농촌지역의 교량의 배경경관 및 교량형태에 따른 시각적 선호도 분석 - 농촌지역 자연경관을 중심으로 -

천현진,강용,성옥영 한국농촌계획학회 2016 농촌계획 Vol.22 No.2

Due to the rapid economic development of Korea, the bridge have been built by government over the several years. Additionally, there are too many mountain and river and the bridge have been built in rural area. But bridge designers weren't considering the bridge landscape. And bridge was a negative factor in regional landscape. Because of this, this study surveyed the landscape preferences of rural bridge landscapes according to different bridge types. The results were summarized as follows: And this research include conducting a study on visual preference according to the bridge's type and background. And, the landscape of arch bridge in the river 1 is landscape of the highest preference. The the landscape of girder bridge in the river 2 is landscape of the lowest preference. In the river 1 and 2 landscape, high preference is observed in the arch bridge and low preference is noted in the girder bridge. In the mountain 1 and 2 landscape, high preference is observed in the cable-stayed bridge and low preference is noted in the girder bridge. In conclusion, the visual preference of bridge landscape depend on the background and bridge shape, the study said. Therefore, when bridge designer design the bridge, designer have to choose proper bridge shape according to the background. This research was conducted only in bridge landscape of rural area but the visual preference of bridge landscape can be changed according to the various background. And further research is needed to analyze visual preference of bridge landscape according to the various background.

농어촌경관 향상을 위한 교량경관의 조망점 및 형태에 관한 경관선호도 분석-전라남도 여수시 백야대교를 대상으로-

천현진 ( Hyun Jin Chun ),이준 ( June Lee ),강용 ( Jiang Long ),김성균 ( Sung Kyun Kim ) 한국농촌계획학회 2012 농촌계획 Vol.18 No.3

This research is focus on the analysis of bridge image and preference. In this study, 3 types of bridge with arch bridge, cable stayed bridge, and suspension bridge, 4 prospect points named A, B, C, and D will be simulated in one scene for final analysis of bridge image and preference. On prospect point A, higher evaluation is received among the arch bridge. In addition, for cable stayed bridge and suspension bridge, the Higher evaluation is received among the most at the arch bridge on prospect point B. At the on prospect point C, higher evaluation is received among the most cable stayed bridge and suspension bridge compared with arch bridge. At the on prospect point D, lower evaluation is received among the cable stayed bridge and suspension bridge compared with arch bridge. The highest average total preference is received for cable stayed bridge, And, The lowest average total preference is received for arch bridge. Cable stayed bridge is suitable for the Baegya Bridge than arch bridge in the Landscape point. In conclusion, the preference for one bridge is not the same at different prospect points through above research.

한국과 중국의 궁궐 내 교량에 관한 경관특성 비교 연구 - 조선시대와 명청시대를 중심으로 -

장푸천,이애란 한국전통조경학회 2019 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.37 No.3

A bridge is a structure constructed on water or in the air for convenient passage. Compared to other buildings, the building materials and structures of bridge required unique functions to cross the space. It depends on the productivity of the building, the level of science and technology, and the ecological environment of the building site. Also, it has important relationship with functions such as politics, military, economy, and life. Most of the academic research on bridges is focused on research in the field of bridge-building technology, so the study on the landscape aesthetics and history of bridges is lacking. Against this backdrop, the study will be valuable as a accumulation of both countries' understanding of bridge types, history and culture, as well as technical and aesthetic data, by analyzing the bridges located within the palaces of Korea and China. The research method is to analyze the bridge through field survey and literature analysis.. First, the bridges of royal palace of Korea and China are to be classified quantitatively as physical shapes, landscapes, and decorations by comparing the materials, forms, landscapes, and decorative culture of bridges. Second, characteristics, common points, and differences are extracted by classifying bridges of both countries. Also, the results are discussed based on the physical environment or cultural background. This would be worth cross-referencing in the building technology and aesthetics of the two countries. For the first important characteristics of result, main materials of Korean and Chinese palaces are stone. However, the bridge in China's royal palaces is also focused on wood. Second, in terms of form, the bridges in the royal gardens of Korea and China are all based on the beam bridge. However, the specific form, ratio, style of the beam bridge, and airspace of arched bridge are very different. Third, most of the connection methods are focused on the over bridge. It values the convergence with the surrounding landscape. Due to the difference in the area and location of water, the bridge in the Korean palace is more focused on the convergence of the surrounding buildings and plants, while the bridge in the Chinese palace is more concerned about the harmony of hydration. Fourth, the decoration places importance on the artistry and aesthetics of both the bridges in Korea and China. There is a difference in style in the same type of decoration due to culture. 교량(橋梁, bridge, 다리)은 물 위나 공중에 가설해서 통행하기 편리하게 하는 건축물이다. 다른 건축물에 비해 교량이 요구하는건축재와 건축구조는 공간을 건널 수 있는 독특한 기능을 가져야 하는데 이는 건축할 때의 생산력, 과학기술 수준과 환경에 달려있다. 오늘날의 고대 교량에 대한 학술 연구는 대부분 교량 건조기술 분야의 연구에 중점을 두고 있어 교량의 경관 미학과 역사에대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구는 한국과 중국의 궁궐 내에 위치한 교량을 대상으로 분석함으로써 두 나라의교량 형태와 역사 및 문화에 대한 이해와 기술, 미학적 자료의 축적으로서 가치가 있을 것이다. 연구방법은 현장조사와 문헌 분석을 통해 교량을 분석하고자 한다. 첫째, 교량의 재료, 형태, 경관과 장식 문화를 비교함으로써한중 양국의 궁궐 정원의 교량 건축 스타일에서 물리적 형태미와 경관 및 장식미를 정량적으로 분류하고자 한다. 둘째, 교량의 분류를통해 양국 교량 양식의 특징과 함께 공통점과 차이점을 추출하고, 그 원인을 물리적 환경이나 문화적 배경 속에서 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 한중 양국 교량의 축조기술과 미학에 대한 상호간 연구에 기여할 것이다. 본 연구의 조사 결과를 보면 첫째, 재료 면에서 한국과 중국 궁궐 정원의 교량은 석재를 위주로 하지만 중국 궁궐의 교량은 목재또한 운용에 중점을 두고 있다. 둘째, 형태의 면에서 한국과 중국의 궁궐 정원의 교량은 모두 형교를 위주로 한다. 그러나 구체적인형태, 비율, 형교의 양식, 홍교의 공수 등에 있어서는 차이가 크다. 셋째, 연결 방식의 대부분은 중교형을 위주로 한다. 주변 경관과의융합을 중시한다. 수면의 면적과 위치의 차이 때문에 한국 궁궐 내 교량은 주변 건물과 식생을 융합하고, 중국 궁궐 내 교량은 수경의조화에 더 치중한다. 넷째, 장식은 한국과 중국의 궁궐 교량이 모두 교량의 예술성과 미관성을 중시한다. 문화적 특성으로 인해서같은 유형의 장식이 스타일에 차이점이 있다.

해안에 위치하는 교량경관의 시각적 특성평가

천현진,강용,성옥영 한국농촌계획학회 2016 농촌계획 Vol.22 No.3

Due to the Korea's topographic characteristic, there are a lot of marine bridges to connect between islands and mainland. In addition, marine bridges play an important role in a regional landscape. For these reasons, landscape design of bridge is necessary in order to improve beautification of region. So, this studies analyzed image and landscape preference of marine bridges in rural area. The main results were summarized as follows: When rating the image of the background in sea and mountain image, ‘stable’ and ‘natural’ were rated highly. When rating the image of the arch bridge in sea and mountain image, ‘beautiful’, and ‘attractive’ were rated highly. When rating the image of the cable-stayed bridge in sea and mountain image, ‘splendid’, and ‘attractive’ were rated highly. When rating the image of the suspension bridge in sea and mountain image, ‘beautiful’, and ‘splendid’ were rated highly. Next, When rating the image of the background in sea and building image, ‘stable’ and ‘natural’ were rated highly. When rating the image of the arch bridge in sea and building image, ‘beautiful’, and ‘splendid’ were rated highly. When rating the image of the cable-stayed bridge in sea and building image, ‘beautiful’, and ‘attractive’ were rated highly. When rating the image of the suspension bridge in sea and building image, ‘beautiful’, and ‘attractive’ were rated highly. And, The image of suspension bridges in sea and mountain image is more highly preferred than other image. The background in sea and mountain image is landscape of the lowest preference. In the mountain and sea image, the preference of suspension bridge landscape has the highest rating. In the sea and building image, the preference of arch bridge landscape has the highest rating. In conclusion, the results illustrate that the marine bridge's shape and its background in rural area are important elements of a visual preference. When designing the marine bridge, designer have to choose a proper bridge shape for its background. However, this research's limitation is that this research consider only bridge shape and background to analyze landscape preference of marine bridges. Therefore, further research is necessary to consider various elements.

Bridge Burst Characteristics of Aluminum and Copper Thin-Film Bridges in Electrical Initiation Devices

김경진,김규형,장승교 대한금속·재료학회 2018 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.56 No.3

The optimal design of electrical initiation devices for explosive charges and other high energy materials critically depends on the bridge burst or the electrical explosion of the thin-film metallic bridges. It is therefore quite important to select the right material with suitable explosion properties for the metallic bridge film. However, so far, no dedicated studies, experimental or theoretical, have been carried out to quantify those explosion properties for thin-filmed bridges of various metals. This study employed numerical modeling of the joule heating and bridge plasma expansion by intense electrical energy deposition in aluminum and copper bridges to evaluate and compare the explosion properties such as bridge burst time, bridge burst current density, and threshold charging voltage for the two metallic bridge materials. The prediction model of bridge burst also considered a pulsed electrical input from an RLC initiation circuit as well as plasma property calculations of the aluminum and copper plasma vapor for the state equation of the ionized vapor and the plasma electrical conductivity. The numerical predictions were in excellent agreement with the corresponding measured data of bridge bursts in a series of exploding foil initiator firing tests. The copper bridge was found to possess better explosion properties than the aluminum bridge, showing significantly higher bridge burst current density and threshold charging voltage. These findings confirmed that the copper bridge may provide higher safety and reliability in electrical initiation devices. The theoretical model and results in the present study could be useful for selecting bridge materials and designing electrical initiators or other metallic bridge explosion applications.

도시 교량경관의 이미지와 조화성 분석 -서울 한강 교량을 중심으로-

이상엽,오휘영,조세환 한국조경학회 2002 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

This study aims to discover the landscape image of bridges and their harmonization wish surrounding sceneries. This research utilized the basic study tool of psycho-physics and processed the case study of five types of bridges on the Han-River, Seoul. Twenty-one bridges on Han-River were classified into five categories ; the cable stayed bridge, the arch bridge, the girder bridge, the trust bridge and the suspension bridge. Also, aesthetic elements of the bridges including the form the texture, the color, the scale and the harmony were examined. The questionaires to analysis the image and harmonization with surrounding sceneries were designed using semantic differential scale and 5 point Likert scale. The results of the research were as follows. First, components representing the images of bridge landscape are classified into three types, ‘beauty’, ‘weightfulness’ and ‘friendliness’. Second, the image of each bridge as a whole turns out not to be different from each other but to be different in the context of neighboring sceneries. It was also determined that both the Cable Stayed Bridge type and the Arch Bridge type are the most attractive. But, the former does have a more masculine image, and the latter has a m[n feminine image. Third, the Cable Stayed Bridge and the Arch Bridge were evaluated highly in terms of harmonization with surrounding landscapes, while the Girder Bridge received the lowest evaluation. All of the above results suggest that the bridges should be constructed not only for beauty itself in form, color, texture and scale, but also in harmonization with the surrounding landscape. Lastly, it is desirable to do further research to find out sort specific design principles that exist between bridges and tangible surrounding landscape types.

Development of Data-based Hierarchical Learning Model for Predicting Condition Rating of Bridge Members Over Time

최영진,공정식 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.10

Bridge maintenance strategy is implemented to ensure that effective decisions are made based on the evaluation of the current performance and predicted future conditions of a bridge. The current bridge maintenance system relies on traditional manpower-based methods to determine bridge performance. However, the present techniques employ a material deterioration model that has uncertainty in predicting bridge performance. Moreover, the utilization of collected bridge inspection-related data is insignificant, and related research is lacking. Accordingly, a new type of bridge deterioration model is proposed using state performance data based on bridge inspection. To formulate the deterioration model, bridge condition inspection data accumulated over a long period were utilized. The data have been continuously updated since 1992 by the US Federal Highway Administration and consist of basic information and various influencing factors of bridges. The developed model uses the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm (a type of recurrent neural network) as well as layer normalization and label smoothing to improve the applicability of fundamental data. For the stable application of data, predicting the model performance for up to 30 years every 2 years is possible. By implementing the many-to-many type of the LSTM algorithm, the predicted probability of each grade derived for each sequence was weighted and averaged with the grade value to derive a continuous state grade result. Thus, the proposed model can express discrete historical degradation indices in continuous form according to the service life. In addition, it enables the prediction of bridge performance using only the fundamental information regarding new and existing bridges. For the effective use of basic data, an optimization model was derived using preprocessing and various regularization techniques. Additionally, a feed-forward deep learning model and stochastic model were developed using the same data. For performance assessment, a regression analysis evaluation method was applied, and comparative analysis was performed using the inspection data of an actual bridge. The use of a time-series model enabled the continuous and stable prediction of bridge performance.

교량 선배수 시스템의 차집능력 분석

이민성(Minsung Lee),김정수(Jungsoo Kim),유인기(Ingi Yoo) 융복합지식학회 2021 융복합지식학회논문지 Vol.9 No.2

교면 유출수는 교량 측구에 설치되는 교량 배수(점배수, 선배수)시설에 의해서 배수된다. 교량 배수시설의 배수불량은 콘크리트 박리, 교량 노후화 및 교량 미관을 해치는 등 다양한 문제가 발생하고 있으므로 집수구 배수시설의 배수효율을 개선한 교량 선배수 시설이 필요하다. 또한 교량 선배수 시설의 적정한 설치를 위해서는 선배수 시스템에 대한 배수능력 분석을 통한 설치 기준의 제시가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 교량 방호벽 선배수 시설의 단점을 개선하여 모형을 제작하고 설계에 필요한 배수능력을 분석하기 위해 수리실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 전체 흐름 폭은 52~90cm의 범위로 배수간격 별 도로의 종경사가 커질수록 흐름 폭은 감소하였으며, 전체 차집효율은 1.5~21%의 범위로 도로의 종경사가 증가하거나 배수간격 별 동일한 종경사일 때 유입유량이 커질수록 감소하였다. 또한, 강우강도 및 차집량을 기준으로 배수 간격별 도로 조건에 따른 교량 방호벽 선배수 시설의 최대 설치 길이를 제시하였다. 이는 교량 방호벽 선배수 시설의 설계기준 제시를 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. Bridge stormwater runoff is drained by a bridge drainage (bridge inlet, linear drainage)facility installed at the side of the bridge. Poor drainage in the drainage facility on the bridge has various problems such as peeling of concrete, deterioration of the bridge, and damage to the aesthetics of the bridge. Therefore, a bridge linear drainage facility with improved drainage efficiency of the catchment drainage facility is needed. In addition, for the proper installation of the bridge linear drainage facility, it is necessary to present the installation standard through the analysis of the drainage capacity of the linear drainage system. In this study, a model was made by improving the shortcomings of the linear drainage facility of the bridge barrier, and a hydraulic experiment was performed to analyze the drainage capacity required for the design. As a result of the experiment, the total flow width was in the range of 52~90cm, and as the longitudinal slope of the road for each drainage interval increased, the flow width decreased. The overall vehicle picking efficiency was in the range of 1.5 to 21%, and the longitudinal slope of the road increased or the same species for each drainage interval. When inclined, it decreased as the inflow flow increased. In addition, the maximum installation length of the bridge protection wall linear drainage facility according to the road conditions for each drainage interval was suggested based on the rainfall intensity and the amount of vehicle collection. It is believed that this can be used as basic data for presenting the design criteria for the linear drainage facility of the bridge barrier.

한국전쟁 후, 영도대교의 장소성과 점바치골목 형성의 사회적 의미: 1950-60년대 대중가요를 중심으로

김경아 동북아시아문화학회 2022 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.70

The purpose of this article is to examine the origin and social significance of the “spotted village” under Yeongdo Bridge. When Yeongdo Bridge was first opened in 1934, it was the first drawing bridge in Korea and a landmark of Busan. When the Korean War broke out and Busan was selected as a temporary capital, numerous refugees fled to the city to avoid suffocation from the war. During this period, Yeongdo Bridge was more than just a bridge connecting islands and land; It had a clear geographic identity that reflected the socioeconomic situation at that time. Due to the unique location of Yeongdo Bridge, a “dotjaengi village” was created. There are four chapters in all in this document. Chapter 1 discussed prior studies and research methods. In the 1950s, there are few records of the commercial districts of fortune tellers or fortune tellers under Yeongdo Bridge. Therefore, it is impossible to study reading the historical records of the time and analyzing the meaning. Therefore, this paper attempts to approach the subject from the perspective of cultural sociology. Chapter 2 looked at the evacuation of refugees to Busan and why they settled around Yeongdo Bridge. It also looked at how Yeongdo Bridge was linked to the life of refugees and what kind of place identity Yeongdo Bridge possessed. In order to approach the research topic, 19 popular songs that Yeongdo Bridge appeared in the lyrics were analyzed among popular songs in the 1950s and 1960s. The establishment of an astrological community beneath Yeongdo Bridge and its social importance are discussed in Chapter 3. The final chapter is Chapter 4. The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose The purpose

블록체인 브릿지를 통해 이동한 가상자산의 추적 및 검증

하동현,손태식 아이씨티플랫폼학회 2023 JOURNAL OF PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY Vol.11 No.3

A blockchain bridge (hereinafter referred to as "bridge") is a service that enables the transfer of assets between blockchains. A bridge accepts virtual assets from users and delivers the same virtual assets to users on other blockchains. Users use bridges because they cannot transfer assets to other blockchains in the usual way because each blockchain environment is independent. Therefore, the movement of assets through bridges is not traceable in the usual way. If a malicious actor moves funds through a bridge, existing asset tracking tools are limited in their ability to trace it. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to obtain information on bridge usage by identifying the structure of the bridge and analyzing the event logs of bridge requests. First, to understand the structure of bridges, we analyzed bridges operating on Ethereum Virtual Machine(EVM) based blockchains. Based on the analysis, we applied the method to arbitrary bridge events. Furthermore, we created an automated tool that continuously collects and stores bridge usage information so that it can be used for actual tracking. We also validated the automated tool and tracking method based on an asset transfer scenario. By extracting the usage information through the tool after using the bridge, we were able to check important information for tracking, such as the sending blockchain, the receiving blockchain, the receiving wallet address, and the type and quantity of tokens transferred. This showed that it is possible to overcome the limitations of tracking asset movements using blockchain bridges. 블록체인 브릿지(이하 ‘브릿지'이라 한다.)는 블록체인간 자산 이동을 가능하게 해주는 서비스를 말한다. 브릿지는 사용자에게 가상 자산을 입금 받고 다른 블록체인의 사용자에게 동일한 가상 자산을 전달하는 역할을 한다. 블록체인 환경은 각각 독립적이기 때문에 일반적인 방식으로 다른 블록체인으로 자산을 옮길 수 없기 때문에 사용자는 브릿지를 이용한다. 따라서 브릿지를 이용한 자산 이동은 일반적인 방식으로 추적할 수 없다. 만약 악성 행위자가 브릿지를 통해 자금 이동을 하였다면 기존의 자산 추적 도구로는 추적에 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 브릿지의 구조를 파악하고 브릿지 요청에 대한 이벤트 로그를 분석하여 브릿지 이용 정보를 획득하는 방법에 대하여 제안한다. 우선 브릿지의 구조를 파악하기 위해 Ethereum Virtual Machine(EVM) 기반 블록체인에서 작동하는 브릿지를 대상으로 분석을 진행하였다. 분석한 내용을 바탕으로 임의의 브릿지 이벤트에 대하여 적용해보았다. 나아가 실제 추적에 사용될 수 있도록 브릿지 이용정보를 지속적으로 수집하여 저장하는 자동화 도구를 제작하였다. 실제 브릿지 이용 후 도구를 통해 이용 정보를 추출하여 송신 블록체인, 수신 블록체인, 전달받는 지갑 주소, 전송한 토큰의 종류, 수량과 같은 추적에 중요한 정보들을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 블록체인 브릿지를 이용한 자산 이동 추적의 한계를 극복할 수 있음을 보여주었다.