객체지향 테스팅을 지원하는 전통적인 테스팅에 관한 연구

안종근,추연수,이진영 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 1998 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.3 No.3

Computer software is widly used such as nuclear electric development, missle system, large scale industrial process etc. In these systems, small mistake may bring on serious damage. There are unit testing, integration testing, and system testing by the view of scale. Also there are functional testing and structral testing by the view of methodology. There are some trouble-such as inheritance, encapsulation, and reusable-object-oriented program apply to procedural program testing in unit testing. However object-oriented program testing is need for additional consideration. Object-oriented program is constitute interaction of message. So almost object-oriented program testing is focus to functional testing. But functional testing technique cannot find error because don't know implementation of program. In this paper, I suggest Class Call Graph in order to know how interaction object and function. And then perform traditional testing technique to object-oriented program testing.

전사적 응용시스템 테스트를 위한 DB이미지 생성에 관한 연구

권오승(Ohseung Kwon),홍사능(Saneung Hong) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2011 지능정보연구 Vol.17 No.4

In general, testing DB applications is much more difficult than testing other types of software. The fact that the DB states as much as the input data influence and determine the procedures and results of program testing is one of the decisive reasons for the difficulties. In order to create and maintain proper DB states for testing, it not only takes a lot of time and efforts, but also requires extensive IT expertise and business knowledge. Despite the difficulties, there are not enough research and tools for the needed help. This article reports the result of research on automatic creation and maintenance of DB states for testing DB applications. As its core, this investigation develops an automation tool which collects relevant information from a variety of sources such as log, schema, tables and messages, combines collected information intelligently, and creates pre- and post-Images of database tables proper for application tests. The proposed procedures and tool are expected to be greatly helpful for overcoming inefficiencies and difficulties in not just unit and integration tests but including regression tests. Practically, the tool and procedures proposed in this research allows developers to improve their productivity by reducing time and effort required for creating and maintaining appropriate DB sates, and enhances the quality of DB applications since they are conducive to a wider variety of test cases and support regression tests. Academically, this research deepens our understanding and introduces new approach to testing enterprise systems by analyzing patterns of SQL usages and defining a grammar to express and process the patterns.

Does Test Taking Experience Make a Difference?: In Strategy Use and Test Scores

황선유,이명관 현대영어교육학회 2009 현대영어교육 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of the study is to examine whether taking tests makes differences in test score and test-taking strategies while learners are taking a reading test. In particular, the study investigates which types of questions and test-taking strategies are improved by test experience. For the study, participants were seventy-one Korean university EFL students, out of whom thirty-seven had three simulated tests and thirty-four didn’t have before the test. Results of a ANOVA indicate that differences between two groups are made in reading test score and some test-taking strategies. In details, test-takers got higher scores, showing improvement in the types of main idea and detail questions. The analysis of data, also, revealed that test-takers made use of test-taking strategies more frequently along with a remarkable difference in frequent use of managing strategy, one of three test-taking strategies: reasoning, guessing, and managing strategies. Consequently, the study showed that test experience helps the students gain higher score in main ideas and detail information questions not in inference question. Also, out of three types of test-taking strategies only managing strategy was more frequently used by test-takers. The study suggests that experience in tests could contribute to developing managing strategy effectively in answering to reading questions within limited time, but it is less likely to lead test takers to employ reasoning and guessing strategies relevant to successful reading comprehension.

조현병 환자가 시행한 주의력 네트워크 검사 점수의검사-재검사 신뢰도

이재창,김지은,김민영,양지선,한명훈,권혁찬,김기웅,임상현,정은의,김지웅,임우영,이상민,김승준 한국정신신체의학회 2017 정신신체의학 Vol.25 No.2

Objectives:Although the Attention Network Test(ANT) has been widely used to assess selective attention including alerting, orienting, and conflict processing, data on its test-retest reliability are lacking for clinical population. The objective of the current study was to investigate test-retest reliability of the ANT in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. Methods:Fourteen patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy controls participated in the study. They are tested with ANT twice with 1 week interval. Test–retest reliability was analyzed with Pearson and Intra-class correlations. Results:Patients with schizophrenia showed high test–retest correlations for mean reaction time, orienting effect, and conflict effect. Also, they showed moderate to high test-retest correlations for mean accuracy and moderate test-retest correlations for alerting effect and conflict error rate. On the other hand, healthy controls revealed high test–retest correlations for mean reaction time and moderate to high test-retest correlations for conflict error rate. In addition, they revealed moderate test-retest correlations for alert effect, orienting effect, and conflict effect. Conclusions:The mean reaction time, alerting effect, orienting effect, conflict effect, and conflict error rate of ANT showed acceptable test–retest reliabilities in healthy controls as well as patient with schizophrenia. Therefore, the analyses of these reliable measures of ANT are recommended for case-control studies in patients with schizophrenia. 연구목적: 조현병 환자의 선택적 주의력을 평가하기 위해 집중력 네트워크 검사(Attention Network Test)가 널리 사용되고 있으나, 조현병 환자들이 시행한 집중력 네트워크 검사 결과의 신뢰도에 대해서는 연구된 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 조현병 환자를 대상으로 주의력 네트워크 검사의 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 연구하여 이 검사의 심리측정적 특성(psychometric properties)을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 조현병 환자 14명, 일반인 23명이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 실험대상자들은 일주일 간격으로 두 번 동일한 시간에 주의력 네트워크 검사를 수행하였다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 분석하기 위해 피어슨 상관분석(Pearson correlation) 과 급내 상관분석(Intra-class correlation)을 시행하였다. 결 과: 조현병 환자들은 집중력 네트워크 검사의 측정 항목 중 평균 반응시간, 지향 효과, 갈등처리 효과에서 높은정도의 상관관계를 보였다. 정확도에서는 중간부터 높은 정도의 상관관계를 보였으며, 각성 효과와 갈등처리오답률에서는 중간 정도의 상관관계를 보였다. 한편, 일반인은 평균 반응시간에서 높은 정도의 상관관계를 보였고, 갈등처리 오답률에서 중간부터 높은 정도의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한, 각성 효과, 지향 효과, 갈등처리 효과에서 중간 정도의 상관관계를 보였으며, 각성 오답률에서 중간 정도의 역상관관계를 보였다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 조현병 환자와 일반인 모두에서 중간 정도 이상의 신뢰도를 보이는 집중력 네트워크검사 항목은 평균 반응시간, 각성 효과, 지향 효과, 갈등처리 효과, 갈등처리 오답률 항목이다. 그러므로 집중력네트워크 검사를 사용하여 조현병 환자군 대 일반 대조군 실험을 시행할 때, 상기 항목들의 결과를 비교하는것이 신뢰도 측면에서 추천된다.

Исследование процесса тестирования как особого вида коммуникации (на материале систем тестирования в России и в Корее)

Елена Бриченкова 한국슬라브어학회 2017 슬라브어연구 Vol.22 No.2

This article is devoted to the analysis of testing systems in Russia and Korea. In this article, a test is treated as a special type of communication. The subject of this research is a test for a cross-cultural communication. When students with a specific cultural background pass tests, they begin a cross-cultural communication. Of course, systems of testing have universal, national, specific features. For this reason testing as a special type of communication can be considered from both pedagogical and cultural linguistic points of view. Due to interaction of culture and language, variety of ways and forms of giving in the test, national texts can be a difficult barrier to the student who wants to pass the test. The student has to be psychologically ready for this process. Testers and teachers have to know features of test systems. Research problems are to characterize testing as a type of educational communication, to define testing as communicative interaction, to describe systems of testing in Russia and Korea in order to detect national peculiarities of these systems. This article contains methodical features. It has to help teachers who make students be prepared to pass a test. Decoding of the foreign language signs in the testing process depends on psychological and cultural characteristics of the recipient. Interpretation of a written text depends on the level of its national culturological loads. Understanding the content of the texts which are given for state testing in a foreign language allows those who are tested to minimize psychological barriers in the perception of the foreign language text and to demonstrate an objective level of language competences. A teacher can make an addition to linguo-methodical component of foreign language classes. Успешность коммуникативного взаимодействия в процессе тестирования определяется рядом факторов, имеющих психологический, культурологический, собственно лингвистический и формально организационный характер. Специфичность коммуникации в условиях тестирования находит свое теоретическое обоснование в теории коммуникации и практические истоки в педагогике и тестологии. Рассмотренный генезис коммуникации позволяет отнести тестирование к особому виду коммуникации. Особенности процесса тестирования как коммуникативно-речевого взаимодействия основываются на понимании того, что восприятие не идентично пониманию, в то время как реализация этих компонентов речевосприятия особенно значима в процессе тестирования для необходимой демонстрации завершенности процесса восприятия иноязычной речи. Процесс восприятия звучащей речи иностранцами складывается по особым канонам, отличающимся особым репертуаром средств, несмотря на универсальность схемы коммуника-ции в целом. В результате проведенного исследования описаны взаимоотношения тестора и тестируемого в условиях тестирования: проанализированы цели взаимодействия, ориентации, выяснена система социальных связей и отношений, взаимосвязь последних с нормами, регулирующими систему взаимоотношений коммуникантов в процессе общения. Описание представлено в виде коммуникограммы, где отражен процесс тестирования через виды взаимодействия, характерные для участников коммуникации. Так, очевидна особая роль тестирующего и тестируемого в процессе тестирования по сравнению с другими коммуникативными ситуациями. Особенности коммуникации напрямую зависят от «внешних» правил – регламента процесса государственного тестирования, от «внутренних» правил – речевого поведения участников коммуникации, а также от коммуникационных барьеров, которые изучены для представления полной научно обоснованной характеристики тестирования как особого вида коммуникативного взаимодействия. Изучение процесса тестирования как комму-никативного взаимодействия позволяет выявить, что тестируемый во время работы с материалами отдельных субтестов обнаруживает способность участвовать в коммуникативной ...

구성가능한 소프트웨어 제품라인 시험에서 코드 커버리지 측정

한수빈,이지현,고서연 한국정보처리학회 2022 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.11 No.7

Testing approaches for configurable software product lines differs significantly from a single software testing, as it requires considerationof common parts used by all member products of a product line and variable parts shared by some or a single product. Test coverageis a measure of the adequacy of testing performed. Test coverage measurements are important to evaluate the adequacy of testing atthe software product line level, as there can be hundreds of member products produced from configurable software product lines. Thispaper proposes a method for measuring code coverage at the product line level in configurable software product lines. The proposedmethod tests the member products of a product line after hierarchizing member products based on the inclusion relationship of theselected features, and quantifies SPL(Software Product Line) test coverage by synthesizing the test coverage of each product. As a resultof applying the proposed method to 11 configurable software product line cases, we confirmed that the proposed method couldquantitatively visualize how thoroughly the SPL testing was performed to help verify the adequacy of the SPL testing. In addition, wecould check whether the newly performed testing for a member product covers the newly added code parts of a feature. 구성가능한 소프트웨어 제품라인 시험은 모든 멤버제품들에 포함되는 공통 부분과 일부 또는 단일 제품에 포함되는 가변 부분을 고려해야 하기때문에 단일 제품 시험 방법들을 그대로 적용하기 어렵다. 소프트웨어 시스템 시험에서 시험 커버리지는 수행된 시험의 적절성을 측정하는 척도이다. 구성가능한 소프트웨어 제품라인으로부터 생성될 수 있는 멤버제품들은 수백 개에 이를 수 있기 때문에 시험 커버리지 측정은 소프트웨어 제품라인수준에서 시험의 적절성을 평가하기 위해 중요하다. 이 논문은 구성가능한 소프트웨어 제품라인 시험에서 제품라인 수준의 코드 커버리지 측정방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 피처 집합의 포함 관계를 기준으로 제품들을 계층화한 후 제품라인의 멤버제품들을 시험하고, 시험으로부터 얻어진각 제품의 시험 커버리지들을 종합하여 SPL 시험 커버리지를 정량화한다. 제안한 방법을 11개의 구성가능한 소프트웨어 제품라인 사례에 적용하여검증한 결과, 제안한 방법은 SPL 시험이 얼마나 철저하게 수행되었는지를 정량적으로 기술하여 SPL 시험의 적정성을 확인할 수 있도록 도왔다. 또한, 새로 추가된 SPL 멤버제품의 시험이 이전 멤버제품 시험 대비 커버리지를 증가시키는 방향인지 확인할 수 있어 새로운 시험케이스들이 멤버제품들 간의 차이를 커버하는 방향으로 시험이 이루어지고 있는지 확인할 수 있었다.

진단 목적의 컴퓨터 기반 영어 시험에 대한수험생 반응

김해동 인하대학교 교육연구소 2018 교육문화연구 Vol.24 No.2

This study intends to analyze test-takers’ responses to a computer-based English test designed with a diagnostic purpose. A total of 798 university freshmen took a computer-based test (CBT) developed by a university in South Korea and also participated in a questionnaire survey asking about their opinions about the test. The analysis of the survey results showed that the questions about the authenticity of listening, the appropriateness of reading, the screen organization of reading and the illustrations were positively responded. However, the level of difficulty in listening and reading, the length of time in listening and the sound quality were negatively answered. The results of ANOVAs revealed that those who achieved lower scores from the diagnostic test responded more negatively to the questions about the level of difficulty, the length of the time and the authenticity than those who received higher scores. These results suggest that it should be difficult to replace immediately a paper-and-pencil test with a CBT. The test-takers should be given more opportunities to be familiarized with the new diagnostic test. 본 연구는 영어 능력 진단 평가용으로 개발된 컴퓨터 기반 시험(computer-based test, CBT)에 대하여 수험생들의반응을 분석하는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. 연구 참가자는 총 798명의 대학 신입생들로서 이들은 국내에서 개발한컴퓨터 기반 시험에 응시하였다. 이들은 시험 후 대상 시험에 대한 의견을 묻는 설문에 참여하였다. 설문 응답을분석 한 결과 듣기 영역 문항의 진정성, 읽기 영역 문항의 적절성, 읽기 영역 화면 구성 그리고 삽화에 대하여 긍정적인응답을 한 것으로 드러났다. 그러나 듣기와 읽기 영역의 난이도, 듣기 영역 시간의 길이 및 듣기의 음질에 대한응답은 부정적인 것으로 나타났다. 일원분산분석(ANOVA)의 결과에 따르면 진단 평가에서 낮은 점수를 받은 수험생들은난이도 수준, 시간의 길이 및 진정성에 대한 설문 문항에 대하여 높은 점수를 받은 수험생들 보다 더 부정적으로반응하였다. 이러한 결과는 대학생 대상 영어 능력 진단 평가의 경우 현재의 CBT가 기존의 지필고사를 즉각 대신할 수는 없음을 시사한다. 향후 시험 실행자나 개발자들은 수험생들이 컴퓨터 기반 시험에 익숙해지도록 안내하고경험할 기회를 보다 많이 제공해야한다.

Assessment Practices of High School Teachers in Malaysia

Mohd Sallehhudin Abd Aziz 한국영어평가학회 2011 영어평가 Vol.6 No.1

In recent months, the Ministry of Education, Malaysia has floated the idea of reducing the role of standardized tests and replacing it with school based assessment in which the role of testing is shifted to the school. The reason given for this is that there is an over reliance on tests by teachers and students. The shift to school based assessment has inadvertently raised several issues. Are the teachers equipped with testing knowledge and skills to construct tests? How good are the tests they construct in the school? According to Hedge (2000) , the process of constructing a test requires well defined practices. She defines testing practices as the process of designing, constructing and setting up tests and a host of other activities revolving around testing. This paper discusses the testing practices of a group of experienced teachers in schools in Malaysia. It intends to investigate the procedures and processes used by these teachers in constructing their tests. The study also aims to investigate the extent of assessment knowledge and skills that these teachers have in undertaking the tasks of test construction. This study also attempts to qualitatively investigate the perceived qualities of the tests constructed as compared to the best test development models. A total of ten English language teachers were involved in the study. The results from the investigation show that experienced teachers do not have adequate knowledge and skills in language testing and evaluation to be able to construct proper tests. The tests they construct generally do not reflect the basic principles and procedures of good tests development models such as McNamara (2008), Hughes (2003) and Bachman and Palmer (1996).

English Reading Performance and Test-taking Strategies Use in the Two Reading Test Formats

( Jian Shi ),( Jeong Won Lee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2010 현대영어영문학 Vol.54 No.2

The present study reports an investigation into the comparison of test-taking strategies use in the two English reading test formats. Participants were 106 college level Chinese-speaking students of non-English majors, taking an obligatory English class in a college in China. They were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A taking the paper-pencil test and Group B the computer-based test. They took 20-item multiple-choice English reading comprehension test in each test format before answering a 16-item test-taking strategy questionnaire. The results revealed that 1) there were no significant effects of the test formats on their English reading test performance; 2) there were some effects of the test formats on their strategies use; and 3) the test formats had effects on strategies use of the low-level test-takers. (Chungnam National University)

Test-Case Prioritization Using Adaptive Approach

Sarabjit Kaur,Bhanu Priya 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.5

Test-case prioritization provides the way to organize the order of test cases according to the priority. There are many approaches which are used for test case prioritization. Adaptive approach can be used for test case prioritization. At the execution time adaptive approach gives the all information regarding to current execution or previous execution of program. The adaptive approach evaluating the effectiveness of the test cases. This also provides the information regarding to errors. The adaptive approach arrange the priority of each test cases in decreasing order. We have conducted results which are based upon java programs. We are generating 100 test cases based upon java language. In, this paper we are using APSC metric which describe the statement coverage of test cases. The adaptive approach select the test case then execute it, after execution the priority of the test case will be calculated. This paper also gives the information of statement coverage as well as gives information regarding to those statement which are not covered or unselected. The error rate of test case execution will be also described using adaptive approach. As well as we can say that this paper presents the detail study regarding to APSC metric with the help of adaptive approach.