생체지표를 이용한 통근 스트레스 측정 및 분석

박정욱 한국교통연구원 2013 交通硏究 Vol.20 No.1

When people use transportation, they get stressed due to inner and external factors. It is important to reduce transportation user’ stress so as to improve the transportation services and upgrade the effectiveness of the policy. To achieve this, factors and the degree of stress should be identified accurately, and the results should be reflected to policies realisitically. But existing qualitative methods, such as user satisfaction surveys, is difficult to identify objective stress. It is also difficult to identify the causal relationship. In this study, as a way to overcome limitations of qualitative analysis, stress evaluation method using bio-index is proposed. And this study measure and analyze commuting stress by mode and condition by using bio-index. Mean RRI, mean HR are designated as physical indicators, LF/HF are designated as psychological indicators, and RR triangular is designated as total gross indicator. These indicators makes a quantitative analysis possible. Stress level is analyzed to be low in the order of subway, bus and car in an experiment conducted for commuters between KINTEX, Ilsan and Seoul City Hall. And boarding stress is higher than transfer stress, approach stress, and waiting stress. Also, stress level by vehicle crowdedness, travel time, and sudden stop is also analyzed. It is expected that the evaluation system devised in the study will be used widely for transport services improvement policies by reflecting individual's different level of stress based on different physical and psychological characteristics. 교통수단을 이용할 때마다 내․외적 요인에 의해 육체적․정신적으로 저항(이하 스트레스)을 받게 된다. 교통서비스개선 정책의 실효성 제고를 위해서는 이용자가 체감하는 스트레스를 가능한 한 적게 받도록 하는 것이 중요한 과제 중의 하나라고 할 수 있다. 이를 위해 기본적으로 스트레스의 요인과 그 정도를 가능한 정확하게 파악하고, 이를 정책에 현실성 있게 반영함이 필요하다. 그러나 기존의 이용자 만족도 조사와 같이 인식에 기초를 둔 정성적인 방법으로는 객관적이고 정량적으로 스트레스를 파악하기 어려울 뿐만 아니라, 원인과 결과에 대한 인과관계도 파악하는데 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 정성적 분석의 한계성 개선을 위해 생체지표를 활용한 스트레스 평가방법을 제시하고, 제시된 방법을 기반으로 실증적으로 통근 시 교통수단별 이용 환경 조건에 따른 스트레스의 요인과 요인별 스트레스의 특성을 분석하였다. 생체지표로는, 신체적 부하 지표로 mean RRI, mean HR, 심리적 부하 지표로 LF/HF, 총량적 지표로 RR triangular를 선정하였으며, 이들 지표를 활용하여 스트레스를 정량적으로 계측하는 것이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 설정된 통근 환경, 즉 일산 킨텍스와 서울 시청간 통근시를 실증적으로 분석한 결과, 지하철·승용차·버스 순으로 스트레스가 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 대중교통 이용시 승차, 환승, 접근, 대기 순으로 스트레스가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 차내 혼잡도, 통행시간, 급정차 등에 따른 스트레스의 정도도 파악되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 생체지표를 이용한 스트레스 평가 방법은 개인의 신체적, 정신적 특성에 따른 스트레스의 차이를 반영한 양적․질적 교통서비스 개선 정책에 폭넓게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

스포츠심리학 : 고등학교 학생들의 체육수업에 대한 스트레스 요인 분석 및 해소방안

이정우(LeeJung-Woo) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze stress factors of high school students participating in physical education classes and provide plans to reduce their stress by examining differences in the level of stress by the type of school, dwelling area, grade, and gender.Three questionnaires were administered to male and female high school students living in Kyong Nam Province. In the first questionnaire, 565 students out of 10 schools participated as subjects. In the second and third questionnaires, 1,137 students out of 20 schools and 597 students out of 10 schools participated as subjects respectively. Results of the questionnaire were analyzed by factor analysis and ANOVA.Results of the analyses were as the following:1. From the original 96 question, 30 were identified as valid items, and classified into six stress factors. The levels of stress on the six factors were found to be in the order of the burden of examination, the lack of self-confidence, the content of class, facility and environmental conditions, complaints about teachers, and conflicts between friends.2. The level of stress students felt in physical education classes was shown to differ by the type of school, dwelling area, and gender. In terms of the difference between the type of school, vocational high school students were found to feel more stress than academic high school students in every stress factor except the burden of examination, In terms of the dwelling area, students living in urban area were shown to feel more stress than those in rural area in every stress factor except the conflicts between friends. With regard to the difference between gender, female students were found to feel more stress than male students in every stress factor except the facility and environmental conditions.3. Responses of students to the expected contribution of each stress factor to the reduction in stress were different from their responses to those factors as the cause of stress. The expected levels of reduction in stress by each factor were shown to be in the order of facility and environmental conditions, complaints about teachers, the burden of examination, conflicts between friends, the lack of self-confidence, and the content of class. The expected level of each factor for the reduction of stress was found to differ by the type of school, dwelling area, grade, and gender.

특수 환경(GOP, GP)에서 근무하는 육군 병사의 군 생활 스트레스와 건강증진행위

이진이 ( Jin Yi Lee ),박연환 ( Yeon Hwan Park ) 국군간호사관학교 군진간호연구소 2012 군진간호연구 Vol.30 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was descriptive correlational survey to identify stress, health promotion behavior and correlation between stress and health promotion behavior of soldiers in a specific environment. Methods: The data were collected from 465 soldiers who work in 2 military units of GOP(General Outpost), GP(Guard Post) from August 8th to September 15th in 2011. The data was composed of instrument of Soldier Stress and HPLP-II, and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Turkey HSD and Pearson`s correlation coefficient. Results: The mean of Soldier Stress was 2.10. Although it was lower than average, 12.3% soldiers still had stress higher than average. The Soldier Stress according to characteristic was a significant difference depending on the level of income. The health promotion behavior also had a significant difference on education level. In particular, the Soldier Stress showed a significant difference in role-relationship stress and environment. The correlation among Soldier Stress and Health Promotion Behavior showed a negative correlation except external stress. Conclusion: From the results, it was concluded that soldiers who have a high stress score were necessary to manage their stress. Also soldiers need to take care of health promotion behavior. If soldiers in the specific environment would manage their health promotion behavior more effectively, it has the effect of not only improving their mental health but also quality of life positively. Above all, it will be helpful for soldiers in specific environment to promote their health and fighting strength. Therefore, it is necessary to have the intervention reflected soldiers characters in specific environment and it needs to improve their health promotion behavior for stress management.

의과대학생에서 스트레스 대처방식과 사회적 지지가 스트레스의 지각에 미치는 영향

이이레,김민경,김혜원 대한불안의학회 2021 대한불안의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Objective : We aimed to examine the demographic factors and personal resources that affect medical students’ perceived stress. In particular, the extent to which coping strategies and social support influenced perceived stress was investigated. Methods : A total of 321 medical students, which consisted of 116 first-year students, 100 second-year students, and 105 third-year students, participated in the present study. The levels of perceived stress, coping style, and perceived social support were measured by the perceived stress scale, the ways of coping scale, and the multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support, respectively. The influence of coping style and social support on perceived stress was examined by multiple linear regression, after controlling for age, sex, grade, and medical school entrance type. Results : The perceived stress level was significantly different between undergraduate-entry and graduate- entry medical students (18.39 vs. 16.38, t=2.625, p=0.009). Other sociodemographic factors did not affect the extent to which medical students experienced stress. The multiple regression model was significant (p<0.001), and active problem-focused coping (p<0.001) and social support from friends (p=0.003) were associated with a lower level of perceived stress. Conclusion : Our results suggest that problem-focused strategies and supportive relationships with friends may play a role in reducing medical students’ stress levels. These findings have implications for teaching students how to approach stressful situations and encouraging students to build communities among themselves may help students manage stress during medical school effectively. (Anxiety and Mood 2021;17(1):12-18)

여대생의 심박변이도와 스트레스 지수 및 신체적 · 심리적 스트레스의 상관성 연구

양윤권(Yang, Yoon-Kwon) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigated the relationship for the application and the usefulness of correlation analysis in physical stress, psychological stress, stress index and heart rate variability in female college students. The subjects participated in this experiment voluntary for this study were 58 female college students. The physical stress and psychological stress were measure by survey(Son 2010, Cho 2016). The Stress Index(SI) and HRV(Heart Rate Variability) were measured by UBioClip(v70, korea). For analysis, multiple correlation analysis were used by SPSS(ver21). The heart rate variability(HVR) of female college students were negative correlation with physical & psychological stress but not statistics significant relationship. The stress index(SI) of female college students were positive correlation with HRV(Heart Rate Variability) but not statistics significant relationship. The results suggest that high HVR and low SI may have positive effect for physical stress and psychological stress.

장기적인 스트레스후 imipramine과 tryptophan처리가 흰쥐 솔기핵의 serotonin 면역 반응에 미치는 영향

김명순(Myoung-Soon Kim),이창현(Chang-Hyun Lee) 대한해부학회 2002 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.35 No.5

전기 충격으로 stress를 가한 후 imipramine과 tryptophan을 흰쥐의 복강에 투여한 20일후 연수와 중뇌 솔기핵의 신경 세포체의 수와 염색강도를 면역조직화학 염색법에 의하여 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Stress를 처리한 군에서는 saline을 투여한 군에 비해 serotonin에 면역반응을 보인 신경 세포체의 수가 유의성있게 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 2. Imipramine을 투여한 군에서는 saline 투여군에 비해 serotonin에 대한 면역 반응을 보인 신경 세포체의 수가 감소 되었다. 3. Stress-imipramine 처리군에서는 stress 단독 처리군에 비하여 serotonin에 면역반응을 보인 신경 세포체의 수는 유의성있게 감소하였으나 imipramine 처리군보다는 유의성있게 증가하였다. 4. Stress-tryptophan 처리군에서는 stress단독 처리군이나 saline 처리군에 비하여 serotonin에 면역반응을 보인 신경 세포체의 수는 유의성있게 증가하였다. 이상의 실험결과로 stress로 인하여 중뇌 솔기핵의 serotonin에 면역 반응을 보인 신경 세포체들이 활성화되어 증가되었 으나 imipramine과 병용해서 처리할 때는 imipramine에 의하여 serotonin에 면역 반응을 보인 신경 세포체의 활성이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. These experiments were performed to investigate the effect of saline, stress, imipramine, stress-imipramine and/or stress-tryptophan on serotonin immunoreactivity in raphe nucleus of the rats (200~220 g, body weight). The animals were injected i.p. with imipramine (15 mg/kg) and tryptophan (15 mg/kg) after electric shocks for 20 days. The result by immunohistochemical methods were as follows; 1. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe nucleus of midbrain were significantly increased in stress treated group compared to saline treated group. 2. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe nucleus of midbrain were decreased in imipramine treated group compared all the other group. 3. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe nucleus of midbrain were significantly decreased in stress-imipramine treated group compared to stress alone treated group but were significantly increased in stress-imipramine treated group compared to imipramine treated group. 4. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe nucleus of midbrain were significantly increased in stress-tryptophan treated group compared to stress alone and saline treated group. These experiments indicated that serotonin immunoreactive neurons in raphe nucleus of midbrain were increased due to the activation of stress and decreased by suppresing activation of stress through imipramine treatment.

암반 응력조건에 따른 원형수직구 굴착시의 응력경로 및 응력모드 분석

박상찬,문현구 한국자원공학회 2014 한국자원공학회지 Vol.51 No.6

수직구는 심도에 따른 초기응력 조건이 계속 변화하는 특징을 갖는다. 암반내 다양한 초기응력 조건을측압계수와 수평응력비를 이용한 초기주응력모드로 분류하고 초기주응력비가 갖는 응력상태의 특징을 분석하였다. 굴착으로 재형성되는 수직구 벽면의 2차주응력을 크기와 방향에 따라 2차주응력모드로 분류하고, 원형공동에 대한 이론해와 3차원 수치해석법을 이용하여 다양한 초기응력 조건에서의 원형수직구 굴착에 따른 응력경로와 응력모드 분석을 수행하였다. 주응력 평면에서의 응력경로 분석을 통하여 초기주응력모드와 2차주응력모드와의 상관성을 평가하였다. 또한, 암반조건과 보강조건이 수직구 굴착시의 응력경로와 응력모드에 미치는영향을 분석하였다. In-situ stresses change continuously as the depth of the shaft increases. Various in-situ stress conditions are classified using In-situ principal stress mode defined by the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress and the ratio of horizontal stresses. And the characteristics of in-situ principal stress ratio relating to stress condition are analysed. Secondary principal stress mode is used to classify the principal stresses states acting on the shaft wall after excavation according to the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses. And stress-path and stress-mode analyses are performed by using analytic solution and 3-dimensional numerical method for a circular-shaped shaft excavation with various in-situ stress conditions. With analysis of stress-path, correlation between In-situ principal stress mode and Secondary principal stress mode is estimated. Also, the effects of rock mass condition and support state on the stress-path and stress-mode during the shaft excavation are analysed.

초등학교 교사의 직무스트레스에 관한 연구

한경진(Han Kyoung Jin) 한국교육실천연구학회(한국교육포럼) 2007 韓國敎育論壇 Vol.6 No.1

현대인들은 급변하는 사회 속에 적응하기 위해 스스로 많은 변화를 가져야하는데 이 과정에서 심리적으로 스트레스를 유발할 수 있다. 스트레스가 과도하게 되면 신체적, 정신적 측면에서 많은 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다. 교사도 예외일 수 없으며 교사의 스트레스는 교육이라는 직무수행에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 이 연구는 교사용 직무스트레스 척도를 사용하여 경기 북부지역 초등학교 교사 167명을 대상으로 교사의 개인적 변인 (성별, 직위별, 연령별, 학교 규모별)에 따른 스트레스 정도를 밝히는 데 목적을 두고 설문조사 및 분석을 하였다, 이를 토대로 초등학교 교사들이 경험하고 있는 직무스트레스 요 언을 파악하여 교사의 스트레스 예방을 위한 기초 자료를 마련하고자 한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the causes and levels of teacher job stress. It is very important to study the stressor of teacher job stress because stress has impact on teacher job performance. Especially, some evidence shows that teacher stress is related to teacher burnout and reduces the quality of teacher job performance. Thus, to promote the effectiveness of school, teacher stress should be examined. The teacher stress inventory is composed of 29 stress-related items. To study the teacher job stress, 167 elementary school teachers(male, female) in north GyeongGi-Do were sampled. The respondents complete the inventory by circling the appropriate answer on the 1-to-5 rating scale(l = no strength, not noticeable; 5= major strength, extremely noticeable;), summing and dividing scores. The collected data were analyzed by using t and F test. On the basis of above, 'Time management'('I easily overcommit myself,' 'I become impatient if others do things too slowly,' 'I feel uncomfortable wasting time.') and 'work-related stressors'('There is little time to prepare for my lessons/responsibilities,' 'my class is too big') were more stress level than other sources of stress.

서울시내 직장인이 스트레스와 식생활관리

김종군,김정미,최미경 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary attitude and health on the stress status of office - workers in Seoul. This research was conducted on 389 office workers (224 males and 165 female). In relation to stress, it was found that the degree of stress as an office workers was 'slight' and much for 45.2% and 40.6%, respectively, of the study population. Consequently, most office workers were found to be under stress. The amount of food intake under stress was found to be reduced', unchanged and increased in 38.3, 37.0 and 24.7%, respectively, of those surveyed. The preferred foods when under stress were found to be alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, in 57.6% of cases, which was the highest proportion regardless of age, sex, marital status, occupation and educational level. The desired taste when under stress was found to be 'hot' and sweet in 34.7 and 26.0%, respectively. As to the feeling after food intake, 51.7% responded that food intake was not useful for the relief of stress, which was the highest proportion and many salaried females worried about weight gain. With regard to the relationship between stress, health and nutrition, 69.9% of office workers responded that they thought the relationship of these factors was very high. As for the greatest cause triggering stress, 50.3% responded "due to workplace and job". The best method for relieving stress was to do exercise, with a 30.1% response. The average score for the degree of stress and tension was 7.2, with 64.0% of office workers having an average level between 6 and 9. The degree of stress was higher for females than males, for unmarried salaries and hot-tempered persons. Those not doing exercise were subject to the highest levels of stress, and those a having sufficient sleep were found to be subject to less stress. Those interested in their health were found to have a good condition and lower levels of stress. In correlation with eating habits, stress, the degree of tension and personality, the F-value was found to be 43.505 (p<0.01), with an explanatory power of 0.294 (29.4%), indicating significant differences. This means that office workers with higher degrees of stress and tension tended to have poorer eating habits. Since bad eating habits have an adverse effect on both the state of physical health and individuals emotional development, for the purpose of correctly managing stress, office workers should make efforts to practice good eating habits.

전남지역 고등학생의 스트레스 수준에 따른 간식 섭취 행태 연구

박혜숙,정난희 한국가정과교육학회 2018 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 전남지역 고등학생을 대상으로 스트레스 인식, 식습관 및 생활습관 특성, 간식 섭취 행태를 조사하고, 스트레스 수준에 따른 식습관 및 생활습관 특성, 간식 섭취 행태의 특성을 분석하여 청소년의 식생활 교육에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 순천시, 광양시, 고흥군에 거주하는 고등학교 1, 2, 3학년을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였고, 자료 분석은 SPSS 통계 프로그램을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학생의 스트레스 인식은 남학생이 2.92점, 여학생이 3.07점으로 여학생이 남학생보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<.01). 요인별 스트레스 인식은 학교 스트레스(p<.001), 가족 스트레스(p<.05)에서 성별에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났는데, 여학생이 남학생보다 스트레스가 높았다. 둘째, 고등학생의 식습관 및 생활습관 특성은 한끼 식사 시간 (p<.001), 식사량(p<.05), 식습관 경향(p<.001), 음식의 간(p<.05), 일주일 운동 횟수(p<.001), 1일 운동 시간(p<.001)에서 남학생과 여학생이 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 한끼 식사 시간은 남학생이 여학생보다 더 짧았고, 식사의 양은 여학생이 남학생보다 적당하였다. 식습관 경향은 남학생은 규칙적으로 섭취하였고, 여학생은 자극적인 음식을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 음식의 간은 남학생이 약간 싱겁게 먹고 여학생은 보통으로 나타났다. 일주일 운동 횟수는 남학생이 여학생보다 많았고, 여학생이 남학생보다 운동을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 1일 운동 시간은 남학생이 여학생보다 많았다. 셋째, 고등학생의 간식 섭취 행태 특성은 하루 간식비(p<.01), 간식 먹는 시간(p<.01), 즐기는 간식(p<.001)에서 남학생과 여학생 간에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 하루 간식비는 4,000원 미만이 남학생보다 여학생이 높게 나타났고, 간식 먹는 시간은 남학생은 불규칙적으로가 높게 나타났으며, 여학생은 점심 후 저녁 전이 높게 나타났다. 즐기는 간식은 남학생과 여학생 모두 과자류, 사탕류, 초콜릿류가 가장 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 고등학생의 스트레스 수준에 따른 식습관 및 생활습관 특성은 하루 식사 횟수 (p<.05), 식습관 경향(p<.01), 음식의 간(p<.05)이 스트레스 수준에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 하루 식사 횟수는 ‘고 스트레스’ 그룹과 ‘저 스트레스’ 그룹에서 4회 이상 식사하는 비율이 높게 나타났고, 식습관 경향은 ‘고 스트레스’ 그룹에서 규칙적인 섭취의 비율이 낮게 나타났다. 음식의 간 선호도는 스트레스가 상인 그룹에서 매우 짜게 먹는 비율이 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 고등학생의 스트레스 수준에 따른 간식 섭취 행태 특성은 하루 간식 섭취 횟수 (p<.05), 좋아하는 간식의 맛(p<.05)에서 스트레스 수준에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 하루 간식 섭취 횟수는 스트레스가 높은 그룹과 스트레스가 낮은 그룹에서 4회 이상 비율이 높게 나타났고, 좋아하는 간식의 맛은 스트레스가 높은 그룹과 스트레스가 낮은 그룹에서 매운맛이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 스트레스 수준이 자극적인 음식 선호, 짜게 먹는 습관, 단맛을 선호하는 등의 간식 섭취에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 청소년 시기에 이러한 스트레스 상황이 장기간 지속될 경우에는 식생활에 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 스트레스를 겪는 환경에서 바람직하고 균형잡힌 식생활을 할 수 있도록 고등학생의 건전한 식생활 문화 정착을 유도하는 지도가 필요... The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress perception, dietary habits, lifestyle and snack intake behaviors of students to help dietary education of high school students in Jeonnam area. The data were collected from high school students in Jeonnam area and 503 questionnaires were used for analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the mean scores of high school students' perception of stress were 2.92 points for male students and 3.07 points for female students, and female students were statistically significantly higher than male students(p<.01). Stress perceptions showed significant differences in school stress(p<.001) and family stress(p<.05) according to gender, and female students gained more stressed than male students. Second, the dietary habits and lifestyle characteristics of high school students by gender showed significant difference between male students and female students at the one meal time(p<.001), the amount of meal(p<.05), the tendency of eating habits(p<.001), the salty taste of food(p<.05), the exercise frequency per week(p<.001) and the exercise time per day(p<.001), respectively. One meal time was shorter for male students than for female students, and the amount of meals was more suitable amount for female students than male students. Also, male students ate more regularly than female students and female students preferred more stimulating foods than male students. Male students ate slightly bland salty taste, and female students ate standard salty taste. The exercise frequency per week and the exercise time per day were more in male students than in female students. Third, the snack intake characteristics of high school students by gender showed significantly different between male students and female students at the cost of snack per day(p<.01), the time to eat snacks(p<.01) and the favorite snacks(p<.001), respectively. The cost of snack per day was higher for female students than for male students in case of less than 4,000 won. The time for eating snack showed that ‘Irregularly’ was high for male students and ‘In the evening after lunch’ was high for female students. The favorite snacks were cookies, candies and chocolates for male and female students. Forth, the dietary habits and lifestyle characteristics of high school students by stress level showed significantly different at the frequency of daily meals(p<.05), the tendency of eating habits(p<.01) and the salty taste of food(p<.05), respectively. The frequency of daily meals was more than four times in case of the 'High stress’ and ‘Low stress’ groups. The tendency of eating habit was low in regular meal rate in ‘High stress’ group. Fifth, the snack intake characteristics of high school students by stress level showed significantly different in the frequency of snacks per day(p<.05) and the favorite taste of snacks(p<.05). In case of the frequency of daily snack intake, ‘More than 4 times’ was highest in ‘High stress’ group and ‘Low stress’ group. The favorite taste of snacks showed that the spicy taste was highest in the ‘High stress’ group and the ‘Low stress’ group.