아동기 사회경제적 위기요인과 노년기 우울

전혜정(Hey Jung Jun),김명용(Myoung Yong Kim) 한국노년학회 2013 한국노년학 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구에서는 다섯 가지 아동기 사회경제적 위기요인에 따라 구분되는 하위집단(잠재계층)의 수와 그 형태를 알아보고, 잠재계층과 현재의 사회경제적 지위 변인 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 나아가 생애과정 관점에 기초하여 아동기 사회경제적 위기요인에 따른 잠재계층과 노년기 우울 사이의 관계를 살펴보고, 현재의 사회경제적 지위 변인을 통제한 후 아동기 사회경제적 위기요인에 따른 잠재계층이 노년기 우울에 미치는 독립적 영향을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 한국복지패널 1차 조사에서 5차 조사까지에 해당하는 2006년부터 2010년까지의 자료에서 만 65세 이상의 남녀를 대상으로 하였다. 자료의 분석을 위해 인간 중심적 접근법(person-centered approaches)의 하나인 잠재계층분석(latent class analysis)을 적용하여 아동기 사회경제적 위기요인에 따라 구분되는 잠재계층을 추출하고, 중다회귀분석방법을 이용하여 잠재계층과 노년기 우울과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 세 개의 잠재계층이 도출되었고, 그 형태에 따라 다중위기 집단, 낮은 사회적 지위 집단, 저위기 집단으로 명명하였다. 아동기에 어떤 잠재계층에 속하느냐는 현재의 사회경제적 지위 변인 및 노년기 우울과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 다중위기 집단과 다른 두 집단들 간의 노년기 우울에 있어서의 차이는 현재의 사회경제적 지위 변인을 통제한 후에도 유의하게 남아 있었다. 아동기 사회경제적 위기요인이 노년기 우울에 미치는 영향에 관한 이 연구는 건강한 노후를 위한 장기적이고 전생애적인 정책적 개입의 필요성을 부각시킴으로써 노년기 정신건강 증진을 위한 새로운 방안을 모색하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Guided by a life-course perspective, this study investigated the associations between childhood socioeconomic risk factors and depression in old age by identifying subgroups among older adults according to socioeconomic risk factors in childhood. This study used the nationally longitudinal survey data (2006 to 2010) from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS). The sample included 3,779 older adults aged 65 or over. A latent class analysis, one of the person-centered approaches, was adopted to identify latent classes according to childhood socioeconomic risk factors. Then, a multiple regression model was used to analyze the association between the latent classes and depression in old age. This study found three groups of latent classes, which were named as the multiple risk group, the low SES group, and the low risk group. The latent classes by childhood socioeconomic risk factors were associated with current SES variables and depression in old age. Furthermore, the differences between the multiple risk group and the other two groups were still significant with current SES variables controlled. Our findings suggest that childhood socioeconomic risk factors maintain a connection with and have a predictive role in the depression of older adults. The practical implications of these findings were discussed. The strong association between childhood socioeconomic risk factors and depression in old age highlights the importance of early life circumstances on elderly health. Early stage recognition, prevention and supportive measures against childhood socioeconomic disadvantages should be promoted in order to prevent elderly depression and further diminish socioeconomic inequality in health in old age.

노인의 장애 및 주관적 건강의 남녀차이와 사회경제적 요인의 영향

전경숙,장숙랑,이선자,Jeon, Gyeong-Suk,Jang, Soong-Nang,Rhee, Seon-Ja 대한예방의학회 2009 예방의학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Objectives : Research on the gender differences of health among older Korean people has been limited compared with the research for other stages of life. This study first examined the patterns and magnitude of the gender differences of health in later life. Second, we examined the gender differences in the health of older men and women that were attributable to differing socioeconomic conditions. Methods : Using the nationally representative 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the gender differences in disability and subjective poor health were assessed by calculating the age adjusted and gender-specific prevalence. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess if the differences between the men and women for health could be explained by differential exposure to socioeconomic factors and/or the differential vulnerability of men and women to these socioeconomic factors. Results : Our results indicated that older women were more likely than the men to report disability and poor subjective health. The health disadvantage of older women was diminished by differential experiences with socioeconomic factors, and especially education. The differences shrink as much as 43.7% in the case of disability and 35.4% in the case of poor subjective health by the differential exposure to educational attainment. Any differential vulnerability to socioeconomic factors was not found between the men and women, which means that socioeconomic factors may have similar effect on health in both genders. Conclusions : Differential socioeconomic experience and exposure between the men and women might cause gender difference in health in old age Koreans.

Factors Associated With Subjective Life Expectancy: Comparison With Actuarial Life Expectancy

Bae, Jaekyoung,Kim, Yeon-Yong,Lee, Jin-Seok The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.4

Objectives: Subjective life expectancy (SLE) has been found to show a significant association with mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the major factors affecting SLE. We also examined whether any differences existed between SLE and actuarial life expectancy (LE) in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1000 individuals in Korea aged 20-59 was conducted. Participants were asked about SLE via a self-reported questionnaire. LE from the National Health Insurance database in Korea was used to evaluate differences between SLE and actuarial LE. Age-adjusted least-squares means, correlations, and regression analyses were used to test the relationship of SLE with four categories of predictors: demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Results: Among the 1000 participants, women (mean SLE, 83.43 years; 95% confidence interval, 82.41 to 84.46 years; 48% of the total sample) had an expected LE 1.59 years longer than that of men. The socioeconomic factors of household income and housing arrangements were related to SLE. Among the health behaviors, smoking status, alcohol status, and physical activity were associated with SLE. Among the psychosocial factors, stress, self-rated health, and social connectedness were related to SLE. SLE had a positive correlation with actuarial estimates (r=0.61, p<0.001). Gender, household income, history of smoking, and distress were related to the presence of a gap between SLE and actuarial LE. Conclusions: Demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors showed significant associations with SLE, in the expected directions. Further studies are needed to determine the reasons for these results.

한국인의 사회경제적 불평등에 따른 주관적 건강수준의 차이와 건강행태 기여요인 분석

김민경,정우진,임승지,윤수진,이자경,김은경,고난주,Kim, Min-Kyung,Chung, Woo-Jin,Lim, Seung-Ji,Yoon, Soo-Jin,Lee, Ja-Kyoung,Kim, Eun-Kyung,Ko, Lan-Ju 대한예방의학회 2010 예방의학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Objectives: The study is investigated socioeconomic variations in self-rated health status and contribution of health behavioral factors in Korea. Methods: A nationally representative sample (2,800 men and 3,230 women aged 20-64 years) from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Surveys was analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Self-rated health was lower among lower socioeconomic groups compared with higher socioeconomic groups, with gender being irrelevant. This association was attenuated when health behavioral and socio-demographic factors were adjusted. When each health behavioral factor was considered separately, mediators such as smoking in men, and stress or exercise in women explained a large part of the decreased socioeconomic health inequalities. Conclusions: In Korea, subjective health inequalities arise from different socioeconomic status, but this difference is decreased by health behavioral factors. Therefore, socioeconomic inequity in self-rated health status can be corrected more effectively by promotional health behaviors.

Factors Associated With Subjective Life Expectancy: Comparison With Actuarial Life Expectancy

배재경,김연용,이진석 대한예방의학회 2017 예방의학회지 Vol.50 No.4

Objectives: Subjective life expectancy (SLE) has been found to show a significant association with mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the major factors affecting SLE. We also examined whether any differences existed between SLE and actuarial life expectancy (LE) in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1000 individuals in Korea aged 20-59 was conducted. Participants were asked about SLE via a self-reported questionnaire. LE from the National Health Insurance database in Korea was used to evaluate differences between SLE and actuarial LE. Age-adjusted least-squares means, correlations, and regression analyses were used to test the relationship of SLE with four categories of predictors: demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Results: Among the 1000 participants, women (mean SLE, 83.43 years; 95% confidence interval, 82.41 to 84.46 years; 48% of the total sample) had an expected LE 1.59 years longer than that of men. The socioeconomic factors of household income and housing arrangements were related to SLE. Among the health behaviors, smoking status, alcohol status, and physical activity were associated with SLE. Among the psychosocial factors, stress, self-rated health, and social connectedness were related to SLE. SLE had a positive correlation with actuarial estimates (r=0.61, p<0.001). Gender, household income, history of smoking, and distress were related to the presence of a gap between SLE and actuarial LE. Conclusions: Demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors showed significant associations with SLE, in the expected directions. Further studies are needed to determine the reasons for these results.

Gender difference in socioeconomic factors affecting suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among community-dwelling elderly: based on the Korea Community Health Survey

Jin-Young Jeong 한국역학회 2020 Epidemiology and Health Vol.42 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to explore socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among the local community’s resident elderly. METHODS: The subjects included 129,277 participants aged 65 years or above of the Korea Community Health Survey conducted in 2013 and 2017. Based on the questions for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, the subjects were divided into a no suicidal ideation group (n=111,344), a suicidal ideation group (n=17,487), and a suicidal attempt group (n=446). All analyses were stratified by gender, and a complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze associated factors. SAS version 9.4 was used for all analyses with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Common factors associated with suicidal ideation in both genders included marital status, frequency of contact with friends, social activity, and average monthly household income. Economic activity was demonstrated as relevant only to the elderly men subjects. According to the analysis, factors associated with suicidal attempts were the recipients of the National Basic Living Security Act for the elderly men compared to age, frequency of contact with family, frequency of contact with friends, and average monthly household income for the elderly women. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that socioeconomic factors leading to suicidal ideation were similar in the elderly of both genders, while a difference was demonstrated for factors associated with suicidal attempts between the elderly of both genders. It is expected that the results of this study may be used as the basis for screening the local community’s elderly with a high suicidal risk, and in the development of suicide prevention services.

장애인의 흡연에 영향을 미치는 요인

이홍직 서강대학교 생명문화연구소 2019 생명연구 Vol.54 No.-

This study aims to examine the factors influencing the smoking of the disabled through their demographic-socioeconomic factors, disability-related factors, and mental health factors. For this purpose, the 2016 Disability Employment Panel Survey provided by the Korea Employment Development Institute for the Disabled was used for analysis. According to the logistic regression analysis, in demographic- socioeconomic factors, smoking rates were higher in men and in employment, and higher in older age. In disability-related factors, if the disability is mild, the lower the dependency on others in everyday life, the more smoking. In mental health factors, the lower the stress awareness, the happier, and the higher the life satisfaction, the less they smoked. Based on these results, this study suggests ways to reduce the smoking rate of the disabled. 본 연구는 장애인의 흡연에 영향을 미치는 요인을 인구사회경제학적 요인, 장애관련 요인, 정신건강 요인을 통해 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 2016년 장애인고용패널조사에서 수집한 4,577명의 등록장애인 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과에 따라 정리하면, 인구사회경제학적 요인에 있어서는 남성일 경우, 연령이 높을수록, 취업을 한 경우에, 장애관련 요인에 있어서는 장애정도가 경증인 경우, 일상생활에서 타인의존도가 낮을수록, 정신건강 요인에 있어서는 스트레스 인지도가 높을수록, 주관적 행복감이 낮을수록, 일상생활 만족도가 낮을수록 흡연하는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 기초로 장애인의 흡연 감소를 위한 제언을 전달하였다.

응급실 다빈도 방문과 사회경제적 요인 분석

신요한,정상우,김보균 사단법인 한국응급구조학회 2022 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Purpose: To analyze the frequency of emergency room visits according to socioeconomic factors of emergency room visitors. Methods: In this study, frequency analysis, percentage analysis, and x2 test were performed using the SPSS 23.0 program based on the 2018 data from the Korea Health Panel. Results: Among 1,648 participants included in this study, 1,279 visited the emergency room only once in the past year, while 369 visited the emergency room more than once. The relationship between frequency of emergency room visits and socioeconomic factors was analyzed using x2 test, and no statistically significant relationship was noted between emergency room visits and education, economic activity, insurance type, and individual quartile income. However, a significant relationship was noted between emergency room visits and being handicap and living in households with quintile income. Conclusion: The study determined the relationship between frequency of emergency room visits and socioeconomic factors. A follow-up study analyzing socioeconomic factors of outpatient departments, 119 ambulance transport services, and frequency of emergency room visits among chronically ill patients is needed to provide basic data for establishing health policies among different socioeconomic strata.

후기노인의 정서적, 신체적, 사회경제적 요인과 자살생각과의 비교융합연구: 2017년도 노인실태조사 자료를 활용하여

김영란,박창수,남호진 한국융합학회 2019 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.10 No.7

This study examined the effect of emotional factors, physical factors and socioeconomic factors on suicidal ideation of 75 or older seniors and sought to identify what kinds of factors should be satisfied to prevent their suicide. Using "2017 National Survey of the Elderly ", the study conducted survey among 75 or older 3,023 males and 1,295 females. It used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the factors affecting suicidal ideation. As a result, the study found that ties with their offspring, the number of chronic diseases, being abused or not, depression and living with or without espouse had significant effects on their suicidal ideation and abuse was the largest factor. Therefore, in order to reduce suicide rate of 75 or older seniors, more active attention should be rendered to their physical, socioeconomic and emotional health problems, and measures to reduce elderly abuse should be sought. In particular, institutional improvement and revitalization of elderly counseling institutions are needed to reduce elder abuse 본 연구에서는 75세 이상 후기 노인의 정서적 요인, 신체적 요인, 사회경제적 요인과 자살생각과의 관련성을 살펴보고, 나아가 후기노인의 자살 예방을 위해서 어떠한 요인이 충족되어야 하는가에 대해 파악하고자 하였다. “2017년 노인실태조사” 자료를 사용하여 75세 이상 남성 3,023명, 여성 1,295명을 대상으로 하였다. 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석를 사용하였다. 연구결과 자녀와의 유대관계, 만성질병의 수, 학대여부, 우울증, 배우자 유무가 유의하게 영향을 주었으며, 학대여부가 가장 위험도가 높았다. 따라서 후기 노인의 자살률을 감소시키기 위해서는 노인의 신체적, 사회경제적, 정서적 건강문제의 융합연구가 필요하며, 특히 노인 학대를 감소를 위한 제도적 개선 및 노인상담기관의 활성화가 필요하다.

Socioeconomic Factors and Development Impact Fees

이정호 한국공공관리학회 2018 한국공공관리학보 Vol.32 No.3

This article aims to empirically examine what factors lead local governments to use development impact fees (DIFs). For this, the author uses Colorado counties as this study’s units of analysis because Colorado’s Development Impact Fee Act allows local governments to autonomously choose and implement development impact fees according to local governments’ situations. This means that local governments in Colorado are not directly controlled by state governments in using DIFs. Therefore, a broad variation in the use of DIFs appears among Colorado counties. Namely, some counties more actively use DIFs while the rest of counties do not. Using a statistical tool, the author analyzes this social phenomenon by testing six hypotheses, which are relevant to socioeconomic factors and demographic factors. The final results prove that counties with more residents having high income and high education level more actively use DIFs.