『靈樞 經脈編』 및 『東醫寶鑑』의 주요 肺病證과 四象體質病證의 비교 고찰

김오영,김일환,박혜선,김효수,임치혜,초재승 사상체질의학회 2006 사상체질의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

A Study on Chief Lung-Disorder Diseases of Yeong-Chu Gyeong-maek Chapter and Dongui-Bogam on the Relationshiop of Sasang Constitutional Diseases Kim Oh-young, Kim Il-Hwan, Park Hye-Sun, Kim Hyo-Soo, Yim Chi-Hye, Cho Jae-Seung Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Shin University 1. Objectives This study is purposed to classify deficiency syndrome and Excess syndrome of chief lung-disorder diseases. 2. Methods It was researched on the comparative and literal study about the relation to Yeong-Chu Gyeong-maek Chapter, Dongui-Bogam and Dongui-Susebowon in chief lung-disorder symptoms or diseases. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) The chief lung-disorder diseases of Yeong-Chu Gyeong-maek Chapter , Dongui-Bogam and Dongui-Susebowon are asthma, coughing, fullness in the chest, sweating symptoms, cold-heat symptoms, dysphoria and sneezing. (2) Asthma symptom was shown to Soeumin’s 4 exterior deficiency diseases, Taeumin’s 1 exterior deficiency disease and 1 interior excess disease, and Soyangin’s 1 interior excess disease. (3) Coughing symptom was shown to Soeumin’s 1 extrerior deficiency disease and Taeumin’s 1 interior excess disease. (4) Fullness in the chest was shown to Soyangin’s 4 exterior excess diseases. (5) Sweating symptoms was shown to Soeumin’s 10 exterior deficiency diseases, Taeumins’s 1 exterior deficiency disease, and Soyangin’s 1 exterior defecieny disease. (6) Cold-heat symptoms was shown to Soyangin’s 4 exterior excess diseases. (7) Dysphoria was shown to Soeumin’s 1 exterior deficiency disease and 8 interior deficiency diseases, Taeumin’s 1 interior excess disease, and Soyangin’s 4 exterior excess and interior excess diseases. (8) Sneezing symptom was shown to Taeumin’s 1 exterior excess disease.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Liver Disease patients

( Uranbaigali Dashnyam ),( Bayarjargal Altankhuyag ),( Nyam Biziya ),( Shinebayar Narantuya ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: One of the most nutritional deficiency in the world is the deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Study assessed that there are more than 1 billion people living in the world that has serum 25(OH)D<20 ng/ml deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in individuals irrespective of their age, gender, race and geography. Deficiency of 25(OH)D not only causes children’s arthritis but to a range of common chronic diseases in adulthood such as diabetes, cancer, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease, this continuous to be a major public health problem in the world. Methods: Study participants were 102 chronic liver disease over the age of 18 from the citizens of “Choibalsan” city, “Dornod” province, who were referred to the outpatient of Dornod Medical center, Dornod, Mongolia. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected. All patients had tests for blood 25(OH)D were measured by ELISA and 28 patients who took 6 questionnaire tests. Results: Of all patients, 66 were men (68.1%) and 34 were women (31.9%). The mean age was 46 (between 18 and 89 years). There were 55 patients with cirrhosis (54%), and were 47 patients with chronic hepatitis B and C in the study group. 94 (92%) participants had 25(OH)D<20 ng/ml deficiency. Age and season had no correlation on the 25(OH)D level. From the results of the questionnaire test we can see that 5 have efficient 25(OH)D, 17 had the possibility of deficiency of 25(OH) D, and 6 had to reapply for the tests but these participants had 25(OH)D<10 ng/ml and this has no relevance on the level 25(OH)D (Pearson r=0.07, P=0.5). Conclusions: In conclusion, our pilot results show that patients as in 92% have 25(OH)D deficiency.

Philosophical Consultation Research on “Hollow Disease” of Chinese College Students

Weiguo Xia 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2019 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.10 No.2

The hollow disease of Chinese college students has attracted wide attention since it was put forward by Kaiwen Xu. From the meaning, specific manifestation and judgment criteria of hollow disease, "Hollow Disease" refers to "mental disorders caused by value deficiencies", and its specific manifestation and judgment criteria are marked by the fact that drug treatment of hollow disease does not work. The main treatment methods of hollow disease are value nihilism criticism and treatment, inhibition of autonomous development and "freedom" therapy, acquired helplessness and therapy, enlightenment and treatment of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the enlightenment and treatment of Freud's personality structure theory, cognition and treatment of life education for college students, treatment from the perspective of Modernity, early warning and intervention in the view of network micro, treatment based on socialist core values, skillfully using target guidance to help students in special economic zones cope with "Hollow Disease"; one person one policy and care for students. Due to the different cognitive perspectives of the "value deficiencies" of Chinese college students with hollow disease, the corresponding treatment methods are also varied, but these treatment methods should not only stay in the field of psychological counseling, but also in the field of philosophical counseling. Regardless of the meaning, concrete college students with hollow disease, the corresponding treatment methods are also varied, but these treatment methods should not only stay in the field of psychological counseling, but also in the field of philosophical counseling. Regardless of the meaning, concrete manifestation, judgment criteria and treatment plan, hollow disease of Chinese college students is a suitable customer problem for philosophical counseling, and should be treated in the field of philosophical counseling instead of psychological counseling. Therefore, the philosophical consulting research on "Hollow Disease" of Chinese college students is worth combing and discussing in depth.

Anemia in Chronic Liver Disease

( Sang Jun Suh ),( Han Ah Lee ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Young Sun Lee ),( Jong Jin Hyun ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwan Soo Byun ),( Soon 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The anemia in chronic liver disease is common. The causes can be bleeding, malnutrition, erythrocyte sequestration and underproduction, and medicine’s side effects. Many patients are just regarded as iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and described iron supplements. We investigated the patterns of anemia in chronic liver disease and triage the causes. Methods: The patients invited to Korea university ansan hospital from 2012 to 2016 were investigated retrospectively. 1632 patients were test for anemia lab. The definition of anemia is <13.0g/dl(men) or 8.1g/dl(women) according to WHO’s threshold. Reticulocyte production index (RPI) is calculated by [reticulocyte count (%)*hematocrit/ 45]/reticulocyte maturation time. If RPI ≥2.5, it is classified as hemolysis or hemorrhage. If RPI < 2.5, it was checked red cell morphology. Normocytic (MCV 80-100) is classified as hypo-proliferative disorder, and macrocytic (MCV >100) or microcytic (MCV <80) is classified as maturation disorder. In hypo-proliferative disorder, eGFR (using MDRD fomula) < 30ml/min/1.73 m2 is classified as renal disease. If CRP >3mg/dl, it is classified as inflammatory disorder. In maturation disorder, if transferrin saturation (Fe/TIBC) <15% or ferritin <18 ng/ml, it classified as IDA. In macrocytic morphology, if the patients diagnosed as alcoholic disease, it is classified as folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiency. Others are classified as undetermined. This classification is modified from ‘algorithm of the physiologic classification of anemia’ of Harrison’s Internal Medicine. Results: Total 441 patients were available for analysis. 11 patients were classified as hemolysis/hemorrhage according to RPI ≥2.5. 430 patients were divided as hypo-proliferative (n=275) and maturation disorder (n=155) according to RBC morphology. IDA 72, renal disease 9, inflammatory disease 30, and thiamine folate deficiency 61 patients were classified. 258 patients were undermined. In IDA 72 patients, 38 patients were treated with iron supplement. In other causes 111 patients, 16 patients were described iron. In undermined 258 patients, 75 patients described iron. The proportion who diagnosed and appropriately treated with iron supplement was 8.8%, and 3.7% were miss treated, and 17.5% needed further evaluation. Conclusions: A lot of patients with anemia in chronic liver disease are treated with undetermined diagnosis. Using algorithm, many patients could be classified and treated appropriately.

만성 소화기 질환 환아에서 미량원소 결핍과 모발 검사의 유용성

홍지나,이정화,이란,신지연,고재성,서정기,Hong, Jea-Na,Lee, Jung-Hwa,Lee, Ran,Shin, Jee-Youn,Ko, Jae-Sung,Seo, Jeong-Kee 대한소아소화기영양학회 2008 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.11 No.2

목 적: 만성 설사, 흡수 장애 등의 소화기 질환에서 경구 영양 공급이 불충분할 경우 미량원소 결핍 발생의 빈도가 높으나, 이러한 환아에서 미량원소 결핍 증상에도 불구하고 혈액 검사 결과 정상으로 나타나기도 한다. 따라서 미량원소 결핍 고위험군 환아에서 결핍된 미량원소를 확인하고, 적절한 공급 및 추적 관찰 지표로서 모발 검사의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 서울대학교 어린이병원에 내원하여 만성 소화기 질환으로 경구 영양 장애 또는 성장 발육 부전을 보였던 13명을 대상으로 모발과 혈액의 미량원소 검사를 시행하여, 결핍 소견을 보인 모발과 혈액의 미량원소에 대해 장기 정맥영양군과 경구영양군, 그리고 증상군과 무증상군으로 나누어 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과: 전체 13명 중 11명에서 모발 또는 혈액 검사에서 미량원소 결핍이 있었으며, 결핍된 미량원소는 아연, 셀레늄, 구리였다. 모발 내 아연 결핍은 8명(62%), 모발 내 셀레늄 결핍은 6명(46%)이었고, 혈액 내 아연농도가 정상인 환자의 67% (8/12명), 혈액 내 셀레늄 농도가 정상 환자의 57% (4/7명)에서 각각 모발 내 아연, 모발 내 셀레늄 결핍을 보였다. 모발 내 아연 농도는 장기 정맥영양군에서 경구영양군에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며(p=0.015) 결핍 발생 빈도 또한 유의하게 높았다(Fisher's exact test, p=0.032). 모발 내 셀레늄 농도는 증상군에서 무증상군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p=0.034). 결 론: 만성 소화기 질환으로 경구 영양 장애 또는 성장 발육 부전이 있을 경우 증상 여부에 상관없이 혈액검사와 함께 모발 미네랄 검사로 결핍 여부를 평가하는 것이 필요할 것으로 보인다. Purpose: Patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease are at risk for trace element deficiency due to impaired absorption and gastrointestinal loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trace element status of patients with gastrointestinal disease by blood and hair analysis, and to determine the usefulness of hair mineral analysis for diagnosing trace element deficiency not detected by a blood test. Methods: An analysis of hair minerals was performed and compared with blood mineral analysis in 13 patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease. The concentration of each element in the hair and blood was compared in the subgroups based on parenteral nutritional support or clinical symptoms. Results: Almost all patients had trace element deficiency. The trace elements deficient in the blood or hair analysis included zinc, selenium and copper. The hair zinc concentration was significantly lower in the group receiving parenteral nutritional support. The hair selenium concentration was statistically associated with the clinical symptoms of hair loss, brittle hair and loss of hair pigmentation. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease should receive adequate zinc and selenium replacement to avoid trace element deficiency especially when treated with long-term parenteral nutrition. Hair mineral analysis is useful as a complementary tool for the detection of a trace element deficiency.

Effectiveness of administering zinc acetate hydrate to patients with inflammatory bowel disease and zinc deficiency: a retrospective observational two-center study

( Kensuke Sakurai ),( Shigeru Furukawa ),( Takehiko Katsurada ),( Shinsuke Otagiri ),( Kana Yamanashi ),( Kazunori Nagashima ),( Reizo Onishi ),( Keiji Yagisawa ),( Haruto Nishimura ),( Takahiro Ito ) 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.1

Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients frequently have zinc deficiency. IBD patients with zinc deficiency have higher risks of IBD-related hospitalization, complications, and requiring surgery. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of zinc acetate hydrate (ZAH; Nobelzin) in IBD patients with zinc deficiency. Methods: IBD patients with zinc deficiency who received ZAH from March 2017 to April 2020 were registered in this 2-center, retrospective, observational study. Changes in serum zinc levels and disease activity (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index [CDAI]) before and after ZAH administration were analyzed. Results: Fifty-one patients with Crohn’s disease (CD, n=40) or ulcerative colitis (UC, n=11) were registered. Median serum zinc level and median CDAI scores significantly improved (55.5-91.0 μg/dL, P<0.001; 171.5-129, P<0.001, respectively) in CD patients 4 weeks after starting ZAH administration. Similarly, median serum zinc levels and CDAI scores significantly improved (57.0-81.0 μg/dL, P<0.001; 177-148, P=0.012, respectively) 20 weeks after starting ZAH administration. Similar investigations were conducted in groups where no treatment change, other than ZAH administration, was implemented; significant improvements were observed in both serum zinc level and CDAI scores. Median serum zinc levels in UC patients 4 weeks after starting ZAH administration significantly improved from 63.0 to 94.0 μg/dL (P=0.002), but no significant changes in disease activity were observed. One patient experienced side effects of abdominal discomfort and nausea. Conclusions: ZAH administration is effective in improving zinc deficiency and may contribute to improving disease activity in IBD. (Intest Res 2022;20:78-89)

S-540 : Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency in adult patients with obstructive lung diseases

( Joo Hee Kim ),( Sung Hoon Park ),( Seung Hun Jang ),( Yong Il Hwang ),( Ki Suck Jung ),( Dong Gyu Kim ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency (IgGSCD) is a relative common primary immunodeifiency disease in Korean adults and the association of obstructive lung diseases with disturbances in IgG subclasses levels has been recognized. However, there has been controversy of a true biological significance of IgGSCD in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Objective: A retrospective chart review was conducted to characterize the clinical features of IgGSCD in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Subjects and methods: We reviewed the charts of 86 adult patients with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attending our clinics and having IgGSCD from 2001 January to 2012 December. Subjects, classified according to the 10 warning signs by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, were divided into the two groups: group I (n=11) met the criteria: and group II (n=61) were without recurrent infections. Results: A total of 72 patients were enrolled after exclusion of 14 patients receiving concomitant immunosuppressant therapies. The male to female ratio was similar (35:37) and mean age was 62.88±15.34 years with a range of 17 to 87. Mean preFEV1% was 67.57±27.57% at diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases. The major underlying diseases were bronchiectasis (n=23), history of tuberculosis (n=20), cardiovascular disease (n=11) and diabetes (n=8). Isolated IgG3 deficiency is the most common subclass deficiency (n=52, 72.2%), followed by combined with IgG3 and other types (n=11, 15.2%) and isolated IgG4 (n=6, 8.33%). The annual numbers of antibiotics course and the number of hospitalization related to infectious causes were significantly higher in group I than group II (p<0.0001 and p=0.012, respectively). In both groups, the most common infectious disease was pneumonia, followed by rhinosinusitis, zoster, otitis media and urinary tract infection. Conclusion: IgG3 subclass deficiency was the most common type and lower levels of IgG subclasses were associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory infection in adult patients with obstructive lung diseases.

心病辨證의 形成過程에 대한 文獻的 考察

金庸柱,崔達永,金俊錡,朴元煥 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1997 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.1

五臟六腑中에서 心은 人體 生理活動의 主宰으로서 臟腑 가운데에서도 首位를 차지하여 人體의 思推活動이나 臟腑機能의 協調 및 氣血의 通暢등도 모두 心의 機能에 依存하는 바이므로 心을 生命活動의 中心이라고 한다. 本 論文은 辨證體系웨 形成過程을 心病辨證에 限하여 文獻的으로 考察한 것으로써, 첫째 心病의 虛症分類에 있어 心虛症이라고 包括的으로 言及되어지던 것이 心陰虛症과 心陽虛症으로 分類되었으며, 다시 心氣虛症ㆍ心陽虛病ㆍ心血虛症ㆍ心陰虛症으로 分類되었다가, 最近에 辨證分類에서는 이를 더욱 細分化시켜 心氣虛症ㆍ心陽虛病ㆍ心血虛症ㆍ心陰虛症ㆍ心氣陰兩虛症ㆍ心氣血兩虛症ㆍ心陰陽兩虛症ㆍ心陽暴脫證으로 分類 發展시키고 있다. 둘째 心病의 實證分類에 있어 가장 중요한 것은 痰과 火ㆍ熱의 問題였으며 이것들을 가지고 다양한 辨證分類를 하였는데, 初期에는 痰證과 熱證을 단지 分離하여 辨證하였던 것을, 最近에는 痰證과 火證뿐만 아니라 痰火를 같이 묶어 辨證 하였으며, 心氣虛心陽虛에서 起因된 心瘀證을 점차 重要하게 여기는 方向으로 辨證分類를 하였다. 이러한 辨證分類의 多樣化ㆍ細分化는 漸漸 多樣해지는 疾病樣相에 보다 잘 대처하려는 硏究結果로 보여지며 이후로도 보다 實證的인 硏究가 더욱 더 要望된다. The heart takes the top position as the monarch of the physiological activity in five viscera and six bowels. Activity to think and ponder, or harmony of the function of viscera and bowels and passing smoothly of qi and blood and so on, these depend on the function of heart. So it is called the center of life activity. This thesis studied bibliographically the process of formation of the system of differention of syndromes. First, in the classify of deficiency syndrome, insufficiency of the Heart is classified deficiency of the Heart-yin and insufficiency of the Heart-yang. After it classified insufficiency of the Heart-qi, insufficiency of the Heart-yang. dificiency of the Heart-blood and deficiency of the Heart-yin, At lately it classified more subdivide into insufficiency of the Heart-qi, insufficiency of the Heart-yang, 야랴ciency of the Heart-blood, deficiency of the Heart-yin. Deficiency of the Heart-qiㆍyin, deficiency of the Heart-qiㆍblood, deficiency of the Heart-yinㆍyang and sudden exhaustion of the Heart-yang. Second, It were the most important that the phlegm, fire and heat in the classify of excess syndrome. It classified various differentiation of syndrome. In the beginning of a period, it only classified phlegm syndrome and heat syndrome, but recently it classified not only phlegm syndrome and heat syndrome but also phlegm-fire. Also, It clas냐랴ed importantly gradually Heart-blood stasis caused by deficiency of the Heart-qi and the Heart-yang. Variety and subdivision of classify of differentiation of syndrome seemed resault of study to prepare various disease. And that after demanded more and more positive study.

Oral Symptoms Related to Vitamin B12 Deficiency in a Patient with Crohn’s Disease

이주희,박연정,권정승,김영건,안형준 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 2017 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.42 No.1

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease which affects whole gastrointestinal tractfrom mouth to anus. Crohn’s disease may present both oral manifestation and gastrointestinalsymptom–abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, fever, and growth failure. Theprevalence rate of oral manifestation is approximately between 0.5% and 20%. The oral lesioncould be the first sign of Crohn’s disease. We present a case of Crohn’s disease in a patientwho did not show typical oral manifestations but had nonspecific aphthous like ulceration andburning sensation for many years. Through this case, we suggest approaches for the diagnosisand treatment of the oral lesion of Crohn’s disease.

Oral Symptoms Related to Vitamin B₁₂ Deficiency in a Patient with Crohn's Disease

Lee, Joo-Hee,Park, Youn-Jung,Kwon, Jeong-Seung,Kim, Young-Gun,Ahn, Hyung-Joon Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2017 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.42 No.1

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease which affects whole gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. Crohn's disease may present both oral manifestation and gastrointestinal symptom-abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, fever, and growth failure. The prevalence rate of oral manifestation is approximately between 0.5% and 20%. The oral lesion could be the first sign of Crohn's disease. We present a case of Crohn's disease in a patient who did not show typical oral manifestations but had nonspecific aphthous like ulceration and burning sensation for many years. Through this case, we suggest approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of the oral lesion of Crohn's disease.