쓴메밀(Fagopyrum tataricum)의 지역적 적응성 및 수량성

장광진,박종인,강윤규,박철호,Chang, K.J.,Park, J.I.,Kang, Y.K.,Park, C.H. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2007 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.9 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the regional adaptability of Fagopyrum tataricum in Korea. Suwon, Chunchon, Kangneung, Yonchon and Taean at different experiment sites had soil pH of 6.52, 5.65, 5.7, 5.89 and 5.82, respectively, being at more unfavorable conditions than a recommended soil condition for yam cultivation with pH 5.8~6.7. The amounts of organic matter in Suwon, Chunchon, Taean, and Yonchon were 1.96%, 4.51%, 3.76%, 1.89% and 1.12%, respectively, being at more favorable conditions than a recommended organic matter in soil for yam cultivation with 2.0~3.0%. As the results from cultivating of large plantings in different regions, Suwon showed grain weight in plant of 7.8g. In seed extract analysis, rutin contents were 44.9mg/100g in F. esculentum and 1475.5mg/100g in F. tataricum., respectively.

NA-Seq를 이용한 제주산 메밀의 발아초기 전사체 프로파일 분석

한송이(Song-I Han),정성진(Sung Jin Chung),오대주(Dae-Ju Oh),정용환(Yong-Hwan Jung),김찬식(Chan-Shick Kim),김재훈(Jae-hoon Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구에서는 메밀의 발아초기에 발현되는 전사체의 다양한 정보 수집을 위해 양절메밀과 대관 3-3호의 RNA를 추출하여 전사체 분석을 수행하였다. 제주산 양절메밀과 대관3-3호의 종자 및 발아 후 12, 24, 36시간별로 total RNA를 추출하고, llumina Hiseq 2000 플랫폼을 사용하여 시퀀싱 하였다. SolexaQA package의 DynamicTrim과 LengthsORT 프로그램으로 이용하여 raw 데이터 분석을 실시한 후, 어셈블리(assembly)와 annotation을 수행하였다. RNA-seq raw 데이터로부터 약 84.2%, 81.5%에 해당하는 16.5Gb, 16.2Gb의 transcriptome 데이터를 확보하였다. 47Mb에 해당하는 43,494개의 대표적인 전사체(representative transcripts)를 확보하였고, 그 중에서 annotation DB와 서열 유사도를 갖는 서열은 23,165개로 확인되었다. 메밀의 representative transcripts 유전자의 유전자 온톨로지(gene ontology) 분석결과, biological process는 metabolic process (49.49%)에서, cellular components는 cell (46.12%)에서, molecular function은 catalyltic activity (80.43%)에서 유전자가 많이 분포되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 종자의 발아에 관련된 gibberellin receptor GID1C의 경우에는 양절메밀, 대관 3-3호의 발현양이 모두 시간이 지남에 따라 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, gibberellin 20-oxidase1의 경우에는 양절메밀에서는 발아 후 12 시간이내에 증가되었으나, 대관 3-3호에서는 36시간까지 유전자 발현양 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 제주산 메밀의 발아초기 단계별 전사체 분석 데이터는 종간의 기능적, 형태학적 차이를 일으키는 메커니즘 규명에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다. In this study, transcriptome analysis was conducted to collect various information from Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum during the early germination stage. Total RNA was extracted from the seeds and at 12, 24, and 36 hrs after germination of Jeju native Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum and sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform. Raw data analysis was conducted using the Dynamic Trim and Lengths ORT programs in the SolexaQA package, and assembly and annotation were performed. Based on RNA-seq raw data, we obtained 16.5 Gb and 16.2 Gb of transcriptome data corresponding to about 84.2% and 81.5% of raw data, respectively. De novo assembly and annotation revealed 43,494 representative transcripts corresponding to 47.5Mb. Among them, 23,165 sequences were shown to have similar sequences with annotation DB. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of buckwheat representative transcripts confirmed that the gene is involved in metabolic processes (49.49%) of biological processes, as well as cell function (46.12%) in metabolic process, and catalytic activity (80.43%) in molecular function In the case of gibberellin receptor GID1C, which is related to germination of seeds, the expression levels increased with time after germination in both F. esculentum and F. tataricum. The expression levels of gibberellin 20-oxidase 1 were increased within 12 hrs of gemination in F. esculentum but continuously until 36 hrs in F. tataricum. This buckwheat transcriptome profile analysis of the early germination stage will help to identify the mechanism causing functional and morphological differences between species.

Production of Phenolic Compounds in Hairy Root Culture of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn)

Yong Kyoung Kim,Xiaohua Li,Hui Xu,박남일,Md Romij Uddin,변종영,박상언 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.1

Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn (tartary buckwheat) is an excellent medicinal and nutrient-rich crop. It has a high content of rutin and other phenolic compounds. An experiment was conducted to investigate in vitro production of phenolic compounds from hairy root culture of tartary buckwheat. Hairy root growth was promoted by increasing culture time in MS medium. The highest hairy root growth reached up to 11.2 g/l dry weight at 18 d after placement. Transformation was confirmed by PCR using rol genes, rol A (304 bp), B (797 bp), C (550 bp), and D (1035 bp) genes which is transferred into hairy roots from the Ri-plasmid in Agrobacterium rhizogenes and is responsible for the induction of hairy root from plant species. Rutin, quercetin, (-) epicatechin, (-)catechin hydrate, gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were identified both in hairy and wild type roots of tartary buckwheat. The main compound found in the both types of root was epicatechin followed by rutin. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the hairy roots of tartary buckwheat was several-fold higher compared with wild type roots of same species. Our results indicate that hairy root culture of F. tataricum is a valuable alternative approach for the production of phenolic compounds. Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn (tartary buckwheat) is an excellent medicinal and nutrient-rich crop. It has a high content of rutin and other phenolic compounds. An experiment was conducted to investigate in vitro production of phenolic compounds from hairy root culture of tartary buckwheat. Hairy root growth was promoted by increasing culture time in MS medium. The highest hairy root growth reached up to 11.2 g/l dry weight at 18 d after placement. Transformation was confirmed by PCR using rol genes, rol A (304 bp), B (797 bp), C (550 bp), and D (1035 bp) genes which is transferred into hairy roots from the Ri-plasmid in Agrobacterium rhizogenes and is responsible for the induction of hairy root from plant species. Rutin, quercetin, (-) epicatechin, (-)catechin hydrate, gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were identified both in hairy and wild type roots of tartary buckwheat. The main compound found in the both types of root was epicatechin followed by rutin. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the hairy roots of tartary buckwheat was several-fold higher compared with wild type roots of same species. Our results indicate that hairy root culture of F. tataricum is a valuable alternative approach for the production of phenolic compounds.

쓴메밀 추출물의 미백 개선 효과

한나경 ( Na Kyeong Han ),박창민 ( Chang Min Park ),권주찬 ( Ju Chan Kwon ),정민석 ( Min Seok Joung ),최종완 ( Jong Wan Choi ) 대한화장품학회 2014 대한화장품학회지 Vol.40 No.2

본 연구는 쓴메밀 추출물(FTE)의 미백 효과를 검증하기 위해 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, 타이로시나아제 활성 저해 효과 및 세포내 멜라닌 합성 억제 효과를 측정하였고, 단메밀 추출물(FEE)과 그 효능 비교를 하였다. 그 결과로 쓴메밀 추출물은 단메밀 추출물보다 항산화 효과 및 타이로시나아제 활성 저해, 세포내 멜라닌 합성 억제 효과가 높음을 확인하였다. 또한 인체 적용 실험에서 자외선 조사에 의한 인공 색소 침착을 유발한 후, 쓴메밀 추출물을 함유한 크림을 제조하여 도포하였고, 8주 경과 후 피부 밝기를 측정한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 피부 미백 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들로 쓴메밀 추출물은 미백 개선을 위한 화장품 소재로 이용 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다. This study was performed to DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibition activity and intracellular melanin synthesis inhibition to verify the whitening effect of Fagopyrum tataricum (bitter buckwheat) extract as contrasted with Fagopyrum esculentum (sweet buckwheat) extract. F. tataricum extract in consequence showed higher antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin synthesis inhibition compared with F. esculentum extract. We investigated skin bright value during 8 weeks after induction of pigmentation in human skin from UV irradiation. In result, we obtained statistically a significant skin whitening effect from visual and mechanical evaluation. Accordingly, F. tataricum extract is expected to be high availability as functional cosmetic material for skin whitening.

쓴메밀(Fagopyrum tataricum) 유전자원의 루틴 함량 비교

박병재(Byoung Jae Park),박종인(Jong In Park),장광진(Kwang Jin Chang),박철호(Cheol Ho Park) 한국자원식물학회 2005 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.18 No.2

아시아 지역에서 수집한 야생 쓴메밀의 종자 및 식물체 내의 루틴함량을 조사하였다. 쓴메밀은 종자 및 식물 전체부위에서 숙근메밀이나 단메밀보다 높은 루틴 함량을 나타냈다. 특히, 꽃은 숙근메밀의 2.2배, 단메밀의 9.5배, 줄기는 각각 3.1배와 24.9배, 종자는 3.2와 65배나 높았다. 3종에 대한 식물체 부위별 루틴함량은 모두 꽃>잎>종자>줄기>뿌리의 순으로 높았다. 종피색에 따른 루틴함량은 암회색>검은색>갈색, 회갈색 순의 경향을 나타냈으며, 종자의 형태는 Slender>Notched>Round 순으로 루틴함량이 높았다. 재배종은 야생종에 비해 루틴함량이 잎은 1.3배, 줄기가 1.4배, 종자가 1.2배의 높은 경향을 보였다. 부탄지역 수집품종은 잎, 줄기, 종자의 루틴함량이 다른 지역보다 높은 경향을 보였고, 슬로베니아 및 파키스탄지역 수집품종은 잎, 줄기에서, 인도 및 네팔지역 수집품종은 종자에서 가장 낮은 루틴함량의 경향을 보였다. This study carried out to compared a rutin content in seed and plant of tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum) to collect in the world. Rutin content in seed and plant parts of tartary buckwheat is higher than F. esculentum and F. cymosum. Rutin contents in plant parts of 3 species was higher with order of flower> leaf> seed> stem> root and that of tartary buckwheat was higher about 3.2 times in flower and about 3.1 times in stem and about 65 times in seed of F. esculentum. Compared to rutin contents for seed color and shape of tartary buckwheat 50 lines, seed color was higher with order of dark gray>black>brown and seed shape was higher with order of Slender> Notched> Round. Rutin content in plant parts of cultivated lines was higher than wild lines. Compared to rutin contents in plant parts of tartary buckwheat collected at the different region, Bhutan line had much higher than other lines. Rutin contents were lower than in the leaf and stem of Pakistan line and in the seed of India line.

쓴 메밀에서의 루틴 추출 최적 공정 개발

윤성준,조남지,나석환,김영호,김영모,Yoon, Seong-Jun,Cho, Nam-Ji,Na, Seog-Hwan,Kim, Young-Ho,Kim, Young-Mo 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.5

The rutin content of Fagopyrum tataricum is 100-fold higher than that of Fagopyrum esculentum. For the development of a rutin-containing beverage, a suitable method to extract rutin from buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) with high rutin yield was investigated. A roasting temperature range of $310/240^{\circ}C$ (Ed-confirm that this is indeed a range; otherwise perhaps, 'Roasting temperatures ranging from 310 to $240^{\circ}C$ were considered$\ldots$') was considered to be the best as the basic color reference. Rutin content varied according to the roasting time and heating temperature; i.e., it decreased with increasing roasting time and temperature. (Ed- this sentence is unnecessarily complicated and should be simplified to 'Rutin content decreased with increasing roasting time and heating temperature.') The optimal extraction temperature and processing time were obtained as $80^{\circ}C$ and 10 minutes to maximize the rutin concentration in the extract.

흑메밀 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성

이성규 ( Sung Gyu Lee ),박순영 ( Sun Yeong Park ),황인철 ( In Cheol Hwang ),강현 ( Hyun Kang ) 한국자연치유학회 2016 Journal of Naturopathy Vol.5 No.1

In this study, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory of ethanol extracts from Fagopyrum tataricum were investigated in vitro. Radical-scavenging activities of the ethanol extracts were examined by using α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals assay. Consequently, we confirmed that ethanol extract concentration dependent removed DPPH radical. Also, to confirm anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract, we treat ethanol extract on BV-2 cell with LPS. So, the result showed that ethanol extract concentration dependent inhibited NO production. So, ethanol extract from Fagopyrum tataricum showed inhibition radical oxygen activities and inflammatory and have available for a pharmacological composition on neuritis-protection and treatment.

제주산 흑메밀 첨가에 따른 유화형 닭고기 소시지의 항산화 활성 및 이화학 특성 관찰

현지은,김학연,천지연 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.48 No.2

This study examined the effects of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) powder on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of chicken meat emulsion-type sausage. The Tartary buckwheat was useful for increasing the pH from 6.21 to 6.34, which helped improve the water holding capacity of chicken meat emulsion-type sausage. Moreover, the hardness of the chicken meat emulsion-type sausage increased with increasing amount of Tartary buckwheat. The antioxidant activity of the chicken meat emulsion-type sausage was improved by adding Tartary buckwheat according to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay and ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. In particular, significant difference depending on the amount of Tartary buckwheat was observed in the FRAP assay. The thiobarbituric acid value of all treatments was less than 0.15 MDA mg/kg, which indicates its safety as a meat product. In this study, the application of Tartary buckwheat was effective in improving the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of chicken meat emulsion-type sausage. Nevertheless, an examination of the inhibition of lipid oxidation by the Tartary buckwheat antioxidant activity will be needed to determine the certain storage period. 흑메밀은 단메밀에 비해 식품에 대한 활용도가 거의 없는 실정인데, 본 연구는 흑메밀 특유의 항산화 특성을 알아보기 위해 흑메밀 분말 첨가량에 따른 유화형 닭고기 소시지의 이화학적 품질 특성 및 항산화 효과를 관찰하였다. 흑메밀 분말 첨가 유화형 닭고기 소시지의 pH는 6.21~6.34로 흑메밀 분말의 첨가량 증가에 따라 pH가 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 유화형 닭고기 소시지의 보수력을 향상시키는 데 영향을 주었다. 또한 흑메밀 분말의 첨가는 경도를 증가시켜 소시지의 조직감에 변화를 주었다. 흑메밀 분말을 첨가했을 때 유화형 닭고기 소시지의 항산화능을 관찰한 결과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 분석에서는 첨가량에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았지만 10 ppm ascorbic acid와 비교할만한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타냈고, FRAP assay에서는 흑메밀 분말 첨가량 증가에 따라 유의적으로 항산화능이 증가하였다. TBA가 분석 결과 모든 처리구에서 0.4 MDA mg/kg 이하의 수준을 나타내어 지방산패로부터 안전한 품질을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 흑메밀 분말의 첨가는 유화형 닭고기 소시지의 이화학적 품질 향상 및 항산화 활성 증진하는 데 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었다.

Rutin, Catechin Derivatives, and Chemical Components of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) Sprouts

Hee-Sun Lee,Cheol-Ho Park,Byoung-Jae Park,Soon-Mi Kwon,Kwang-Jin Chang,Sun-Lim Kim 韓國作物學會 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.1S

The aim of this study was to develop the tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) sprouts and to clarify the biological and chemical characteristics of the sprouts. At 7 days after seeding, hypocotyls length and thickness, and root length of tartary buckwheat sprouts were 137 cm, 1.4 mm, and 12.6 cm, respectively. Fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture contents of an individual sprout at 7 days after seeding were 202 mg, 5.4 mg, and 95.3%, respectively. Protein content in tartary buckwheat sprouts was 23.0% which relatively higher than that of seeds, while lipid and ash contents were 3.5% and 5.3%. Among 7 minerals, the content of phosphorus showed the highest level (1,383.5 mg/100 g), while the contents of sodium and potassium were 1,197.5 mg/100 g and 1,106 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of other minerals were Mg (795.5 mg/100 g), Ca (149 mg/100 g), Zn (16.4 mg/ 100 g), and Fe (14.7 mg/100 g). The rutin content of tatary buckwheat sprouts including root parts was the highest (5644.9 mg/100 g) at 7 days after seeding. The concentration of catechin derivatives in tartary buckwheat sprouts was high in order of catechin (59 mg/100 g), epicatechin gallate (47 mg/100 g), and epicatechin (14 mg/100 g).

Rutin, Catechin Derivatives, and Chemical Components of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) Sprouts

Lee, Hee-Sun,Park, Cheol-Ho,Park, Byoung-Jae,Kwon, Soon-Mi,Chang, Kwang-Jin,Kim, Sun-Lim The Korean Society of Crop Science 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.suppl1

The aim of this study was to develop the tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) sprouts and to clarify the biological and chemical characteristics of the sprouts. At 7 days after seeding, hypocotyls length and thickness, and root length of tartary buckwheat sprouts were 137 cm, 1.4 mm, and 12.6 cm, respectively. Fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture contents of an individual sprout at 7 days after seeding were 202 mg, 5.4 mg, and 95.3%, respectively. Protein content in tartary buckwheat sprouts was 23.0% which relatively higher than that of seeds, while lipid and ash contents were 3.5% and 5.3%. Among 7 minerals, the content of phosphorus showed the highest level (1,383.5 mg/100 g), while the contents of sodium and potassium were 1,197.5 mg/100 g and 1,106 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of other minerals were Mg (795.5 mg/100 g), Ca (149 mg/100 g), Zn (16.4 mg/ 100 g), and Fe (14.7 mg/100 g). The rutin content of tatary buckwheat sprouts including root parts was the highest (5644.9 mg/100 g) at 7 days after seeding. The concentration of catechin derivatives in tartary buckwheat sprouts was high in order of catechin (59 mg/100 g), epicatechin gallate (47 mg/100 g), and epicatechin (14 mg/100 g).