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김가람,황새미,김성민,박성우,정윤재,정일엽 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.6
Neutrophils and eosinophils, 2 prominent granulocytes, are commonly derived from myelocytic progenitors through successive stages in the bone marrow. Our previous genome-wide transcriptomic data unexpectedly showed that genes encoding a multitude of neutrophil primary granule proteins (NPGPs) were markedly downregulated during the end period of eosinophilic terminal differentiation when cord blood (CB) cluster of differentiation (CD) 34+ cells were induced to differentiate toward the eosinophil lineage during a 24-day culture period. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine whether NPGP genes were expressed on the way to eosinophil terminal differentiation stage and to compare their expression kinetics with that of genes encoding eosinophil-specific granule proteins (ESGPs). Transcripts of all NPGP genes examined, including proteinase 3, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G (CTSG), and neutrophil elastase, reached a peak at day 12 and sharply declined thereafter, while transcript of ESGP genes including major basic protein 1 (MBP1) attained maximum expression at days 18 or 24. Growth factor independent 1 (GFI1) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPA), transactivators for the NPGP genes, were expressed immediately before the NPGP genes, whereas expression of C/EBPA, GATA1, and GATA2 kinetically paralleled that of eosinophil granule protein genes. The expression kinetics of NPGPs and ESGPs were duplicated upon differentiation of the eosinophilic leukemia cell line (EoL-1) immature eosinophilic cells. Importantly, confocal image analysis showed that CTSG was strongly coexpressed with MBP1 in differentiating CB eosinophils at days 12 and 18 and became barely detectable at day 24 and beyond. Our results suggest for the first time the presence of an immature stage where eosinophils coexpress NPGPs and ESGPs before final maturation.
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김가람,진용미 한국디자인문화학회 2019 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.25 No.4
Self-respect and appearance satisfaction are a big part of modern people in accordance with changing social perceptions. Accordingly, the study aims to find out the impact of beauty-consumption behavior on self-respect and appearance satisfaction among 313 men and women living in the Seoul area and create new marketing to enhance self-respect and appearance satisfaction. The content and results of this study were first found that the demographic characteristics were more than 3 million won for women, those in their 20s and under 30s, college students/graduates, single, professional, and average monthly income. Second, beauty consumption behaviors were classified as three factors: positive self-esteem, negative self-esteem, relationship with others, self-improvement, satisfaction by others, and desire to improve appearance. Third, after looking into the effect of beauty consumption behavior on self-esteem, the more positive the tendency is towards practical pursuit, the less negative the self is, the more self improvement is, and the more the tendency towards individual pursuit, the less positive the positive self is. Fourth, finding out the effect of beauty consumption behavior on appearance satisfaction, it was found that the higher the propensity to pursue practicality, the lower the satisfaction level by oneself, the higher the satisfaction level by others, and the higher the tendency by individual pursuit, the higher the satisfaction level by oneself, and the desire to improve appearance. Based on these results, the Commission confirmed that it should strive to improve perceptions that focus on creating mass while enhancing their value by providing differentiated services through 1:1 marketing to find and highlight the strengths and appeal of consumers, and that each modern person’s differentiated diversity and characteristics lead to the creation of popular trends. Therefore, we expect this study to be used in marketing and service provision of beauty care. 변화하는 사회적 인식에 따라 현대인들에게 자아존중감과 외모만족도는 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이에따라 본 연구는 서울 지역에 거주하는 남녀 313명을대상으로 미용소비행동이 자아존중감과 외모만족도에미치는 영향을 알아보고 자아존중감과 외모만족도를높이기 위한 새로운 마케팅을 창출하고자 한다. 본 연구의 내용 및 결과는 첫째, 인구통계학적 특성은 여성, 20세 이상~30세 미만, 대학교 재학/졸업, 미혼, 전문직, 평균 월 소득은 300만원 이상이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 미용소비행동은 감정적소비, 상황적소비로 2가지 요인, 자아존중감은 긍정적자아, 부정적자아, 타인관계, 자아개선으로 4가지 요인, 외모만족도는 자신에 의한 만족도, 타인에 의한 만족도, 외모개선욕구로 3가지 요인으로 분류되었다. 셋째, 미용소비행동이 자아존중감에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과 감정적소비에 대한 성향이 높을수록 긍정적자아, 부정적자아는 감소하고 자아개선은 증가하며, 상황적소비에 대한 성향이 높을수록 긍정적자아는 감소한다. 넷째, 미용소비행동이 외모만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과 감정적소비에 대한 성향이 높을수록 자신에 의한 만족도는 감소하고 타인에 의한 만족도는 증가하며, 상황적소비에 대한 성향이 높을수록 자신에의한 만족도, 타인에 의한 만족도는 증가하고 외모개선욕구는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 1:1 마케팅을 통해 소비자의 장점과 매력을 찾아서 부각되게 하는 솔루션을 제시하여 차별화 된 서비스를 제공하고 현대인 각자의차별화된 다양성과 특성들이 대중적인 트렌드 창출로이어지게 하여 각자의 가치를 높이면서도 대중성을동시에 창출하는 것에 중점을 두는 인식개선에 노력해야 함을 확인하였다. 따라서 미용업의 마케팅과 서비스 제공에 본 연구가 활용되기를 기대한다.
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