Effect of turning direction on timed up and go test results in stroke patients

Son, H.,Park, C. Elsevier 2018 Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.61 No.suppl

<P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is an assessment tool for measuring mobility for stroke patients. In the stroke patients, turning direction of the affected and unaffected side may influence turning time.</P> <P><B>Aim</B></P> <P>To investigate the effects of the turning direction according to the affected and non-affected sides of stroke patients during their Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and to define clinically salient outcomes during TUG tests performed in the clinic</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>Observational design.</P> <P><B>Setting</B></P> <P>Department of physical therapy in rehabilitation center.</P> <P><B>Population</B></P> <P>One hundred thirteen hemiparetic stroke patients.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Stroke patients were asked to perform the TUG tests by turning toward their affected and unaffected sides. Patients were divided according to gait speed, and their gait speed from the 10mWT was used. Those with a gait speed<48m/min were assigned to the severe ambulatory dysfunction (SAD) group, whereas those with a gait speed ≥ 48m/min were assigned to the moderate ambulatory dysfunction (MAD) group.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The TUG test results showed a longer turning time when turning with the non-affected side as the turning axis (17.10±5.69 s) than with the affected side was the turning axis (17.52±5.90 s). When the patients were divided into the MAD and SAD groups based on the 10mWT results, patients in the SAD group exhibited slightly longer times (0.55±1.11 s) than did those patients in the MAD group (0.29±1.03 s); however, this difference was not significant.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The present study found that stroke patients showed differences in the TUG test results based on their turning direction, and less time was required when turning in the direction of the affected side compared to the non-affected side.</P> <P><B>Clinical rehabilitation impact</B></P> <P>Turning direction can affect the results of TUG test, it should be controlled in the execution of the TUG test in clinical settings.</P>

Fall prediction of the elderly with a logistic regression model based on instrumented timed up & go

서정우,김태호,이진수,김정길,최진승,탁계래 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.8

An attempt has been made to use an instrumented TUG (iTUG) that complements the limitations of the traditional “timed up and go” (TUG). However, the variables that represent the characteristics of a faller have been reported to be different among preceding studies with iTUG. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a fall prediction model based on three years follow-up study with iTUG. Total 69 subjects participated in this experiment: 26 fallers (4 male and 22 female) who fell within 12 months from the first year measurement date and those newly fallen within 12 months from the second and third year measurement day were added up, and 43 non-fallers (11 male and 32 female) who had no falls. ITUG was performed once a year (two experiments per year) for three consecutive years using IMU sensor system (APDM Inc.). Among 30 variables, the final fall prediction model with logistic regression analysis consisted of five variables such as the duration of the total and the sit-to-stand phase, peak velocity of trunk sagittal plane and range of motion of trunk horizontal plane during gait phase and peak turn velocity during the turnto-sit phase. Prediction accuracy using the receiver operation characteristic curve was 69.9 %. It is necessary to develop a more accurate fall prediction model by increasing the follow-up period and adding the numbers of the fallers. Further, it is important to identify meaningful variables by consecutive years rather than simple annual comparison.

낙상방지용 신발의 개발과 편마비 환자에서의 임상적 평가

김장환,이정원,유경훈 한국장애인재활협회 2011 재활복지 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to develop the anti-falling shoes that assist the balance and prevent falling on hemiplegic patients and elderly people, and to investigate the effect of newly developed anti-falling shoes on the balance scale, test of falling, and gait characteristics of hemiplegic patients clinically. Eleven hemiplegic patients sujects paticipated in this study voluntarily. We provided the anti-falling shoes then asked the subjects to walk on the walkway under the two different shoes conditions. The characteristics of gait in hemiplegic subjects were evaluated using GAITRite system. Additionally Berg balance scale (BBS) and timed up and go (TUG) test for balance and risk of falling were conducted. In the results of this study, the differences of the anti-falling shoes compared with subjects's shoes are as follows: (1) the time-distance parameters of gait were not significant difference except walking speed, (2) BBS score was significantly increased, (3) TUG test score was significantly increased. These findings indicate that the anti-falling shoes compared with subject's shoes have no difference in gait and is effective in enhancing balance and decreasing the falling. 본 연구의 목적은 편마비환자 및 노인들의 균형을 돕고 낙상을 방지하기 위한 신발을 개발하 고, 이를 편마비환자에게 적용하여 균형, 낙상위험도, 그리고 보행특성을 임상적으로 평가하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 총 11명이 자발적으로 참여하였다. 자신의 신발과 낙상방지용 신발을 착용 한 경우의 2가지 신발 조건에서 GAITRite 보행분석장비를 사용하여 보행의 시간-거리 변수를 측 정하였으며, 균형과 낙상위험도 평가를 위하여 버그 균형척도와 timed up and go(TUG) 검사를 실시하였다. 측정결과 연구대상자들은 자신의 신발에 비하여 낙상방지용 신발을 착용했을 때, 보행속도를 제외한 보행의 시간-거리변수에서 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 버그 균형척도와 TUG 측정 치는 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과 낙상방지용 신발은 일반신발에 비하여 보행에 큰 차이를 주지 않으며, 균형을 개선시키고 낙상을 방지하는데 효과가 있었다.

진동 폼롤러와 플로싱밴드 운동이 노인의 하지 근력 및 균형에 미치는 영향

한상완 대한스포츠물리치료학회 2019 정형스포츠물리치료학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of lower muscle strengthening and balance when vibration foam roll and flossing band exercises were performed for 4 weeks by the elderly. Methods: Twenty elderly participants, aged ≥ 65 years, were selected for this study. The participants were equally divided into two groups. Group A performed vibrating foam roll exercises. Group B performed flossing band exercises. Each group performed the respective exercises two times per week for 4 weeks and underwent measurements during muscle strength and timed up-and-go tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. An independent t test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups, and a paired t-test was used to determine statistical differences within the groups. Statistical significance was determined at α =.05. Results: Both the vibration foam roll and flossing band exercise groups showed significant changes in muscle strength and balance in the knee flexors and extensors, ankle dorsi flexors, and ankle plantar flexors between the pre and post intervention values (p<.05). However, we found no significant differences between the two groups except for the knee extensor. Conclusion: In this study, both the vibrating foam roll and flossing band exercises were effective for improving various measures regarding muscle strength and balance.

스위스볼 운동과 탄력밴드 운동이 노인 여성의 균형에 미치는 영향

한상완(Sang Wan Han),이정우(Jeong Woo Lee),김상호(Sang Ho Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2008 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.34

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the swiss ball and thera-band exercise on the balance of the elderly. The participants of the study were thirty six elderly women; control group(n=12), swiss ball exercise group(n=12), thera-band exercise group(n=12). The participants in the exercise groups practiced either the swiss ball or thera-band exercise program 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The data were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA test. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In a one leg standing test, there were significant differences in interaction between time and group(p<0.001). 2. In a timed "up and go" test, there were significant differences in interaction between time and group(p<0.001). 3. In a functional reach test, there were significant differences in interaction between time and group(p<0.001). In conclusion, after exercise, both exercise groups were improved in the balance of the elderly. Especially, swiss ball exercise group had greater improvement than the thera-band and control group in the timed "up and go" test. These results suggest that both exercises play an important role in balance ability. Finally the swiss ball exercise resulted in improved dynamic balance ability for the elderly.

The Effect of Vibration Foam Roll and Flossing Band Exercise on Muscle Strengthing and Balance in Olders

Sangwan Han 대한스포츠물리치료학회 2019 정형스포츠물리치료학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of lower muscle strengthening and balance when vibration foam roll and flossing band exercises were performed for 4 weeks by the elderly. Methods: Twenty elderly participants, aged ≥ 65 years, were selected for this study. The participants were equally divided into two groups. Group A performed vibrating foam roll exercises. Group B performed flossing band exercises. Each group performed the respective exercises two times per week for 4 weeks and underwent measurements during muscle strength and timed up-and-go tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. An independent t test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups, and a paired t-test was used to determine statistical differences within the groups. Statistical significance was determined at α =.05. Results: Both the vibration foam roll and flossing band exercise groups showed significant changes in muscle strength and balance in the knee flexors and extensors, ankle dorsi flexors, and ankle plantar flexors between the pre and post intervention values (p<.05). However, we found no significant differences between the two groups except for the knee extensor. Conclusion: In this study, both the vibrating foam roll and flossing band exercises were effective for improving various measures regarding muscle strength and balance.

Effects of therapeutic horse-riding program on the walking ability of students with intellectual disabilities

( Ok-deuk Kang ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.2

The purpose of this study was to determine if an 8-week therapeutic riding (TR) program was effective in improving the walking ability of students with intellectual disabilities. Thirteen students diagnosed with intellectual disabilities participated in the TR program. TR sessions were conducted twice a week (30 min per session), with a total of 16 rides taking place over an 8-week period. A gait measurement analyzer was used to measure progress based on a turn test (6-m walking and turning test), walk test (10-m walking), and timed up and go (TUG) test. Measurements were made three times: before horse-riding (P0), after 4 weeks (8 rides) of horse-riding (P1), and after 8 weeks (16 rides) of horse-riding (P2). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (ver. 22.0). Descriptive statistics were generated on the general characteristics of the subjects, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the data. Because of the lack of normality, the data were analyzed using a nonparametric method and the significance level was set to 0.05. Measurements of the duration of the forward gait cycle (s) in the turn test and the forward gait speed (m/s) in the walk test indicated improved walking ability after the TR program (p < 0.001); the stride length (% height) also increased significantly (p < 0.05). The walk test revealed a significant effect of the program on the duration of the forward gait cycle (p < 0.05), while there were significant improvements on the left and right of the elaborated strides (p < 0.001). No significant improvement in TUG test performance was observed after the TR program. In this study, an 8-week TR program had positive results on gait. Therefore, further research is merited, where TR programs are likely to improve the walking ability of individuals with intellectual disabilities.

동작관찰훈련 프로그램이 편마비환자의 보행 및 균형에 미치는 영향

김해리,이효정 대한통합의학회 2018 대한통합의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Action-observational training program on gait and balance of patients with hemiplegia. Method : The subjects of this study are patients with hemiplegia; 10 patients who agreed with this research, were picked up. Participants were divided randomly into equal groups: experimental group that applied to action-observation training for at least 30 minutes/day for 6 weeks and control group that underwent general task-oriented training. Gait and balance were measured 10 meter walk test(10MWT), gait speed, berg balance scale(BBS) and timed up and go(TUG). The intervention were compared by measuring before and after. Result : There were significant improvements in the subscales of the gait and balance test of those who practiced with the Action-observational training program, while the control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion : Therefore, Action-observational training program is effective in improvement of to improve the gait and balance in patients with hemiplegia.

3차원 모션 캡쳐 시스템과 IMU 센서 간 절대 오차율 비교를 통한 동적 균형 측정 시 IMU 센서 최적 위치 판별에 대한 연구

고정배(Jeong Bae Ko),윤정식(Jeong Shick Yoon),이창기(Chang Ki Lee),변태민(Tae Min Byeon),홍재수(Jae Soo Hong) 대한인간공학회 2019 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.38 No.6

Objective: Based on the 3D motion capture system, this study aims to determine the optimum position of IMU sensor used in dynamic balance evaluation. Background: Dynamic balancing ability refers to the ability to balance while maintaining the center of gravity while the body is moving. Low dynamic balancing capabilities increase the likelihood of falls. Recently, research on the dynamic balance of the body using the miniaturized IMU sensor is actively underway. However, the existing dynamic balance studies have different IMU sensor attachment locations, and the study comparing and evaluating the accuracy of the evaluation results according to the IMU sensor attachment location is few. Method: Timed Up and Go (TUG) evaluation was performed on six adults of different body sizes. The location of IMU sensors was selected from the literature survey by seven places (Sternum, L2, S2, Wrist and Shank) which are mainly used for dynamic balance assessment. The comparative analysis was performed by deriving the absolute error rate of the TUG evaluation between the 3D motion capture system and the 7 IMU sensors, the performance time of each stage of the TUG evaluation, walking speed, average walking time, and average walking time. Results: TUG evaluation overall performance time absolute percentage error was the lowest at 1.4% in the middle of the sternum. The absolute percentage error for performing sub-task of the TUG evaluation was similar to 7.9% and 7.5%, respectively, at the sternum and at the L2. The absolute percentage error of the mean walking speed was the lowest on L2 (4.6%). The mean step time absolute percentage error was similar to 2.7%, 2.8%, and 2.9%, respectively, in the trunk (Sternum, L2 and S2). The absolute percentage error of the mean stride time was the lowest at 1.7 percent at L2. Conclusion: The absolute percentage error tends to be relatively small when attaching an IMU sensor to the trunk (Sternum, L2 and S2) during dynamic balance evaluation in laboratory environments. Application: The results of this study can be used as a basic data for considering the location of IMU sensors in the study of dynamic balance based on IMU sensor.

뇌졸중 환자에 대한 기능적 보행평가, 버그 균형척도, 일어나 걸어가기 검사의 동시 타당도

원종임(Jong-im Won),김기송(Ki-song Kim) 한국전문물리치료학회 2011 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Balance is a complex motor skill that depends on interactions between multiple sensorimotor processes and environmental and functional contexts. Many rehabilitation specialists believe that balance assessment under multitask conditions may be a more sensitive indicator of balance problems and falls than balance assessment in a single-task context. Functional Gait Assessment has many tasks that allow for testing under multitask conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity between the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) in patients with stroke. One hundred and five participants with at least 3 months post stroke and able to walk at least 6 m with or without a mono cane, participated in this study. Concurrent validity between the FGA, BBS, and TUG was assessed using Spearman rank order correlation. The FGA correlated with the BBS (r=.80, p<.01) and TUG (r=-.77, p<.01). The good and moderate correlation between the FGA, BBS, and TUG establishes the concurrent validity of the FGA in patients with stroke. These measures provide clinicians with valuable information about patients’ functional balance capabilities.