Herbicidal Effects of Sorgoleone, Sorghum bicolor Root Exudates under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

Md Romij Uddin,Ok, Jae Won,Jong Yeong Pyon 한국잡초학회 2010 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.30 No.2

Herbicidal Effects and Crop Selectivity of Sorgoleone, a Sorghum Root Exudate under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

Md Romij Uddin(로미즈우딘),Ok Jae Won(원옥재),Jong Yeong Pyon(변종영) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.4

잡초는 농업생태계에서 경합에 의하여 막대한 피해를 입히며, 환경 및 인류의 부정적인 관심 때문에 잡초를 방제하기 위하여 사용되고 있는 합성 제초제에 대한 의존도를 줄이려는 노력이 전 세계적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이와 같은 관점에서 수수 추출물의 일종인 sorgoleone의 제초활성과 작물 선택성을 온실과 포장조건에서 검정하였다. Sorgoleone은 토양처리와 경엽처리에서 모두 높은 효과를 나타냈는데 화본과 잡초보다 광엽잡초에서 효과가 높았다. 온실조건에서 대부분 광엽잡초의 생장은 Sorgoleone 200 ㎍ ml-1에서 80%이상 억제되었고, 소리쟁이와 갈퀴덩굴은 완전히 고사되었다. 포장조건에서도 sorgoleone의 제초활성은 광엽잡초에 가장 우수하였고, 방동사니, 화본과 잡초 순이었다. 포장조건에서 잡초생장 억제정도는 전반적으로 온실조건보다 다소 낮은 경향이었다. 벼, 보리, 밀, 옥수수, 콩, 들깨, 토마토와 배추에서는 sorgoleone에 의한 생장억제는 거의 없었으나 상추와 오이는 생장이 억제되었다. Weeds are known to cause enormous losses due to their interference in agro ecosystems. Because of environmental and human health concerns, worldwide efforts are being made to reduce the heavy reliance on synthetic herbicides that are used to control weeds. In this regard phytotoxicity of allelochemical sorgoleone, which is a major component of the hydrophobic root exudates of Sorghum bicolor was evaluated in different weed species and also its crop selectivity in greenhouse and field conditions. Sorgoleone strongly inhibited the growth of different weeds by pre-emergence and post-emergence applications both in greenhouse and field conditions. Post-emergence application of sorgoleone on 21-day-old weed seedlings had a greater inhibitory effect than the pre-emergence application. Again, broadleaf weed species were more susceptible than grass species to the application of sorgoleone at both stages of growth. Growth of broadleaf weed species was suppressed by greater than 80% for most of the weed species except a few species and among them the species Rumex japonicus and Galium spurium were completely suppressed at 200㎍ mL-1 sorgoleone. Like greenhouse trial, sorgoleone was more effective for broadleaf weed species followed by sedge and grass weed species in the field condition. The growth inhibition of weeds was slightly lower in field condition compared to greenhouse condition. The crop species like rice, barley, wheat, corn, perilla, tomato, soybean and Chinese cabbage were tolerant to sorgoleone while lettuce and cucumber were slightly susceptible to sorgoleone. Consequently, sorgoleone may be applied to control weeds in organic farms without affecting the growth of crop.

Rooting Behavior of Rice Cultivars under Different Planting Methods

Md Romij Uddin,Leonard John Wade,변종영,Md Abdul Mazid 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.1

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh in Old Brahmaputra Alluvial Flood Plain (AEZ-9) during December 2005 to May 2006 to examine the root growth of different rice cultivars under various establishment methods. This experiment comprised two sets of treatment (i) three methods of planting viz., dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding and transplanting, and (ii) six rice cultivars, two inbreds viz., BRRI Dhan 28 and BRRI Dhan 29, two hybrids, viz., Aalok 6201 and Sonarbangla 1 and two local improved cultivar viz., Habigonj IV and Habigonj VIII. Cultivars had more remarkable effect on different root parameters i.e. number of roots, root length, root length density, root biomass, root weight ratio and root shoot ratio of hybrid, inbred and local improved rice cultivars than method of planting. BRRI Dhan 28 performed the best for most of the parameters. At harvest, BRRI Dhan 29 showed the best rooting behavior among the cultivars. For both stages hybrid rice cultivars showed intermediate and local improved cultivars performed lower in rooting behavior. Direct seeding method performed better than transplanting method for most of the root parameters but wet direct seeding and dry direct seeding methods were identical. Interaction effect between method of planting and cultivar in most of the root parameters were insignificant. But, BRRI Dhan 28 and BRRI Dhan 29 under wet direct seeding method and Sonarbanngla 1 under transplanting method showed the best rooting performance among the other combinations. An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh in Old Brahmaputra Alluvial Flood Plain (AEZ-9) during December 2005 to May 2006 to examine the root growth of different rice cultivars under various establishment methods. This experiment comprised two sets of treatment (i) three methods of planting viz., dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding and transplanting, and (ii) six rice cultivars, two inbreds viz., BRRI Dhan 28 and BRRI Dhan 29, two hybrids, viz., Aalok 6201 and Sonarbangla 1 and two local improved cultivar viz., Habigonj IV and Habigonj VIII. Cultivars had more remarkable effect on different root parameters i.e. number of roots, root length, root length density, root biomass, root weight ratio and root shoot ratio of hybrid, inbred and local improved rice cultivars than method of planting. BRRI Dhan 28 performed the best for most of the parameters. At harvest, BRRI Dhan 29 showed the best rooting behavior among the cultivars. For both stages hybrid rice cultivars showed intermediate and local improved cultivars performed lower in rooting behavior. Direct seeding method performed better than transplanting method for most of the root parameters but wet direct seeding and dry direct seeding methods were identical. Interaction effect between method of planting and cultivar in most of the root parameters were insignificant. But, BRRI Dhan 28 and BRRI Dhan 29 under wet direct seeding method and Sonarbanngla 1 under transplanting method showed the best rooting performance among the other combinations.

Herbicidal Activity of Sorgoleone from Grain Sorghum Root Exudates and Its Contents among Sorghum Cultivars

Md Romij Uddin(우딘 로미즈),Yong-Kyoung Kim(김용경),Sang-Un Park(박상언),Jong-Yeong Pyon(변종영) 韓國雜草學會 2009 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.29 No.3

본 연구는 수수에서 추출한 sorgoleone의 제초활성을 잡초의 발아 및 초기 생장량을 측정하여 조사하였고, sorgoleone의 함량이 높은 수수 품종을 선발하기 위하여 수수 품종간 sorgoleone의 함량 차이를 조사하였다. Sorgoleone의 제초활성은 화본과 잡초에 비하여 광엽잡초에서 우수한 효과를 나타냈고, 잡초의 지상부 생장억제 효과는 뿌리에 대한 억제효과보다 더 높았다. 갈퀴덩굴, 털비름, 소리쟁이, 달맞이꽃과 명아주에서는, sorgoleone은 70-80% 이상 지상부 행장억제 효과를 나타냈다. 피와 바랭이는 sorgoleone 100ppm에서 67% 지상부 생장억제 효과를 보였다. 자귀풀과 새포아풀, 야생귀리에서는 지상부 생장억제 효과가 낮았다. 수수 품종간에 뿌리의 sorgoleone함량은 큰 차이를 나타냈으며, 특히 찰수고, 꼬부랑수수, IT 135777은 흰수수(0.4mg/mg 뿌리 생체중)에 비하여 각각 16.5, 10.8, 8.2배 높은 함량을 나타냈다. This study was done to evaluate herbicidal activity of sorgoleone in different weed species and to select cultivars with high sorgoleone contents within a diverse collection of grain sorghum. It was noticed that broadleaf weed species were more susceptible to sorgoleone than grass weed species. Shoot growth of weeds tested was highly inhibited than root growth. Most of the broadleaf weed species showed strong inhibition in their shoot growth by 70-80%. Amon those Galium spurium, Amaranthus retroflexus, Rumex japonicus, Oenothera odorata and Chenopodium album were the most susceptible to sorgoleone. Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis showed 67% shoot inhibition at 100 ㎍ mL-1 sorgoleone. The weed species Aeschynomene indica, Poa annua and Avena fatua were less inhibited in shoot growth by sorgoleone compared to other species. Grain sorghum cultivars varied considerably in the amount of sorgoleone produced. Among 17 different cultivars, three cultivars i.e., Chalsusu Koburangsusu, and IT 135777 contained 16.5, 10.8, 8.2-fold more sorgoleone in comparison with cultivar Hinsusu.

Enhancing Sorgoleone Levels in Grain Sorghum Root Exudates

Uddin, Md. Romij,Park, Kee Woong,Kim, Yong Kyoung,Park, Sang Un,Pyon, Jong Yeong Springer-Verlag 2010 Journal of chemical ecology Vol.36 No.8

Rooting Behavior of Rice Cultivars under Different Planting Methods

Uddin, Md Romij,Wade, Leonard John,Pyon, Jong-Yeong,Mazid, Md Abdul 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.1

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh in Old Brahmaputra Alluvial Flood Plain (AEZ-9) during December 2005 to May 2006 to examine the root growth of different rice cultivars under various establishment methods. This experiment comprised two sets of treatment (i) three methods of planting viz., dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding and transplanting, and (ii) six rice cultivars, two inbreds viz., BRRI Dhan 28 and BRRI Dhan 29, two hybrids, viz., Aalok 6201 and Sonarbangla 1 and two local improved cultivar viz., Habigonj IV and Habigonj VIII. Cultivars had more remarkable effect on different root parameters i.e. number of roots, root length, root length density, root biomass, root weight ratio and root shoot ratio of hybrid, inbred and local improved rice cultivars than method of planting. BRRI Dhan 28 performed the best for most of the parameters. At harvest, BRRI Dhan 29 showed the best rooting behavior among the cultivars. For both stages hybrid rice cultivars showed intermediate and local improved cultivars performed lower in rooting behavior. Direct seeding method performed better than transplanting method for most of the root parameters but wet direct seeding and dry direct seeding methods were identical. Interaction effect between method of planting and cultivar in most of the root parameters were insignificant. But, BRRI Dhan 28 and BRRI Dhan 29 under wet direct seeding method and Sonarbanngla I under transplanting method showed the best rooting performance among the other combinations.

Weed Population Dynamics under Climatic Change

Md. Shahidul Haque Bir,엄민용,Md. Romij Uddin,박태선,강항원,김도순,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2014 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.3 No.3

This paper provides some of the scientific background on how projected environmental conditions could affectweeds and weed management in crops. Elevated CO2 levels may have positive effects on crop competitiveness with C4 weeds, butthese are generally outnumbered by C3 species in weed populations. Moreover, higher temperatures and drought will favor C4 overC3 plants. The implementation of climate change adaptation technologies, such as drought-tolerant germplasm and water-savingirrigation regimes, will have consequences for crop–weed competition. Rainfed production systems are thought to be mostvulnerable to the direct effects of climate change and are likely to face increased competition from C4 and parasitic weeds. Bioticstress-tolerant crop cultivars to be developed for these systems should encompass weed competitiveness and parasitic-weedresistance. In irrigated systems, indirect effects will be more important and weed management strategies should be diversified tolessen dependency on herbicides and mechanical control, and be targeted to perennial rhizomatous (C3) weeds. Water-savingproduction methods that replace a weed-suppressive floodwater layer by intermittent or continuous periods of aerobic conditionsnecessitate additional weed management strategies to address the inherent increases in weed competition. Thus, climaticconditions have a great effect on weed population dynamics all over the world.

Growth Competition between Rice and Barnyardgrass under Elevated Temperature

Md. Shahidul Haque Bir,OK Jae Won,Md. Romij Uddin,Kee Woong Park 한국잡초학회 2017 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.37 No.1

Weed Population Dynamics under Climatic Change

Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque,Eom, Min Yong,Uddin, Md. Romij,Park, Tae Seon,Kang, Hang Won,Kim, Do Soon,Park, Kee Woong The Korean Society of Weed ScienceThe Turfgrass So 2014 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.3 No.3

This paper provides some of the scientific background on how projected environmental conditions could affect weeds and weed management in crops. Elevated $CO_2$ levels may have positive effects on crop competitiveness with $C_4$ weeds, but these are generally outnumbered by $C_3$ species in weed populations. Moreover, higher temperatures and drought will favor $C_4$ over $C_3$ plants. The implementation of climate change adaptation technologies, such as drought-tolerant germplasm and water-saving irrigation regimes, will have consequences for crop-weed competition. Rainfed production systems are thought to be most vulnerable to the direct effects of climate change and are likely to face increased competition from $C_4$ and parasitic weeds. Biotic stress-tolerant crop cultivars to be developed for these systems should encompass weed competitiveness and parasitic-weed resistance. In irrigated systems, indirect effects will be more important and weed management strategies should be diversified to lessen dependency on herbicides and mechanical control, and be targeted to perennial rhizomatous ($C_3$) weeds. Water-saving production methods that replace a weed-suppressive floodwater layer by intermittent or continuous periods of aerobic conditions necessitate additional weed management strategies to address the inherent increases in weed competition. Thus, climatic conditions have a great effect on weed population dynamics all over the world.

Prospects of Triticale as Fodder and Feed in Farming of Bangladesh

나지아 타바섬,로미즈 우딘,김은순 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2008 농업과학연구 Vol.35 No.1

This paper reviews the present situation of Triticale cultivation and examines the potentiality of contribution to livestock as well as poultry sector in Bangladesh Agriculture. Triticale is a human-made cross between rye and durum wheat that has the ability to produce quality green fodder, and then re-grow after first and second cutting to produce grain. In Bangladesh, it is a non-traditional cereal that grows well during the cool and dry Rabi season (November-March) when fodder and feed scarcity is a major limiting factor for ruminant livestock. In Bangladesh Triticale was started to grow in the late Ninety's. The scientists of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) were first introduced triticale in Bangladesh. Still now the situation of Triticale is grown as fooder and feed in Bangladesh within the scientists under trial. High quality grass fodder was obtained by cutting green triticale plants twice, at 35 and 50 days after seeding, while later the ratooning tillers produced grain to a yield of 1.1-2.4 t/㏊ of grain for poultry feed or human food. Triticale straw was twice as nutritious as rice or wheat straw and its grain contained more protein than other cereals. Researchers and farmers have also successfully made triticale hay and silage from a mixture of triticale green cuttings, rice straw and molasses. A feeding trial at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute(BLRI), Savar station showed a large(46%) increase in cow live weight gain and a 36% increase in milk yield (but no change in milk quality or dry matter intake) in cows fed triticale silage compared with those fed rice straw over a period of nine weeks. In another feeding trial, it was found that triticale grain was a good replacement for wheat in the feed blend for chickens in Bangladesh. So it will be a good chance to alive our livestock as well as poultry sector if triticale enters to our existing cropping system as fodder cum grain. The challenge in Bangladesh is to identify fodder technologies that match existing small-scale farmer cropping patterns without needing major inputs or increasing risks. Preliminary field experiments revealed that triticale is a crop with good potential to produce quality fodder and grain for small scale farmers in Bangladesh. 트리티케일은 호밀과 밀의 교잡에 의한 작물로서, 방글라데시에서 조사료 및 곡물로 재배가능하나 농가재배는 아직 시범단계에 있는 상태이다. 본 논문은 방글라데시농업에 있어서 비전통적인 작물로서 트리티케일의 재배 현황을 검토하고 최근 몇 년간의 시험연구 자료에 의거하여 트리티케일이 축산조사료와 곡물사료로 사용됨에 따르는 경제성을 비교하였다. 트리티케일과 밀 옥수수 재배의 수익성을 비교한 결과 트리티케일이 가장 높고 다음은 옥수수, 밀의 순으로 나타났다. 트리티케일의 재배대안별 수익성은 파종후 2회(파종후 35일째와 50일째 절단) 조사료로 절단 재배(4.9∼20.2 t/㏊)하고 이어서 곡물(1.1∼2.4 t/㏊)로서 재배하는 경우가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이때 B/C ratio는 1.62로 나타나서 경제성이 있다는 것을 입증했다. 한편 시범농가재배결과에 의하면 트리티케일을 젖소의 조사료로서 사용한 경우가 볏짚을 사용한 경우보다 젖소의 우유생산량과 젖소의 체중을 36∼46% 포인트 증가시키는 결과를 가져왔다. 아울러 트리티케일은 방글라데시 양계사육에 있어서 밀을 대체할 수 있는 좋은 곡물사료로 나타났다. 시험연구결과와 시범농가재배결과에 의하면 트리티케일을 조사료와 동시에 곡물로 이중목적으로 재배하는 것이 방글라데시 축산업에서 만성화 되어있는 조사료부족(특히 건기)현상을 경감할 뿐 아니라 소규모 방글라데시 농가의 소득에도 기여할 수 있는 잠재성이 있다고 판단된다.