Buddhist meditation for vascular function: a narrative review

Anjalee Thanuja Amarasekera,Dennis Chang 한국한의학연구원 2019 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.8 No.4

Background: High blood pressure represents an important risk factor for diseases related to cardiovascular system and is directly associated with high oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Recently, there is promising data available to suggest that meditation-based low-cost and low-risk lifestyle modification strategies may provide beneficial effects on chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and maintenance of blood pressure, both in young and older adults. This review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of Buddhist meditation for vascular endothelial function and blood pressure. Method: A search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO for articles published from 1990 to 2018. Results: Relevant articles (n = 407) were reviewed and 5 met selection criteria. Several lines of studies have provided compelling data showing that Buddhist meditation approach was effective in improving inflammation and vascular function (endothelial vasodilation and arterial stiffness) in both young and elderly cohorts. Particularly, Buddhist meditation approach has shown to be effective in reducing plasma inflammatory markers, increasing nitric oxide concentration and improving vascular endothelial function and glycemic control, which in turn can be favorable factors for demonstrated positive effects of Buddhist meditation on blood pressure and vascular function. Conclusion: This paper presents brief overview of clinical outcomes of complementary therapeutic approach of Buddhist meditation in vascular function. In future, well-structured systematic reviews are essential to report specificity of Buddhist mindfulness-based approach on vascular function, blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors.

혈관 내피 기능과 노화: 식이와 건강기능식품의 역할

권유리,박희정 한국산업식품공학회 2022 산업 식품공학 Vol.26 No.4

The endothelium, a continuous monolayer of cells that surrounds blood vessels, has a variety of physiological roles. Chronic exposure to psychological and physical stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation activates the endothelial signaling cascade, resulting in vascular dysfunction such as vasospasm, thrombosis, and abnormal vascular proliferation. Aging is also a significant factor in vascular dysfunction, mainly developing structural and functional changes in the endothelium. The molecules involved in endothelial dysfunction are typically angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Tie2, and tight junction proteins. Ang-1, an oligomeric-secreted glycoprotein, is required for the correct organization and maturation of newly-formed vessels. Ang-1 binding to tyrosine kinase receptors Tie-2 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of multiple signaling pathways related to vascular permeability. Endothelial junctions are another vital target of Tie-2 activation. Nutrition and food are closely connected with vascular dysfunction and permeability. The caloric restriction prevents age-related declines in endothelial function. Dietary patterns that prioritize moderate intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and lean meats improve endothelial function in the elderly. Natural products such as Centella asiatica, Pueraria montana, and Piper retrofractum have also been shown to help inhibit endothelial dysfunction. This review provides an update on aging-related vascular dysfunction and the role of food and nutrition.

간 기능 저하 집단의 규칙적인 유산소운동이 성인남성들의 AST/ALT 및 혈관노화 개선에 미치는 효과

이승원(Lee, Seung-Won),서현(Seo, Hyun) 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

This study conducted regular aerobic exercise for men in their 20s and 30s who are socially living in a modern society where various lifestyle-related diseases are prevalent in recent years. This study is to investigate the effects of AST and ALT, which are f actors of liver function, and vascular aging that affects long-term physical health. The purpose of the study was to present it as basic data for the development of a health exercise program to recover and maintain the health of men with reduced liver function. The liver function factor AST showed significant differences in the second order and the third order excluding the first order between the two groups. ALT showed significant differences in the 2nd and 3rd excluding the 1st between the two groups. Vascular aging showed significant differences in the 2nd and 3rd excluding the 1st between the two groups. Vascular aging showed significant differences in the 2nd and 3rd excluding the 1st between the two groups As for the improvement effect of liver function factors, there was a significant difference in effect between the two groups’ timing, timing*group, and group. As for the improvement effect of vascular aging, there was a significant difference in effect between the timing, timing*group, and group of the two groups. Therefore, regular aerobic exercise showed a positive effect in rebuilding liver function of men with reduced liver function in their 20s and 30s, and blood vessel aging was also improved, indicating that the aerobic exercise program had an effect.

파킨슨 경도인지장애와 피질하 혈관성 경도인지장애의 인지기능의 비교

김지혜,진영선,장문선,최소영,권오대 대한신경과학회 2011 대한신경과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Background: Patients with Parkinson’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) are known to have cognitive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive characteristics that can be used to differentiate these two conditions. Methods: Twenty-two PD-MCI and 22 svMCI patients seen in our neurodegenerative disease clinic, and 22 normal controls were recruited. These three groups were matched in terms of age, gender, and education level. Mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed according to the criteria of Petersen. svMCI should meet the criteria modified from those of Erkinjuntti. Results: Analysis of covariance revealed that frontal executive dysfunction was prominent in both the PD-MCI and svMCI groups after adjusting for depression. The scores in word fluency and the Stroop test were lower in the svMCI group than in the PD-MCI group. Both groups exhibited decreased performance in verbal and visuospatial memory tests. The score in the verbal recognition test was lower in the PD-MCI group than in the svMCI group, which exhibited comparatively reduced visuospatial memory. The depression level was higher in the PD-MCI group than in the svMCI group, as assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Conclusions: The impairment in frontal executive function was more severe in the svMCI group than in the PD-MCI group, which displayed severe impairment in verbal memory function. These differences in cognitive function may help to differentiate PD-MCI from svMCI, and to further the understanding of their pathophysiologies. PD-MCI patients also exhibited severe depressive mood, which raises the possibility of cognitive improvement through therapy. Background: Patients with Parkinson’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) are known to have cognitive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive characteristics that can be used to differentiate these two conditions. Methods: Twenty-two PD-MCI and 22 svMCI patients seen in our neurodegenerative disease clinic, and 22 normal controls were recruited. These three groups were matched in terms of age, gender, and education level. Mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed according to the criteria of Petersen. svMCI should meet the criteria modified from those of Erkinjuntti. Results: Analysis of covariance revealed that frontal executive dysfunction was prominent in both the PD-MCI and svMCI groups after adjusting for depression. The scores in word fluency and the Stroop test were lower in the svMCI group than in the PD-MCI group. Both groups exhibited decreased performance in verbal and visuospatial memory tests. The score in the verbal recognition test was lower in the PD-MCI group than in the svMCI group, which exhibited comparatively reduced visuospatial memory. The depression level was higher in the PD-MCI group than in the svMCI group, as assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Conclusions: The impairment in frontal executive function was more severe in the svMCI group than in the PD-MCI group, which displayed severe impairment in verbal memory function. These differences in cognitive function may help to differentiate PD-MCI from svMCI, and to further the understanding of their pathophysiologies. PD-MCI patients also exhibited severe depressive mood, which raises the possibility of cognitive improvement through therapy.

컴퓨터기반 리듬 타이밍 훈련이 혈관성 경도인지장애 환자의 기억기능에 미치는 효과

김요한,정재훈 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2019 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.9 No.8

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Computer-based Rhythm and Timing(CRT) training on memory function for patient with vascular mild cognitive impairment. Twenty subjects who diagnosed vascular mild cognitive impairment were randomized into experimental group(n=10) and control group(n=10). Both experimental and control groups were given same basic rehabilitation treatment while experimental group were given CRT training and control group received conventional cognitive rehabilitation. Intervention was performed for 30min/day, 3days/week, for 8weeks. Rey-Kim memory function test Ⅱ was conducted to measure memory function in both groups before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 with Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The result of the present study was experimental group demonstrated more increased than control group in verbal memory, immediate recall, delayed recall, memory quotient. Consequentially, CRT training was effective in improving the memory function. The CRT training could be an effective intervention for improving memory function of patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment. 본 연구는 컴퓨터기반 리듬 타이밍 훈련이 혈관성 경도인지장애 환자의 기억기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 혈관성 경도인지장애 환자 20명을 대상으로 실험군 10명, 대조군 10명으로 무작위 배분하였다. 실험군은 기본적인 재활치료와 컴퓨터기반 리듬 타이밍 훈련을 시행하였고, 대조군은 기본적 재활치료와 전통적 인지재활을 시행하였다. 두 집단의 중재는 8주 동안 주 3회 30분동안 실시하였다. 중재 전·후 기억기능을 검사하기 위해 Rey-Kim 기억검사 Ⅱ를 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 카이제곱검정, 맨휘트니 U 검정, 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과 실험군이 대조군에 비해 언어기억, 즉시회상, 지연회상, 기억지수에서 유의한 향상이 나타났다. 결과적으로 컴퓨터기반 리듬 타이밍 훈련이 기억기능을 향상시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 컴퓨터기반 리듬 타이밍 훈련이 혈관성 경도인지장애 환자의 기억기능 향상을 위한 효과적인 중재접근이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

규칙적인 운동을 통한 심폐체력의 향상이 비만 청소년의 혈관기능에 미치는 영향

박수현 ( S. H Park ),윤은선 ( E. S Yoon ),제세영 ( S. Y Jae ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2012 운동과학 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 비만 청소년 21명(남학생, 평균나이 13-14세)을 운동집단(11명)(12주, 40분, 주 5일)과 통제집단(10명)으로 무선 배정하였다. 심폐체력은 대사적 가스 분석기를 이용하여 최대산소섭취량을 측정하였으며, 신체조성은 전기저항법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 혈관 기능의 지표로써 경동맥-대퇴동맥 전파맥파 속도와 맥 증폭지수를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서, 허리둘레는 운동 집단에서 통제집단에서 보다 유의하게 감소되었다(ET 94.41±6.17 to 92.62±6.13 vs. CON 92.62±7.80 to 94.27±9.23 ㎝, p <.05). 심폐체력은 운동 집단에서 통제집단 보다 유의하게 증가되었다(ET 32.35±6.49 to 39.24±6.63 vs. CON 34.59±5.47 to 38.36±6.54 ㎖/㎏/min, p <.05). 체질량지수와 심혈관 위험 인자는 운동 집단에서 향상되지 않았다. 맥 증폭지수는 운동 집단에서 유의하게 증가하였으나(ET 1.60±0.45 to 1.87±0.58 vs. CON1.73±0.39 to 1.43±0.26%, p =<.05), 경동맥-대퇴동맥 맥파전파 속도는 유의하게 감소되지 않았다(ET 5.77±5.40 to 5.40±0.53 vs. CON 5.12±0.53 to 5.05±0.54 m/s, NS). 허리둘레 변화를 보정한 심폐체력의 변화는 맥증폭지수의 변화와 관련이 있었다(r=.457,p <.037). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 규칙적인 운동은 비만 청소년들의 혈관의 내피세포 기능을 향상시키며, 향상된 심폐체력은 체중의 감소와는 독립적으로 혈관 내피세포 기능과 관련이 있었다. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness are associated with early atherosclerosis in obese adolescents. High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with diminished cardiovascular risk factors and improved vascular endothelial function in children. The purpose of the study was to examine effects of the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness by regular exercise training on vascular function in obese adolescents. Twenty one obese adolescents (Schoolboy, Mean age:13-14 yr) were randomly assigned to an exercise training (ET)(12 weeks, 40 minutes, 5 days/week) group (n=11) and a non exercise control (CON) group (n=10). Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using maximal oxygen uptake with metabolic gas analysis and body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance. We measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and reactive hyperemia index as indices of vascular function. Waist girth was significantly decreased in ET group than in CON group (ET 94.41±6.17 to 92.62±6.13 vs. CON 92.62±7.80 to 94.27±9.23 ㎝, p <.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly increased in ET group than CON group(ET 32.35±6.49 to 39.24±6.63 vs. CON 34.59±5.47 to 38.36±6.54 ㎖/㎏/min, p <.05). Body mass index and selected CVD risk factors were not improved in ET group. Reactive hyperemia index was significantly increased in ET group (ET 1.60±0.45 to 1.87±0.58 vs. CON 1.73±0.39to 1.43±0.26%, p =<.05) but carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity did not significantly decrease in ET group (ET 5.77±5.40 to 5.40±0.53 vs. CON 5.12±0.53 to 5.05±0.54 m/s, NS). Change in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with change in reactive hyperemia index after adjusted for changes in waist (r=.457, p <.037). These results show that regular exercise training improved endothelial function, and this was associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness independent of changes in body weight in obese adolescents.

Low Intensity Resistance Exercise Training with Blood Flow Restriction: Insight into Cardiovascular Function, and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Humans

Park, Song-Young,Kwak, Yi Sub,Harveson, Andrew,Weavil, Joshua C.,Seo, Kook E. The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.3

Attenuated functional exercise capacity in elderly and diseased populations is a common problem, and stems primarily from physical inactivity. Decreased function and exercise capacity can be restored by maintaining muscular strength and mass, which are key factors in an independent and healthy life. Resistance exercise has been used to prevent muscle loss and improve muscular strength and mass. However, the intensities necessary for traditional resistance training to increase muscular strength and mass may be contraindicated for some at risk populations, such as diseased populations and the elderly. Therefore, an alternative exercise modality is required. Recently, blood flow restriction (BFR) with low intensity resistance exercise (LIRE) has been used for such special populations to improve their function and exercise capacity. Although BFR+LIRE has been intensively studied for a decade, a comprehensive review detailing the effects of BFR+LIRE on both skeletal muscle and vascular function is not available. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss previous studies documenting the effects of BFR+LIRE on hormonal and transcriptional factors in muscle hypertrophy and vascular function, including changes in hemodynamics, and endothelial function.

Low Intensity Resistance Exercise Training with Blood Flow Restriction: Insight into Cardiovascular Function, and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Humans

박송영,서국은,곽의숙,Andrew Harveson,Joshua C Weavil 대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.3

Attenuated functional exercise capacity in elderly and diseased populations is a common problem, and stems primarily from physical inactivity. Decreased function and exercise capacity can be restored by maintaining muscular strength and mass, which are key factors in an independent and healthy life. Resistance exercise has been used to prevent muscle loss and improve muscular strength and mass. However, the intensities necessary for traditional resistance training to increase muscular strength and mass may be contraindicated for some at risk populations, such as diseased populations and the elderly. Therefore, an alternative exercise modality is required. Recently, blood flow restriction (BFR) with low intensity resistance exercise (LIRE) has been used for such special populations to improve their function and exercise capacity. Although BFR+LIRE has been intensively studied for a decade, a comprehensive review detailing the effects of BFR+LIRE on both skeletal muscle and vascular function is not available. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss previous studies documenting the effects of BFR+LIRE on hormonal and transcriptional factors in muscle hypertrophy and vascular function, including changes in hemodynamics, and endothelial function.

한국 노년기 혈관성 우울증의 임상적 특성에 관한 연구

허휴정,한창태,원왕연,홍승철,이창욱,임현국,전태연 대한신경정신의학회 2012 신경정신의학 Vol.51 No.5

Objectives This study was done in Korean elderly people in order to examine the relationship of white matter hyperintensity with clinical neuropsychological function and depression symptom severity. Methods A total of 148 subjects diagnosed first major depressive episode after age of 60 years were included. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan was rated with the modified Fazekas White Matter Rating Scale by researcher blinded to clinical information. Cognitive function was evaluated with a comprehensive neurological battery and depression severity was assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale. Subjects were divided into vascular depression group and non vascular group according to the degree of white matter hyperintensity. Independent t-test was used to compare clinical difference between two groups and correlation analysis was used to identify whether white matter hyperintensity severity is correlated with neuropsychological function and depressive symptom. Results Vascular depression group was significantly poorer performance in verbal fluency, Boston naming test, Mini-Mental State Examination, trail making test B and stroop test (p<0.05). Furthermore, trail making test B and stroop test performance was correlated with white matter hyperintensity severity. However, Hamilton Depression Scale score was not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion Several findings from our study suggest that white matter hyperintensity is associated with neuropsychological performance, especially executive function. Moreover, executive dysfunction might contribute to poor treatment outcome of vascular depression group. 본 연구는 혈관성 우울증의 가설을 지지하는 여러 연구들을 토대로 하여, 한국 노인 인구에 있어서도 혈관성 우울증의가설을 지지할 만한 여러 가지 임상적인 특징들이 관찰되는지를 규명하려 하였다. 혈관성 우울증 환자의 경우, 비혈관성우울증 환자에 비해 여러 영역의 신경심리학적 기능, 특히 실행기능에 있어서 두드러진 저하를 보였으나 우울증상 자체에있어서는 유의미한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 볼 때, 혈관성 우울증 환자에 있어서 인지기능의 저하, 특히 실행기능의 저하는 일상생활 수행에 장애를 일으킬것으로 보이며, 우울증 자체의 완전한 관해에 도달하는 데에도 지장을 줄 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 향후에는 혈관성 우울증 환자들의 치료경과 및 예후를 규명하는 장기적인 연구가더 필요할 것으로 보인다.

아쿠아로빅 운동이 비만여성의 신체조성 및 혈관 기능에 미치는 효과

서영환(Young-Hwan Seo) 한국발육발달학회 2024 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.32 No.1

This study aimed to determine how aquarobic exercise affects obese women on body fat percentage as measured by body composition and blood pressure and vascular aging as measured by vascular function. The purpose is to provide exercise therapy guidelines for the development of body composition and vascular function in obese women. The subjects of the study were 24 obese women, divided into 12 AEG (Aqua Exercise Group) and 12 NEG (Non-Exercise Group), and compared and analyzed body fat, blood pressure, and vascular aging between groups and before and after. The exercise period was 3 times a week for 8 weeks, the exercise time was 50 minutes, and the intensity was 50 to 75% of HRmax. Results There was a significant decrease in body fat percentage after than before only in AEG (p<.001), and a significant effect was observed in Time (p<.001) and Time*Group (p<.001). Systolic Blood Pressure showed a significant decrease after than before only in AEG (p<.001), and a significant effect was observed in Time (p<.01) and Time*Group (p<.001). Diastolic Blood Pressure showed a significant decrease after than before only in AEG (p<.01), and a significant effect was observed in Time (p<.05) and Time*Group (p<.01). Vascular aging showed a significant decrease after than before only in AEG (p<.01), and a significant effect was observed in Time (p<.01) and Time*Group (p<.001). Therefore, aquarobics is an effective exercise in reducing body fat percentage, blood pressure, and vascular aging in obese women, and it is believed that it can be used as exercise therapy guideline data for the development of body composition and vascular function in obese women.