연령에 따른 한국 여성의 요골 말단 부위의 골밀도

허성은 ( Sung Eun Hur ),정혜원 ( Hye Won Chung ) 대한폐경학회 2003 대한폐경학회지 Vol.9 No.3

요골 말단 부위의 골밀도는 Colles` fracture를 예견하는데 도움이 되며, 다른 axial bone보다 변형이 덜 일어나고 axial bone과의 상관 관계도 비교적 높게 나타나는 부위이면서 손쉽게 측정을 할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국 여성에서 요골 말단 부위의 골밀도를 측정하여, 각 연령군의 골밀도 값과 연령에 따른 관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 한국 여성의 요골 말단부위의 골밀도는 40-49세 사이에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 한국 여성의 요골 말단부위의 골밀도는 연령이 증가함에 따라 50세 까지는 골밀도가 약간 증가하거나 유지되는 정도으 기울기를 가지고 있고, 50세 이후부터는 현저히 감소되는 양상이 보인다. 3. 폐경 전의 요골 말단부위의 골밀도는 년간 0.75% 즉, 10년간 7.5%의 골밀도의 증가를 보여주었고, 폐경 후의 요골 말단부위의 골밀도는 10년간 15.9%의 감소를 보여주어 폐경 후 골밀도의 감소가 증가하였다. 4. 요골 말단 부위의 골밀도를 연령별과 더불어 신장과, 체중 그리고, 연령과 BMI와의 상관 관계를 다중회귀 분석 하였을 때 신장보다는 연령과 체중이 골밀도에 미치는 영향이 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 요골말단 부위의 골밀도는 폐경을 전후로 연령과의 상관관계가 다르게 나타났으며 비교적 이동이 간편하며 측정이 용이하여 지역사회 폐경여성의 골다공증 유병을 연구에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objective : The objective of this study was to clarify the age related difference in bone mineral densitv(BMD) of distal forearm in Korean women. Method: Distal forearm BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in women who visited Ewha Woman`s Universtiy Mock-dong Hospital. The mean age, height and weight were measured, and there was no statistically significant difference in the group of aged over 50 years old and group of aged under 50 years old. Results: The relationship between age and distal forearm BMD is different before and after the age of around 50 years. For the persons of under 50 years of age, BMD slightly increased with age. In contrast, after the 50 years old, BMD steeply decreased with age. The mean age, height and weight and there was no statistically significant difference in the group of aged over 50 years old and group of aged under 50 years old. Conclusion: The BMDs of over 50 years old age group were decreased with age compared to the group of age under the 50 years olds.

고령사회의 노인의 사회참여를 위한 교회의 역할

손의성 ( Sohn Eui Seong ) 한국교회교육·복지실천학회 2019 교회교육·복지실천 연구 Vol.2 No.1

유래를 찾기 어려울 정도로 빠르게 고령사회에 진입한 한국사회는 고령화에 대한 충분한 대비 없이 고령사회를 직면하게 되었다. 그런데 고령사회는 과거의 부정적인 노화 패러다임이 아닌 활동적 노화 패러다임에 기반한 사회이다. 활동적 노화에 기반한 고령사회는 노년층의 적극적인 사회참여를 지향하고 있다. 이러한 사회적 변화에 대해 한국교회는 고령사회에 대한 효과적인 대응을 위해 활동적 노화에 기반한 노인의 사회참여를 증진할 수 있는 대안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고령사회를 맞이하여 노인의 사회참여의 중요성이 부각되고 있는 시대적 요구에 따라 노인의 사회참여를 활성화하기 위한 교회의 역할을 모색하고자 한다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해 먼저, 교회의 노인사역의 필요성을 검토하였으며, 고령사회에서 노인 사역을 위해 교회가 갖추어야 할 조건을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 노인들의 사회참여를 위한 교회의 역할을 모색하기 위해 조직 및 전달체계, 친교활동, 여가활동, 종교활동, 교육활동, 봉사활동, 연령통합 및 지역통합 사역 등 7개 영역으로 구분하여, 영역별로 노인의 사회참여를 위한 교회의 역할을 구체적으로 제시하였다. 이 연구 결과를 통해 교단 본부 및 개교회는 미시적, 중간적, 거시적 차원에서 고령사회에서의 노인의 사회참여 활성화를 위한 실천적 기반을 마련함으로써 한국교회의 시대적 사명을 다할 수 있게 되기를 기대한다. The Korean society, which entered the aged society quickly enough to find its origins, faced an aged society without sufficient preparation for aging. Aged society is not a society based on negative paradigm for aging but a society based on the new paradigm, active aging. Active aging society is aiming aggressive social participation of the elderly. In order to respond effectively to the aged society, the Korean church needs to prepare alternatives to encourage social participation of the elderly based on active aging. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the role of the church in encouraging the social participation of the elderly according to the needs of the aged society. For this research purpose, the necessity of the elder ministry of the church was examined first, and the preconditions for the ministry for the elderly in the aged society were presented. Finally, in order to find out the role of the church for encouraging social participation of the elderly, I divided into 7 domains such as organizing ministry team for the elderly and service delivery system, koinonia activities, leisure activities, religious activities, educational activities, volunteer activities, and have presented the role of the church for social participation of the elderly in each domain. In this study, I hope that Korean churches will be able to fulfill the mission for the elderly by establishing a practical foundation for activating the elderly’s social participation in the aged society at the micro, intermediate and macro level.

高齡化 社會와 人口老齡化의 實態에 關한 考察

吳炳根 서울大學校保健大學院 1991 國民保健硏究所硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.2

Aging society is rapidly progressing. According to the population projections prepared by the National Statistical office, the aging of the population of Korea would be dramatic and probably imprecedented in its speed. In the year 1960, the population aged 65 years and over showed only 3.3% of the total population. In 1990, it becomes 4.7%. According to the above projections, however, it will rise to 6.4% in the year of 2000 and to 12.5% in the year 2020. The old age dependency ratio was only definitely become the first population and social problem in Korea. The present paper describes the demographic aspects of the aging process of Korea and its implications in the fields of economic support of the aged population and of family structure, and the increase of the social security. One of the Korean solutions of aging problems is a capability of domestic care of old parents by their grown-up sons and daughters. But, today, it is not absolutely sure whether such a model can still be effective in the face of the rise of individualism, the enhancement of the status of women and the process of westernization. Finally, the paper presents some of the alternations of how to face and solve the problems of population aging. It discusses a possibility of extending retirement age, initiation of saving in earlier ages, ways of becoming self-independent in economic and social life among the aged, smoother intergenerational transfer of wealth, etc. At the same time, the paper cites some merits of the aging society, particularly low mortality which together with low fertility makes best utilization of human resources.

노화와 피부노화에 대한 고찰

남혜정,김윤범,Nam Hae-jeong,Kim Yoon-bum 대한한의진단학회 2004 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

In Oriental medicine, aging is just a natural process like change of seasons. Ancient Oriental people accepted it as a natural thing to be growing older and to die at last. The science of aging has advanced dramatically. In the last 2 decades, advances in genetics and molecular biology have led to extraordinary new understandings in how cells age, how apoptosis programs cells to die, and how neuroendocrinology plays a role in the lifespan of organisms. Today, the matter of primary concern about aging is a cellular and mitochondrial damage of human body induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS). The skin aging can be divided into two areas, intrinsic(chronologic)-aging and photo-aging. There are lots of photo damage about skin aging. The skin is increasingly exposed to ultraviolet(UV) irradiation in life. Therefore, the risk of photo-oxidative damage of the skin induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS) has increased substantially. Nowadays, many people believe that they can stop or at least delay the process of aging. There are lots of treatments that promise to slow the process of aging and the associated ailments. Many of these treatments, for example, exercise, Vit E, Vit C therapy, hormone therapy, restrict diet, are gradually being subjected to clinical trials. But in spite of all efforts, researches and investigations, there is no single method or treatment which is revealed to be truly effective for delaying progress of aging. Every methods insisted on effect for delaying aging process, has its dark side. All we can do is just keeping ourself healthy until the time of death.

고령자의 고용 장애 요인과 고령인구 활용에 관한 국가별 전략 연구

전상길,권혁남 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2009 국제지역연구 Vol.18 No.2

This study will be an objective analysis and evaluation on strategic approaches for the employment of the aged within advanced countries that are becoming aging societies. Aging society refers to the high portion of the population over the age of 65 and is a concept which refers to the abnormal age structure causing a great influence on societies, both socially and economically. It is not only the main factor which reduces participation in economic activities, but that impedes economic growth by reducing investments and national savings. In addition, an aging society increasingly weakens the financial index of a nation and increases the likelihood of social conflict by reducing the nation's tax revenue and social insurance income levels while causing added expenditures owing to(due to) increased elderly benefit-related costs. Based on the understanding of such problems, this study will investigate the strategic directions which Korea must implement as the nation becomes an aging society. The study seeks to propose directions for strategic development which will adequately respond to the changing environment and social conditions. This study will investigate the factors for socio-political⋅regulatory obstacles and factors for avoiding employment for the elder to show how such factors have been affecting our society as a whole. The strategic approaches of 10 different subject nations are categorized into four types for a comparative analysis in order to propose a comprehensive strategy model. Finally, this study will propose the strategic directions which the Korean government must implement in order to flexibly respond to the changing environment and actively utilize its aging population. The case studies of the 10 countries reveal that Denmark, Finland, Germany, and Japan were implementing an inclusive policy on the aged in order to respond to the society-wide problem of aging. In the case of Finland, it was found that the country was particularly unique for its inclusive public program which has its objectives in overall enhancement of the labor market in terms of its capacity and output. However, as can be seen from the existing case studies of relevant countries, the focus of policy on aging in general has not developed further than that of suppressing costs. Also, several countries strategically focus on and deal with the structural aspect of the issue only partially. For example, France directs attention more narrowly on labor capacity and reallocation while the Netherlands does the same for productivity and labor market flexibility. Still, the reality is that they have yet to draw up an inclusively strategic approach for the entire society/economy. Of course, one can not overlook the fact that this may be due to the distinctive environment in which each country find themselves, but even those countries that see the pressures of aging population permeating the society at large in a dominating way(Italy, Ireland, and Portugal) only seek solutions from the perspective of utilizing the aging population as a response to the phenomenon of aging or are unable to adopt a specific policy or a strategic approach to aging. If one looks at Korea, one can see that the country is progressively building a system for productive aging for the purpose of utilizing the elderly human resources, but this is only in its early stages. Further, it has not been adequately responding to the rapidly changing environment caused by an unprecedented rate at which the phenomenon of aging is transpiring. What is more, due to an absence of effective leadership and deficiency in collective policy making by the relevant government agencies, the country finds itself unable to implement a comprehensive strategic plan that has in its purview the society/economy at large. Recognizing these developments and related problems, the present study has analyzed the extent of aging and the level of strategy for utilization which are observable for each country.... 본 연구는 고령사회에 진입한 선진국들의 고령인구활용에 대한 전략적 접근 사례를 정성적으로 분석하고 평가하고자 한다. 고령화는 총인구 중 65세 이상 고령 인구의 비중이 높아 사회⋅경제적으로 많은 변화와 충격을 줄 만큼 기형적인 연령 구조를 지칭하는 개념으로, 경제활동 참가율을 저하시키는 주요 요인일 뿐 아니라 저축의 감소와 투자를 위축함으로써 경제성장을 둔화시킨다. 또한, 조세수입의 감소 및 사회보험료 세입의 감소와 동시에 노인복지와 관련된 예산 지출을 증가시켜 재정 수지의 악화와 사회적 갈등을 촉발할 가능성이 농후하다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 본 논문은 고령화 사회로 접어든 한국사회가 취해야 할 전략적 방향을 모색하고, 변화하는 환경에 적절하게 대처할 수 있는 전략 개발의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 고령자들의 고용과 활용을 가로막는 요인인 사회정책적⋅제도적 장애, 고령근로자에 대한 고용자의 고용기피 요인, 고령자의 고용 기피요인을 살펴보고 이러한 장애가 사회 전반에 걸쳐 작용하고 있음을 지적하였다. 그리고 이러한 장애를 극복하기 위해 연구대상 10개 국가들은 어떠한 전략적 접근을 시도하고 있는지를 네 가지 군으로 유형화하여 비교 ․ 분석함으로써 고령자 활용을 위한 통합적 전략 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 변화하는 환경에 유연하게 대처하며 적극적인 고령인구의 활용을 위해 취해야할 한국(정부)의 전략적 방향을 제시하였다.

Accuracy of an equation for estimating age from mandibular third molar development in a Thai population

Karune Verochana,Sangsom Prapayasatok,Apirum Janhom,Phattaranant May Mahasantipiya,Narumanas Korwanich 대한영상치의학회 2016 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.46 No.1

Purpose: This study assessed the accuracy of age estimates produced by a regression equation derived from lower third molar development in a Thai population. Materials and Methods: The first part of this study relied on measurements taken from panoramic radiographs of 614 Thai patients aged from 9 to 20. The stage of lower left and right third molar development was observed in each radiograph and a modified Gat score was assigned. Linear regression on this data produced the following equation: Y=9.309+1.673 mG+0.303S (Y=age; mG=modified Gat score; S=sex). In the second part of this study, the predictive accuracy of this equation was evaluated using data from a second set of panoramic radiographs (539 Thai subjects, 9 to 24 years old). Each subject’s age was estimated using the above equation and compared against age calculated from a provided date of birth. Estimated and known age data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics. Results: Ages estimated from lower left and lower right third molar development stage were significantly correlated with the known ages (r=0.818, 0.808, respectively, P≤0.01). 50% of age estimates in the second part of the study fell within a range of error of ±1 year, while 75% fell within a range of error of ±2 years. The study found that the equation tends to estimate age accurately when individuals are 9 to 20 years of age. Conclusion: The equation can be used for age estimation for Thai populations when the individuals are 9 to 20 years of age.

숙성조건이 마늘의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

정윤숙,황경아,김가람,송진,노건민,황인국,Jeong, Yun Sook,Hwang, Kyung-A,Kim, Ga Ram,Song, Jin,Noh, Geon Min,Hwang, In Guk 한국식품영양학회 2015 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

본 연구에서는 숙성 온도와 기간에 따른 마늘의 품질특성변화를 살펴보기 위하여 통마늘을 $60^{\circ}C$에서 60일간, $70^{\circ}C$에서 40일간 숙성 처리하여 pH, 총산도, 갈변도, 5-HMF 함량, fructose 함량, SAC 함량, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 DPPH radical 소거활성 측정하였다. 숙성 온도가 높고 숙성 기간이 길어질수록 마늘의 pH는 감소하고, 총 산도, 갈변도 및 5-HMF 함량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히, 5-HMF 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$ 숙성 처리 시 0.08~3.30 mg/100 g으로 증가량이 적은 반면, $70^{\circ}C$ 숙성 처리 시 0.05~106.07 mg/100 g으로 숙성 25일차부터 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Fructose 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$의 숙성온도에서는 0.77~14.57%으로 지속적으로 증가한 반면, $70^{\circ}C$ 숙성 온도에서는 30일차까지 1.07~19.75%까지 증가 후 15.11%로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. SAC 함량은 생마늘의 경우 48.11 mg/100 g이었으며, $60^{\circ}C$에서 20일 숙성 시 100.50 mg/100 g으로, $70^{\circ}C$에서 5일 숙성 시 85.55 mg/100 g까지 증가한 후 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 SAC 함량은 감소하였다. 생마늘의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 98.38 mg/100 g이었고, $60^{\circ}C$ 숙성 처리 시 591.82 mg/100 g까지, $70^{\circ}C$ 숙성 처리 시에는 665.22 mg/100 g까지 생마늘에 비해 각각 6.01배 및 6.67배 증가하였다. DPPH radical 소거활성의 경우, 숙성 온도가 높고 숙성 기간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 마늘 섭취가 용이하고 항산화 활성이 우수한 숙성 마늘 제조를 위해서는 $70^{\circ}C$에서 30일, 숙성 마늘의 유효성분인 SAC의 다량 생산을 위해서는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 숙성 처리하는 하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단되며, 이상의 결과는 항산화 효과가 강화 및 SAC 함량 증진 등 선택적인 숙성 마늘의 제조에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics such as pH, total acidity, browning index, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), fructose, S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), total polyphenol, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of aged garlic at different aging temperatures and periods. Aging temperature and period had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the quality characteristics of garlic. The pH in aged garlic significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing aging temperatures and periods, while the total acidity, browning index, and 5-HMF levels increased. The 5-HMF levels in garlic aged at 60 and $70^{\circ}C$ increased from 0.08~3.30 and from 0.05~106.07 mg/100 g, respectively. The fructose content in garlic aged at $60^{\circ}C$ gradually increased from 0.77 to 14.57%, while that of garlic aged at $70^{\circ}C$ increased from 1.07 to 19.75% until day 30, after which it decreased. The SAC level in raw garlic was 47.09 mg/100 g. The SAC contents of aged garlic differed significantly according to aging temperature and period. The SAC levels in garlic aged at $60^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ were in the range of 15.28~100.5 and 12.41~85.55 mg/100 g, respectively. The total polyphenol contents of garlic aged at $60^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ were 6.01 and 6.67 fold higher, respectively, than those in raw garlic. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of aged garlic also showed a tendency to increase during aging.

주요국 노인복지관련법의 비교법적 검토

노재철 단국대학교법학연구소 2013 법학논총 Vol.37 No.2

Legislation policy of welfare for the aged by population aging is becoming important problem. This study reserched that Germany, Japan, France examine how responded welfare for the aged by Corresponding countermeasures by law and would like to derive problems on legislation policy and reflect to our country welfare act for the aged. Welfare legislation act for the aged have close connection with each country in society?politics?economy?culture. Because the traditional cultural custom and systematic difference in every country differs, there is limit to objectively compare welfare act for the aged of every country. Basically, France and Germany do active policy intervention of the country with welfare legislation on social security, but our country and Japan are principally the responsibility with family and individual. Every country have the restriction on welfare cost for the aged. In the case of public assistance, we have experienced that general welfare policy brought the results finance aggravation in some European country, therefore we must base on selective welfare policy. Public pension need to improve system based on intergenerational dependent elements with strong element in the generation of pay-as-you-go. Welfare system for the aged of our country is low in the level of comprehensive benefit than advanced nation and limited in the target. Welfare act for the aged have to be effective in a manner that problems of the aged recognize distinctively and compose new rights, and be expanded step-by-step in a variety of aspects. That is, there are the need of enlargement enforcement for housing welfare, medical treatment welfare, education welfare for the aged, funeral ceremonies welfare, furtherance of living environments for the aged etc. For example, Korea should be considered for the introduction of the introduction of Japan's "Act to secure stable residence for the aged", "Act to secure the health for the aged", "Act of medical treatment security for the aged", "ct on elder abuse prevention and support for elderly dependents" etc. And our country need the legislation policy for connection jobs policy and pension policy. And our country be considered "Growth and Employment Promotion Act" for the educational welfare of the aged in Germany, "adult guardianship system" for the living environment of the aged, "Act on the promotion of physical disability, such as facilitation of travel by public transport for the aged", in Japan etc. And to expand social welfare to grave by sequence of life, our country be considered the "cemetery and cemetery management Act", "property management Act for the aged", "replacement or complementary of property Act for the aged" in Germany, etc.

고령자가 인지하는 지역환경의 고령친화정도 - 일본 나가사키 지역의 물리적 환경을 중심으로 -

김수영 ( Kim Soo Young ),배용준 ( Bae Yong Jun ),오찬옥 ( Oh Chan Ohk ) 디자인융복합학회 2016 디자인융복합연구 Vol.15 No.5

본 연구는 일본 나가사키시 지역에 거주하는 고령자가 거주지역의 물리적환경을 어느 정도 고령친화적이라고 인지하고 있으며 이는 고령자의 특성에 따라 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 파악하기 위한 것이다. 조사대상은 일본나가사키시에 거주하는 60세 이상 고령자 96명이었으며 조사내용은 고령자와 관련된 근린생활시설의 위치와, 보행로, 교통, 노인공동주택의 제공정도, 주택 내부공간, 주택 내부공간의 휠체어 사용편리성의 5개 영역으로 구성된 지역환경의 고령친화도이다. 자료수집은 일대일 면접조사방법으로 하였다. 조사결과, 첫째, 고령자의 일상생활과 밀접한 관련이 있는 대부분의 근린생활시설들이 도보거리 내에 있거나 버스로 10분 이내의 비교적 가까운 거리내에 위치하고 있었다. 둘째, 지역환경의 5개 영역 중 교통환경과 주택 내부공간, 보행로 영역은 전반적으로 고령친화적으로 되어 있는 반면 노인주택의 제공정도와 주택 내부공간의 휠체어 사용편리성은 다소 미흡하였다. 셋째, 조사대상 고령자의 특성 중 성별과 학력에 따라서는 지역환경의 고령친화도에 대한 인지가 유의미하게 차이를 보였다. The study examined how age-friendly their living environments the aged perceived and it’s significant difference depending on their characteristics. The subject were 96 old persons who aged more than 60 years and lived in Nagasaki city, Japan. They asked how far each neighborhood facility related to the aged was located from their houses, and the age-friendliness of walk way, traffic, multi-family houses for the aged, and interior space of their living houses. Data were collected by using one to one interview. Results were as follows: 1) Most neighborhood facilities related to the aged were located within a walking distance or 10 min. distance by bus from their houses. 2) Among 5 areas of living environments, while traffic, house interior, and pedestrians road were relatively age-friendly, the amount of multi-unit dwellings for the elderly and the usability of wheelchair users in house interior were not age-friendly. 3) Age and education level of the aged influenced on the age-friendliness of their living environments.

Effects of aging-induced obesity on the transcriptional expression of adipogenesis and thermogenic activity in the gonadal white adipose, brown adipose, and skeletal muscle tissues

권인수,Nurul Fatihah Talib,JunShu Zhu,양형인,김경수 한국운동영양학회 2023 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.27 No.2

[Purpose] Aging is closely associated with chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity, which lead to increased adiposity, skeletal muscle wasting, and imbalanced cellular energy metabolism. However, transcriptional profiles representing energy imbalances in aging-induced obesity are not fully understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the candidate genes predominantly regulated in aging-related obesity in spontaneously aged mice. [Methods] Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three age groups according to age: 2- (young), 12- (middle-aged), and 24- (old) months. Body weight and body composition parameters were measured in all mice. Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle (SM) were dissected and weighed. The target tissues were assessed using biochemical and histological assays. [Results] Aging-induced obesity increased adipose mass and decreased SM weight through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy; however, recruitment of modulating adipogenesis-inducing transcription factors did not occur. Among adipokines, leptin level was greatly increased in the gWAT during aging. Interestingly, the β2-adrenergic receptor had a higher affinity than the β3-adrenergic receptor in aging-induced obesity. For the thermogenic regulation through β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), a declined uncoupling protein-1 (UCP- 1) in the BAT was relevant to aging-induced obesity. [Conclusion] Aging-induced obesity increases leptin levels in adipocytes and decreases UCP-1 in BAT through β-ARs, according to transcriptional gene profiling. WAT browning increases energy expenditure due to exercise training adaptations. Further research is needed to discover more effective methods, such as exercise, against aging-induced obesity.