2030 세대의 출산의도에 미치는 영향요인: 성별 차이 중심으로

이지원(Ji-Won Lee),윤성하(Seong-Ha Yun),한승엽(Seung-Yeop Han),김은지(Eun-Ji Kim),이경희(Kyung-Hee Lee) 한국보건의료윤리학회 2023 한국보건의료윤리학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Background: This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing childbirth intentions in individuals of the 2030 generation, with a focus on gender differences. The primary goal was to provide essential data for the development of policies that support childbirth. Methods: In this study, we conducted a survey on 190 individuals from the 2030 generation. After excluding three incomplete responses, we used a total of 187 datasets. The questionnaire consisted of 40 questions categorized into economic factors(9), personal factors(18), cultural factors(8), and subjective normative factors(5). General characteristics of the data were examined through frequency analysis. We conducted cross-analysis by gender to find out childbirth intentions and the preferred number of children. Gender-based differences in factors were identified using t-tests. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to find out the gender-based differences in the impact of factors on childbirth intentions. The significance level for all statistical analyses was set at p <0.05. Results: The study revealed that among the respondents, 60.4% (n=113) expressed an intention to have children, while 39.6%(n=74) did not. Specifically, 72.2% of males expressed an intention to have children, whereas only 56.1% of females did (p <0.001). When analyzing the difference in the impact on childbirth intention, there was a statistically significant difference between men 2.92(±0.70) and women 3.43(±0.48)(p <.01). When analyzing the differences in the impact of each factor on childbirth intention, for men, economic factors (+), personal factors(emotion) and subjective normative factors had a negative (-) influence (p <.001), and for women, personal factors(physical, emotion) and subjective normative factors had a negative (-) influence(p <.05). Conclusion: It was found that women in the 2030 generation had lower intentions of childbirth than men, and women also had more factors affecting childbirth intention than men and were greatly affected. Therefore, this study proposes that the childbirth promotion policy requires detailed policies divided by gender.

미혼 남녀의 출산인식 비교와 출산의향 관련 요인

김태우,전우형,강준혁,구정모,김영용,박성범,서원기,이명훈,남현경,이명경 경북대학교 간호혁신연구소 2016 경북간호과학지 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the difference of childbirth perception between 200 unmarried men and women, and to identify the correlates of childbirth intentions. Methods: Participants were 200 unmarried adult men and women in D city. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study, and data were collected from June 6 to 16, 2015. We measured general characteristics, intention of childbirth, values on family formation, financial barrier to childbirth, and effectiveness of birth support policies. Results: Men had the higher willingness to childbirth than women, while women placed more significant value on family formation rather than childbirth itself. Women were more positive thinking about the dual-income and tend to avoid giving birth due to concerning about job retention. Women reported economic problems as barriers to childbirth. Women were aware that the financial support system would be helpful to increase birth rate, while men were aware that child care system would be effective to increase birth rate. Conclusion: Economic factors had significant impact on childbirth intention, while values related to family formation had no impact on childbirth intention. In the home and community, the couple’s joint efforts and practical policies that encourage birth are required for women to maintain working and to balance family work, maternity work, and job work after childbirth.

여대생의 출산의지에 영향을 미치는 요인

백민자,류현숙 한국자료분석학회 2012 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.14 No.4

본 연구는 여대생들을 대상으로 결혼의지와 출산의지를 파악하고 출산의지에 영향을 주는 관련요인들을 알아보기 위해 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 G도와 G시 소재 2곳의 대학교에서 대학생 493명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 여대생들의 결혼에 대한 인식은 80.2%로 긍정적으로 나타났고 결혼 적정 연령은 평균 29.2세로 조사되었다. 행복한 결혼생활에 가장 필요한 것은 금전, 사랑, 성격, 유사한 가치관, 종교의 순으로 나타났다. 출산을 원하는 연령은 평균 30.6세이었으며, 자녀의 필요성에 대해서는 58.6%에서 긍정적으로 생각하고 있었고 원하는 자녀수는 평균 2.0명으로 나타났다. 결혼의지가 높을수록 출산의지는 높았으며, 연령이 낮을수록 결혼의지가 높았다. 출산을 원하는 연령이 높을수록 이상 자녀수가 적었으며, 이상 자녀수가 많을수록 실제 원하는 자녀수가 많았다. 출산의지에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 결혼의지, 종교유무, 정부지원 요구, 출생순위가 예측변인으로 확인되었으며 총 39.0% 설명력을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing female university students’ intention of childbirth. The subjects were 493 female university students at two universities in G Province and G City. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS/PC+ 15.0. First, 80.2% of the respondents have intention of marriage in the future. The ideal age of marriage is 29.2 years old. Necessary conditions for happy marriage were money, love and personality respectively. Second, the suitable age for childbirth is 30.6 years old. 58.6% of subjects desired childbirth. The desired number of children was 2.0. Third, female students' intention of marriage and childbirth were found to have positive correlations. Forth, the variables that affected the intention of childbirth of female university students were intention of marriage, religion, availability of government support and sibling order. These factors were describing 39.0% of childbirth intention.

출산의도에 미치는 영향요인 연구

이보라 ( Lee Bo-ra ) 동서대학교 일본연구센터 2020 次世代 人文社會硏究 Vol.16 No.-

본 연구는 초저출산 시대를 맞이하여 출산이 가능한 20~40세 미만의 기혼·미혼 집단을 대상으로 출산의도에 미치는 영향요인을 살펴보고자 하였다. 정부정책에 대한 신뢰수준과 사회 환경에 대한 인식, 경제적 부담감, 자녀에 대한 가치관의 출산의도에 대한 영향을 분석한 결과, 첫째, 개인적 특성을 통제했을 때 개인 가치관이 출산의도에 가장 큰 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며. 정부정책에 대한 신뢰가 높을수록 출산의도가 높아지는 결과도 함께 검증되었다. 둘째, 정부정책의 세부영역에서는 임신·출산정책신뢰, 노동정책신뢰가 출산의도에 영향을 미치며, 사회 환경인식의 하위 변수에서는 가정양육환경, 직장양육환경, 지역양육환경이 출산의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 경제적 부담에서는 자녀의 교육비, 양육비 부담과 개인 가치관 중 자녀가치, 자녀필요성이 출산의도에 영향을 미치는 세부 변수로 분석되었다. 셋째, 응답자들의 출산의도는 1.13(명)으로 나타났다. 넷째, 출산 가능 집단 별 출산의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 볼 때 정부의 신뢰수준을 높일 수 있는 중장기적 정책의 대안과 개인의 가치관을 반영할 수 있는 다양한 관점에서의 출산정책디자인이 필요하다고 볼 수 있다. The purpose of this study is investigating the factors affecting the birth intention on single or married aged of 20 to 40 who are able to give birth due to extremely low birth rates. We analyzed the level of trust in government policy, perception of social environment, economic burden, the value of children, and the impact on childbirth. First of all, we found that personal values showed the greatest influence on the birth intention when individual characteristics were controlled. In addition, the higher the level of government policy trust the higher the intention to give birth. Second, in the detailed areas of government policy confidence in pregnancy, childbirth, and labor policy influenced the intention of giving birth. In the sub-factor of social environment perception, child-rearing environment, one’s work environment, and local parenting environment also affect to intention of childbirth. Furthermore, the economic burden was analyzed as the detailed parameter that affect the intention to give birth, including the education costs of child, value of the child, and the needs for the child among the personal values such as childcare expenses. Third, the respondent’s childbirth intention to give birth was 1.13. Fourth, the factors affecting the purpose of childbirth by the potential fertile groups also showed statistically significant value. The results of this study suggest that there is a need to design an alternative policy for mid to long-term policy that can raise the level of government’s confidence and a policy of giving birth in various perspectives that reflects individual values.

부모･자녀의 이중부양부담이 기혼여성의 출산의사에 미치는 영향

이승주(Lee, Seungju),이소민(Lee, Somin),문승현(Moon, Seunghyun) 한국가족학회 2017 가족과 문화 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구에서는 자녀양육 및 부모부양 부담이 출산의사에 어떤 효과를 미치는지를 살펴보고, 시부모 및 친정부모의 부양부담이 현재 자녀수와 향후 출산의사 간의 관계에서 어떠한 효과를 미치는지 상호작용효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이에 여성가족패널(Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families) 1-5차 자료를 분석대상으로 하여 이항로짓모형(Binary Logit Model)을 활용하여 분석을 시행하였다. 분석 결과 상호작용효과를 제외한 모형과 상호작용효과를 포함한 모형 모두에서 독립변수인 자녀수가 통계적으로 유의미한 수준에서 향후 출산의사에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. ①상호작용효과를 제외한 모형과②시부모 부양여부와 현 자녀수간의 상호작용변수만을 투입한 모형, ③시부모 부양여부와 현 자녀수, 친정부모 부양여부와 현 자녀수간의 상호작용 변수를 모두 투입한 모형에서 시부모 부양여부 및 친정부모 부양여부가 모두 출산의사에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 현 자녀수와 노부모부양의 조절효과를 살펴본 결과 시부모 부 양여부와 현 자녀수의 상호작용변수만이 출산의사에 부(-)의 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자녀수가 증가할 경우 시부모와 같이 동거하는 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 출산의사에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 확률이 높다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구결과 친정부모이든 또는 시부모이든 믿고 안심할 수 있는 육아 조력자로서 노부모가 가정에 존재하는 경우 출산의사에 긍정적인 반응을 보이는 것으로 볼 때 반드시 노부모를 부양하고 있다고 해서 자녀양육과 노부모 부양의 이중부담으로 인해 출산율에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것은 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 다만 시부모를 부양하는데 있어서는 친정부모를 모실 때와는 다르게 자녀 양육에 대한 부담감과 시부모 부양의 부담이 결합하여 가중됨으로써 향후 자녀 출산의사에 부(-) 적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. This study examines what the relationship between the current number of children within family, the presence of elderly care burden, and future childbirth intention would be and whether and how, if any, the influence of the number of children within household on future childbirth intention could be moderated by the presence of elderly care burden, such as living with parents-in law or parents for support. Utilizing the merged data(1st∼5th waves) from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families, the binary logit analysis was conducted. According to the result, the number of children within family as an independent variable has a negative effect on the future childbirth intention in all the tested models including and excluding the moderating variable. In model 1, 3, and 4, which test only the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, an interaction effect of the number of children within family and the dummy variable of living with parents-in-law for support, or interaction effects of the number of children within family and the living with parents-in-law or parents for support variable, the dummy variable of living with parents-in-law or parents for support is positively associated with the future childbirth intention. On the other hand, the interaction effect of the number of children within family and living with parents-in-law for support is proven to be statistically significant in both model 3 and 4. These results can be interpreted as follows: the more number of children within household is currently present, the less likely married women are to have a future childbirth intention; however, even when parents-in-law or parents are living with married couples and lay a elderly care burden on them, they are more likely to have a future childbirth intention. Meanwhile, when examining the moderating effect of the dummy variable of living with parents-in law or parents on the relationship between the number of children and the future fertility intention, we learn that the interaction effect of the number of children and the moderating variable would exacerbate the situation of the future childbirth intention. That is, more kids means much less likely to have a further childbirth intention when married women live with parents-in-law to support.

육아지원기관의 충분성과 사회적 지지, 가족상호작용이 어머니의 심리적 요인과 출산의향에 미치는 영향 : 한국아동패널을 활용하여

황정은(Hwang, Jung-Eun),한송이(Han, Song-I) 한국유아교육·보육복지학회 2017 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.21 No.4

본 논문은 한국의 기혼여성들의 심리적 요인과 출산의향에 육아지원기관의 충분성과 사회적지지, 그리고 가족상호작용이 미치는 영향을 탐색하기 위한 목적을 갖는다. 한국의 여성근로자들은 출산 육아를 포함한 ‘가정 내 역할’과 경력개발과 고용유지를 위한 ‘직장 내 역할’을 수행해야 하는 과정에서 다양한 장벽에 부딪히게 된다. 본 논문은 이 과정에서 육아지원기관의 충분성과 사회와 가정의 역할도 함께 고려함으로써 기혼여성의 출산의향은 국가, 기업, 사회, 가정의 모든 영역에서 유기적으로 영향을 받고 있다는 점을 실증분석을 통해 밝히고자 한다. 본 연구는 육아지원기관의 충분성, 사회적 지지 그리고 가족상호작용이 어머니의 심리적 요인을 매개로 출산의향에 영향을 미치는 경로를 검증한다. 따라서 여러 단계의 변수들의 관계구조를 분석하면서, 모수의 추정과 전반적인 적합도를 검토하고, 변수들간의 직접효과와 간접효과를 검토하기 적합한 구조방 정식을 활용한다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널 6차년도 자료를 활용하여 연구모형 및 연구가설을 검증한다. 한국아동패널의 2008년 의료기관에서 출생한 전국의 신생아 가구 2,078명을 분석 대상으로 하였고, 본연구는 2013년 6차년도 자료를 분석데이터로 활용하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과, 첫째, 세 개의 독립변수(육아지원기관의 충분성, 사회적 지지, 가족 상호작용)는 모두 어머니의 심리적 요인에 유의한 정적(positive)인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 둘째, 심리적 요인은 출산 의향에 유의한 직접효과를 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 육아지원기관의 충분성은 심리적 요인을 매개로 출산의향에 정적(positive)으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 사회적 지지는 심리적 요인을 매개로 출산의향에 정적(positive)으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로, 가족 상호작용은 심리적 요인을 매개로 출산의향에 정적(positive)으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. This research aims to investigate the effect of sufficiency of childcare institution, social support and family interaction on Korean mother s psychological factors and intention of childbirth. Recently Korean mothers have been facing various obstacles in playing a role in family and a role in workplace at the same time. By considering sufficiency of childcare institutions and family interaction in the investigation, this research tries to emphasize the necessity of support from nation, enterprise, society, and family for encourage the intention of childbirth. This research examines the path that the sufficiency of childcare institution, social support and family interaction affect the intention of childbirth through the mediating effects of mother s psychological factors. To achieve this, analyzing relation structures of multilevel variables, the research applies structural equation for examining direct and indirect effects between variables and for estimating parameters. The research uses 6th Panel Study on Korean Children data. The data survey was conducted on 2,078 people who is in the family have a child born in 2008. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; First, three independent variables(sufficiency of childcare institution, social support and family interaction) influenced positively on mother s psychological factors. Second, mother s psychological factors showed significant direct effect on the intention of childbirth. Third, sufficiency of childcare institution was analyzed as influencing positively on the intention of childbirth by being mediated mother s psychological factors. Fourthly, social support influenced positively on the intention of childbirth by being mediated mother s psychological factors. Finally, family interaction was analyzed as influencing positively on the intention of childbirth by being mediated mother s psychological factors.

기혼 직장여성의 출산의도 결정요인에 관한 연구

장한나 ( Han Na Jang ),이명석 ( Myung Suk Lee ) 대한가정학회 2013 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.51 No.4

Postponing childbirth is becoming increasingly common and consequently serious social problem in Korea, among married-working women. It is relatively unknown which factors determine married-working women’s childbirth intention. This study investigated the effects of demographical factors, labor market factors and social support factors on married-working women’s childbirth intention. Data from a national survey of married-working women (Korean longitudinal survey of women and families) are used in this study. The findings are as follows. First, logistic regression analyses that married-working women’s childbirth intention could be predicted by 1) personal characteristic factors such as age (p <.000), education level (p <.029), parenthood (p <.000) monthly pay (p <.01); 2) husband support factors, such as satisfaction with division of household labor (p <.009), time with family (p <.049) influence of family life on work (p <.083); and 3) institutional support factors such as regular position (p <.015), regression analysis showed similar results. Personal characteristic factors and husband support factors had statistically significant effects on the number of future children. Personal value factors such as traditional family support (p <.05) proved to be the best predictor of the number of future children. Institutional support factors, on the other hand, did not have statistically significant effect on the number of future children. In a nutshell, personal characteristics and husband support proved to be the most important determinant of married-working women’s childbirth intention. The findings suggest that family friendly policy and flexible labor market policy will impact marriedworking women’s childbirth intention.

기혼여성의 출산의향에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

은선경(Sun-Kyoung Un),박효진(Hyo-Jin Park) 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 배우자의 가사노동시간, 결혼만족도, 자녀에 대한 가치관, 전통적 성역할, 저출산 관련 사회서비스 정책이 기혼여성의 출산의향에 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고자 함에 있다. 기혼여성 1,000명을 대상으로 설문을 조사하였으며, 이중에서 향후 출산의향이 있다고 응답한 482명을 대상으로 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 인구사회학적 요인으로서 연령이 유의미하였는데, 연령이 낮을수록 출산의향이 높았다. 또한 가족에 관련한 변인을 보면, 자녀 수, 배우자의 가사노동시간, 결혼만족도가 유의미한 변인으로서 자녀 수가 적을수록, 배우자가 가사노동에 할애하는 시간이 많을수록, 결혼만족도가 높을수록 출산의향이 높았다. 그리고 자녀에 대한 가치관, 출산지원 정책에 대한 인지도가 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났는데, 잔에 대해 긍정적인 가치를 부여하고 있을수록, 정부의 출산지원정책에 대한 인지정도가 낮을수록 출산의향이 높았다. 특히 정부의 출산지원정책에 대한 인지도는 출산휴가와 난임지원에 집중되어 있었고 다른 정책에 대해 잘 모르는 경우가 많았다. 따라서 출산의향을 증진시키기 위해서 성역할과 가사노동에 대한 배우자의 분담에 대한 인식의 개선과 인식변화의 이행을 위한 일-가정양립 지원체계의 강화, 그리고 난임지원에 대한 확대 및 저출산관련 서비스정책에 대한 홍보 강화가 필요하다. This paper analyzes the factors influencing the childbirth intention of married women with the goal of analyzing whether times of spouses" housework, marital satisfaction, values of children and traditional gender role, and social services related to the reduction of low fertility contribute to women"s intention to give birth. The respondents of the research were 1,000 married women, and the research was conducted with 482 women of childbirth intention. The findings are as follows. Age of sociodemographic factors has an influence on the childbirth intention. Related to family"s character, factors influencing childbirth intention are number of children, times of spouses" housework, and marital satisfaction. In addition, emotional and instrumental values of children, number of recognized public services for reduction of low fertility. In other words, the more women share housework with spouses and satisfy their marital life, the more childbirth intention of women is increased. In order to improve childbirth intention, changes of perception of gender role and sharing housework, reinforcement of social system for work and family compatibility that convert changes of perception into action, advanced marital relationship programs, extensive support for subfertility and a huge build-up of social services related to reduction of low fertility need to be provided.

저출생 문제해결을 위한 한자녀 기혼여성의 후속 출산의향 예측: 머신러닝 방법의 적용

전효정(Hyo Jeong Jeon) 한국보육지원학회 2024 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a machine learning model to predict the subsequent childbirth intention of married women with one child, aiming to address the low birth rate problem in Korea, This will be achieved by utilizing data from the 2021 Family and Childbirth Survey conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Methods: A prediction model was developed using the Random Forest algorithm to predict the subsequent childbirth intention of married women with one child. This algorithm was chosen for its advantages in prediction and generalization, and its performance was evaluated. Results: The significance of variables influencing the Random Forest prediction model was confirmed. With the exception of the presence or absence of leave before and after childbirth, most variables contributed to predicting the intention to have subsequent childbirth. Notably, variables such as the mother's age, number of children planned at the time of marriage, average monthly household income, spouse's share of childcare burden, mother's weekday housework hours, and presence or absence of spouse's maternity leave emerged as relatively important predictors of subsequent childbirth intention.

대학생의 출산의도와 관련변수

배상윤(Sang-Yun Bae) 한국보건복지학회 2012 보건과 복지 Vol.14 No.-

This study researches variables related to the childbirth intention of college students. The general ideal number of children of the college students is 2.4±0.8 persons and the average hope number of children appears 2.3±1.0 persons. In general variables, the higher subjective economic level is and the happier the family members are, the intention appears high. Also, in the case that the father has a job, the childbirth intention is high. In the variables related to study stress, the more the major study stress is, the higher the intention is. The childbirth hope of each average grade appears that grades C, A and B are higher than a grade D. The variables related to employment stress and the recognition about child-care environment and birth policy do not show significant differences from the childbirth intention. In the variables of marriage and hope of having children, the case of wanting to marry, the case of thinking of need of children, the case that general ideal number of children is more than 2, the case that the number of children they hope is more than 2, show that the intention of childbirth is high. The result of this study investigates the variables that influence on low birth rate and can be used for the basic data to understand the national crisis that the society with low birth rate can cause. In addition, it can be useful for the development and implement of public health education to increase the birthrate of college students and for the establishment of effective policy to encourage childbirth.