. The proposed system performs realtime monitoring using an algorithm that minimizes the computational load. Second, data channels can have different data types and update periods. Consequently, flexible data monitoring is possible. Third, the proposed system uses MATLAB/Simulink for monitoring. As a result, users can utilize all the powerful functions supported by MATLAB to process the monitored data. Finally, the algorithm of the proposed high speed monitoring system can be applied to any micro-controller with serial communication peripheral. Through experiments, we verify the performance of the developed monitoring system. It is shown that the data loss does not happen through the basic experiment. Through realtime monitoring experiment for the sensorless drive system of the BLDC motor, it is illustrated that the proposed system has its strength in high speed monitoring of data changing very fast such as current or back EMF signals.

라이프라인의 Smart-Pipe 시스템 도입을 위한 이익정량화 방안

전환돈,김중훈,조문수,백천우,유도근 한국방재학회 2008 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.08 No.04

As the water distribution system which is one of the critical lifeline system is deteriorated and pipe failures occur frequently, the more efficient pipe monitoring system becomes a critical issue in the water industry. One of the pipe monitoring systems is called "Smart-pipe" which is permanent, comprehensive and an automated SIM (Structural Integrity Monitoring) system and has superiorities to existing monitoring system. To implement a smart-pipe on a water distribution system, assessment of its indirect benefit obtaining from smart-pipe such as the ratio of preventing water main failures must be preceded. However, only some researches on this field have been performed. In this paper, the concept of smart-pipe is compared with the current monitoring systems for a water distribution system, and a method to quantify its benefit using the inconvenient time for customers in man-hours is suggested. The suggested method was applied to a real water distribution system to estimate its applicability and benefit. 상수관망의 노후화에 따른 잦은 파괴로 인해 보다 효율적인 상수관망 모니터링시스템 구축이 중요한 문제가 되었다. 상수관망의 모니터링 시스템의 하나인 smart-pipe는 영구적이며 포괄적인 자동화된 형태의 SIM 시스템으로 기존의 모니터링 시스템에 비해 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. Smart-pipe를 도입하기 위해서는 상수관 파괴를 미리 예측하여 갑작스러운 상수관 파괴를 막는 것과 같이 smart-pipe 설치를 통해 발생하는 간접적 이익의 정량화가 우선되어야 한다. 그러나 이와 관련된 연구는 국내외적으로 매우 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 smart-pipe의 개념을 기존 상수관 모니터링 시스템과 비교하였으며 smart-pipe 설치에 따른 이익을 수용가불편시간으로 정량화하는 방안을 제시하였다. 제안된 방법을 고양시의 상수관망에 적용하여 적용성을 검증하였으며, smart-pipe시스템의 도입을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

경기도형 경제위기대응시스템 도입 방안 연구

김태영,성영조,김건호,최훈,김윤영,장혜리,송승현,한영숙 경기연구원 2022 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

As economic shocks have taken place more frequently than past, the necessity of the management of the shocks has been grown as well. This study investigates an introduction plan of economic crisis management system(hereafter ECMS) in Gyeonggi-do. The main results are followings: First, the system consists of monitoring system and the meeting of the ECMS. Second, the monitoring system is established based on individual economic indicators rather than early warning index (or crisis index). This is because, due to smoothing process during the indexing process, a signal of economic shock of an indicator would not be caught. It’s the most important to include more timeliness indicators than the existing indicators for economic business cycle. Third, the meeting consists of at least four sectors. The four sectors are manufacturing, service industry, labor and financial market. Other sectors, such as agriculture, real estate and etc, could be added if these sectors are required. Finally, ex post facto management stage should be taken after economic crisis to advance the system and supplement deficiencies of the system. The limits of the system are two things. First, since it is hard to secure timeliness indicators, an verification of the monitoring system whether symptom come into existence or not will be difficult. Second, even though the monitoring system get timeliness indicators, the verification of the monitoring system still hard to perceive the symptoms because of inexperience of the participants.

System identification of a building structure using wireless MEMS and PZT sensors

Kim, Hongjin,Kim, Whajung,Kim, Boung-Yong,Hwang, Jae-Seung Techno-Press 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.30 No.2

A structural monitoring system based on cheap and wireless monitoring system is investigated in this paper. Due to low-cost and low power consumption, micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) is suitable for wireless monitoring and the use of MEMS and wireless communication can reduce system cost and simplify the installation for structural health monitoring. For system identification using wireless MEMS, a finite element (FE) model updating method through correlation with the initial analytical model of the structure to the measured one is used. The system identification using wireless MEMS is evaluated experimentally using a three storey frame model. Identification results are compared to ones using data measured from traditional accelerometers and results indicate that the system identification using wireless MEMS estimates system parameters with reasonable accuracy. Another smart sensor considered in this paper for structural health monitoring is Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) which is a type of piezoelectric material. PZT patches have been applied for the health monitoring of structures owing to their simultaneous sensing/actuating capability. In this paper, the system identification for building structures by using PZT patches functioning as sensor only is presented. The FE model updating method is applied with the experimental data obtained using PZT patches, and the results are compared to ones obtained using wireless MEMS system. Results indicate that sensing by PZT patches yields reliable system identification results even though limited information is available.