운동영양학 : 철분 투여가 여자 검도 수련생의 혈중 철분 지표와 지질 및 항산화능에 미치는 영향

김종호(JongHoKim) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.6

Elevated iron stores may or may not promote atherogenesis by increasing free radical formation and oxidative stress, but studies about effects of iron supplementation on serum lipid profile and antioxidant capacity are lacking. We investigated changes in iron status, serum lipid profile and antioxidant capacity of Kumdo trainees after iron supplementation for 6 weeks. Twenty iron-depleted (serum ferritin < 20 g/L), nonanemic (hemoglobin > 11 g/dL) women who had participated in Kumdo received iron (iron group) or placebo (placebo group) for 6 wk in a randomized, double-blind trial (n = 10 per group). No significant differences between the groups in baseline iron status, nutrition status and physical activities were observed. After treatment, serum iron and transferrin saturation increased significantly in the iron group (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Serum transferrin receptor concentrations increased significantly in the placebo group (P < .05) but not in the iron group. No significant differences between the groups in lipid profiles, except for Serum HDL-C level which decreased significantly in the iron group (P < .05) were observed. TBARS decreased significantly in the iron group (P < .05)

Effects of Iron from an Amino Acid Complex on the Iron Status of Neonatal and Suckling Piglets

Wei, K.Q.,Xu, Z.R.,Luo, X.G.,Zeng, L.L.,Chen, W.R.,Timothy, M.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of iron from an amino acid complex (Availa-$Fe^{\circledR}$) on the iron status of neonatal and suckling piglets. A total of 24 gestating sows (Landrace${\times}$Large White) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments. The control diet contained 80 mg $kg^{-1}$ Fe from ferrous sulfate heptahydrate ($FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$), while the two experimental diets were supplemented with an additional 120 mg $kg^{-1}$ Fe from Availa-$Fe^{(R)}$ or $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$, respectively. The lactating sows remained the same iron treatments as gestating sows, while neonatal piglets of 24 litters born from the above sows were allotted to another three treatments. Piglets from the sows of the control treatment were fed basal diet with no supplemental Fe as control treatment, but were injected with 100 mg Fe as Fe dextran at birth. Piglets from the sows of Availa-$Fe^{(R)}$ or $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$ treatments were supplemented with 120 mg $kg^{-1}$ iron from Availa-$Fe^{(R)}$ or $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$, respectively. The total born alive and weaned, and the average piglets weight at birth and at weaning were not significantly affected by the sow' dietary treatments (p>0.05). Iron from Availa-$Fe^{(R)}$ did not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and plasma iron of sows on day 90 and 105 of pregnancy and the milk iron of sows during lactation (p>0.05). Neonatal piglets in the Availa-$Fe^{(R)}$ treatment had a significantly higher hemoglobin concentration (p<0.05) and higher hematocrit and plasma iron (p>0.05) than those in the other two treatments, respectively. The hemoglobin of suckling piglets in the Availa-$Fe^{(R)}$ treatment was higher than that of piglets in $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$ treatment on day 28 (p<0.05). The total iron binding capacity of piglets in Availa-$Fe^{(R)}$ treatment was lower than that of piglets in the control and $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$ treatment on day 14 (p<0.05), but there was not a statistically significant difference among three treatments on day 28 (p>0.05). However, the hemoglobin and hematocrit of suckling piglets injected with Fe were higher than those of piglets in the other two treatments (p<0.05). This study indicated that the addition of 120 mg $kg^{-1}$ iron from amino acid complex into the diets improved iron status of neonatal and nursing piglets more effectively than the addition of 120 mg $kg^{-1}$ iron from $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$, however, this improvement of the organic Fe was not sufficient to replace the Fe injection for prevention of iron-deficiency anemia.

Effects of Waterborne Iron on Serum Iron Concentration and Iron Binding Capacity of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Jee, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Seong-Gil,Kang, Ju-Chan 한국수산학회 2004 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.7 No.1

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was exposed to waterborne iron (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) for 50 days. The effects of iron on blood iron status and iron binding capacity were studied. The serum iron concentration was significantly higher than in the group exposed to iron (1, 5 and 10 mg/L) in comparison to the control after 30 days of exposure to iron. A significant decrease in unsaturated iron binding capacity was found between the control and the group exposed to iron (5 and 10 mg/L, respectively) at 40 and 50 days, respectively. The total iron binding capacity of serum in the fish exposed to iron concentrations ( 5 and 10 mg/L) showed a significant decrease compared to that of the control at 40 days after iron exposure. Serum iron saturation values increased in the flounder exposed to iron concentration ( 5 and 10 mg/L) at 50 days. Our data suggest that sub-lethal exposure of waterborne iron alters the blood iron concentration and iron binding capacity, and these parameters seems to be valuable factors for screening and diagnosis of iron overload syndromes in fish.

임산부의 철분 섭취량과 흡수율 및 관련된 영양지식에 관한 연구

김은경,이규희 대한지역사회영양학회 1998 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study was designed to estimate mean daily iron intake and its bioavailabi- lity and to assess nutrition knowledge for 144 pregnant women in the last trimester. Serum ferritin concentration was analyzed to estimate their iron stores. Dietary intakes of iron(heme iron and nonheme iron), the amounts of MPF(meat, poultry and fish) and ascorbic acid were assessed by modified 24-hr recall method. The food frequency questionnaire was used to assess subjects usual food consumption patterns. The mean value of serum ferritin was $21.3\pm{15.2ng/ml}$ and 26.4% of the pregnant women had a serum ferritin level <12ng/ml(i.e. depleted iron stores). The mean daily intake of total orin in the pregnant women was 56.5%(17.0mg) of RDA and heme iron intake was 0.94mg which was 5.5% of total iron intake. Total absorbable iron calculated by the method of Monsen was 2.41mg and bioavailability of dietary iron was 2.41%. Food frequency test score of meats group was positively correlated(r=0.443) with the bioaavailability of dietary iron. The mean score on the nutrition knowledge test of subjects was 12.76(out of a possible 20 points). These results indicate that the nutritional iron status may be improved by increasing either the amount of iron in the diet or its availability.

Recovery of Iron Reactivity for Removal of Cr(Ⅵ) Using Iron-Reducing Consortium

Taeyoon Lee,Jae-Woo Park 대한토목학회 2006 KSCE journal of civil engineering Vol.10 No.3

Iron particles, oxidized by Cr(Ⅵ), were not effective for additional Cr(Ⅵ) removal, but the removal rates of Cr(Ⅵ) dramatically increased when iron-reducing consortium were added to the oxidized iron. The elevated removal rate was even greater than that for iron particles. Addition of iron-reducing consortium to the oxidized iron generated ferrous ions, indicating recovery in the reactivity of iron particles as the ferrous ions could reduce additional hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, which is less toxic and immobile compared to hexavalent chromium. The iron-reducing consortium itself could also remove hexavalent chromium via reduction reaction as modest amount of Bacillus sp., which are known hexavalent chromium-reducing bacteria, were found. Combined effects of bacillus sp. and ferrous ions accelerated the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ). Waste leaves were used as alternative substrate in this research and they supported the activity of iron-reducing consortium in the presence of the oxidized iron. Although the activity of iron-reducing consortium supported by waste leaves was lower (approximately one order of magnitude) than that supported by nutrients, the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) was sufficiently high indicating waste leaves could be used as a nutrient source for iron-reducing consortium.

Clinical Study on the Iron Absorption from Heme-Iron Polypeptide and Nonheme-Iron

Tae-Sik Nam,Ji Yeon Shim,Byung-Ju Kim,So Young Rah,Kwang-Hyun Park,Seon-Young Kim,Eun-Gyeong Mun,Young-Ju Jeong,Myung-Kwan Han,Youn-Soo Cha,Soo-Wan Chae,Mie-Jae Im,Uh-Hyun Kim 한국영양학회 2006 Nutritional Sciences Vol.9 No.4

Iron bound to heme appears to be more bioavailable than iron salts. A clinical study was performed to investigate the absorption efficiency of heme-iron and iron-salt products available. Heme-iron and nonheme-iron supplements have become available in Korea. We performed iron absorption studies to compare the absorption of heme-iron polypeptide (HIP) products made from digested hemoglobin, produced in Korea (HIPk) and imported from Japan (HIj), with that of iron salts. In the study, 80 subjects were divided into 5 groups (n=56): placebo group; 12 ㎎ glucose, HIPk group; 12 ㎎ iron as HIPk, HIj group; 12 ㎎ iron as HIj, iron-salt group 1; 12 ㎎ of iron as ferrous aminoacetate, and iron-salt group 2; 100 ㎎ iron as ferrous aminoacetate. Changes in serum iron levels were measured at 3 and 5 hours post ingestion. Absorption of iron in HIPk was higher compared to HIj, iron-salt or placebo. There was a significant inverse correlation between low serum iron levels (<80 ㎍/㎗) and iron absorption from HIPk. These results demonstrated that HIPk was more bioavailable, even taken with a meal, and would have potential advantages over iron salt or Hlj as an iron supplement Our results indicate that heme-iron absorption is regulated by iron status through a heme receptor, whereas iron-salt absorption is unregulated.

Effect of Iron-nanoparticles and Iron-microparticles on Erythropoiesis and Iron-storage in Iron-deficiency Anemic Mice

YOUNG-MI KIM,Ki-ho Lee,Dang Young Kim,Bong Su Kang,Ja Seon Yoon,Yoon-Bok Lee,정재황,남상윤,윤영원,김종수,이범준 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.2

Iron is an essential trace element for normal body’s functions. The restriction of iron availability directly limits erythropoiesis. The objective of this experiment was to compare the bioavailability of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) with iron-microparticles (Fe-MPs) in anemic mice. There were four experimental groups including normal control group, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) group, Fe-NPs group, and Fe-MPs group. Animals in normal group fed on an adequate iron-containing diet (45 ppm Fe). Meanwhile, the animals in the other three groups fed on a low Fe diet (4.5 ppm Fe) for 7 weeks. Double deionized water was supplied as drinking water ad libitum. After feeding for 3 weeks with the low Fe diet, the animals in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were orally treated with Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs at the daily dose of 40 mg/kg for 4 weeks. IDA group showed a markedly decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) values compared with normal group throughout experimental periods. Treatments of Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs for 4 weeks restored the decreased RBC count and hematological values similar to normal values. Fe-NPs group showed the faster restoration in the values than Fe-MPs as time passes. The iron contents of the upper small intestine in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were higher than normal group at weeks 2 and 4. Hepatic iron contents and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased by Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs treatments compared with IDA group as time increase. The iron contents in liver and ferritin deposits in spleen were identified in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups similarly to normal group. These results indicate that oral administration of both Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs can recover anemia and Fe-NPs is more absorbable and available in the body than Fe-MPs.

Effects of Waterborne Iron on Serum Iron Concentration and Iron Binding Capacity of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

지정훈,강주찬,김성길 한국수산과학회 2004 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.7 No.1

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was exposed to waterborne iron (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10mg/L) for 50days. The effects of iron on blood iron status and iron binding capacity were studied. The serum iron concentration was significantly higher than in the group exposed to iron (1, 5 and 10mg/L) in comparison to the control after 30days of exposure to iron. A significant decrease in unsaturated iron binding capacity was found between the control and the group exposed to iron (5 and 10mg/L, respectively) at 40 and 50days, respectively. The total iron binding capacity of serum in the fish exposed to iron concentrations (5 and 10mg/L) showed a significant decrease compared to that of the control at 40days after iron exposure. Serum iron saturation values increased in the flounder exposed to iron concentration (5 and 10mg/L) at 50days. Our data suggest that sub-lethal exposure of waterborne iron alters the blood iron concentration and iron binding capacity, and these parameters seems to be valuable factors for screening and diagnosis of iron overload syndromes in fish.

Clinical Study on the Iron Absorption from Heme-Iron Polypeptide and Nonheme-Iron

Nam, Tae-Sik,Shim, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Byung-Ju,Rah, So-Young,Park, Kwang-Hyun,Kim, Seon-Young,Mun, Eun-Gyeng,Jeong, Young-Ju,Han, Myung-Kwan,Cha, Youn-Soo,Chae, Soo-Wan,Im, Mie-Jae,Kim, Uh-Hyun The Korean Nutrition Society 2006 Nutritional Sciences Vol.9 No.4

Iron bound to heme appears to be more bioavailable than iron salts. A clinical study was performed to investigate the absorption efficiency of heme-iron and iron-salt products available. Heme-iron and nonheme-iron supplements have become available in Korea. We performed iron absorption studies to compare the absorption of heme-iron polypeptide (HIP) products made from digested hemoglobin, produced in Korea (HIPk) and imported from Japan (HIj), with that of iron salts. In the study, 80 subjects were divided into 5 groups (n=56): placebo group; 12 mg glucose, HIPk group; 12 mg iron as HIPk, HIj group; 12 mg iron as HIj, iron-salt group 1; 12 mg of iron as ferrous aminoacetate, and iron-salt group 2; 100 mg iron as ferrous aminoacetate. Changes in serum iron levels were measured at 3 and 5 hours post ingestion. Absorption of iron in HIPk was higher compared to HIj, iron-salt or placebo. There was a significant inverse correlation between low serum iron levels $(<80{\mu}g/dl)$ and iron absorption from HIPk. These results demonstrated that HIPk was more bioavailable, even taken with a meal, and would have potential advantages over iron salt or HIj as an iron supplement. Our results indicate that heme-iron absorption is regulated by iron status through a heme receptor, whereas iron-salt absorption is unregulated.

Iron released from reactive microglia by noggin improves myelin repair in the ischemic brain

Shin, Jin A.,Kim, Yul A.,Kim, Hye Won,Kim, Hee-Sun,Lee, Kyung-Eun,Kang, Jihee Lee,Park, Eun-Mi Elsevier 2018 NEUROPHARMACOLOGY - Vol.133 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We previously reported that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, noggin, improved the repair process with an increase in the reactive microglia/macrophage population in the ischemic brain. Since BMP plays a role in intracellular iron homeostasis via the hepcidin/ferroportin axis, and iron is required for myelination, this study was aimed to determine whether noggin affected iron status and remyelination in the brain following ischemic stroke. We further examined the effect of blocking the BMP/hepcidin pathway on reactive microglia (BV2) and myelination of oligodendroglial cells (MO3.13) to define the link between microglial iron status and myelin formation. Following the noggin infusion into the ischemic brain of mice, the induction of hepcidin and ferritin protein levels decreased, and the number of myelinated axons and myelin thickness increased at 8 weeks after ischemic stroke. Noggin repressed the increase in hepcidin and ferritin levels in BV2 exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and oxygen/glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R). When MO3.13 were exposed to the conditioned media from noggin-treated BV2 (noggin CM) during reperfusion, OGD/R-induced MO3.13 cell death was reduced. Under normal conditions, noggin CM induced myelin production with an increase in ferritin levels in MO3.13, which was reversed by the iron chelator, deferoxamine. These results indicated that noggin altered the iron status in reactive microglia from the iron-storing to the iron-releasing phenotype, which contributed to myelin synthesis by providing iron. We suggest that the BMP/hepcidin pathway can be a target for the regulation of the iron status in microglia to enhance remyelination in the ischemic brain.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Remyelination was increased in the ischemic brain after noggin infusion. </LI> <LI> The iron level was decreased in microglia/macrophages in the noggin-infused brain. </LI> <LI> Noggin shifted reactive microglia from iron-storing to iron-releasing phenotype. </LI> <LI> Conditioned media from the iron-releasing microglia increased myelin production. </LI> <LI> Deferoxamine in conditioned media reversed the effect on myelin production. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>