가구주 근로유형과 가계저축

심영(Shim, Young) 한국소비문화학회 2012 소비문화연구 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 예비적 저축행동 이론의 관점에서 가구주 근로유형이 가계저축에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 근로유형별 가계저축에 미치는 영향 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 실증분석 자료는 2009년도 한국복지패널조사(KOWEPS) 자료로, 가구주 근로유형이 상용직과 비상용직(임시직, 일용직, 공공근로)인 가계로 한정하여 2009년도 한국복지패널조사 가구 총 6,207가구 중 2,463가구를 본 연구의 실증분석에 사용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 가구주의 근로유형은 가계저축에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 예비적 저축행동 이론에서 제시하는 기대와는 일치하지 않았다. 즉, 상용직 가구주 가계가 임시직, 일용직 혹은 공공근로의 비상용직 가구주 가계보다 더 많은 예비적 저축을 하였고, 나아가 더 많은 예비적 자산을 축적하는 것으로 나타났다. 가구주 근로유형별 가계저축에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 가구주 근로유형별로 영향 요인 및 정도에 차이가 존재하기는 하였으나 주로 월평균 총소비지출, 부채 유무, 순자산, 빈곤 여부, 가구원수, 기초보장 유무가 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여기에서 특히 주목할 만한 것은 예비적 저축에 대한 기초보장의 정적 영향이었다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a householder's working type on household saving from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior theory and the determinants of household saving by householder's working type. The data for this study was from the 2009 year of the Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS), consisting of 2,463 households with householders whose working type was regular or non-regular employment(temporary, daily or public work). OLS regression analyses and Chow-tests were performed. In the regression analyses, the dependent variables for household saving were precautionary saving and precautionary asset. Precautionary saving was operationalized with the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving to average monthly disposable income, and precautionary asset was operationalized with the amount of financial assets and the ratio of financial assets to net assets. The independent variables were household income, household assets, householder's working type(regular, non-regular), householder's age, sex, education level and marriage status, income level, the number of household members, housing type, debt, and public transfer income. Monthly average total consumption expenditures for household income, and net assets for household assets, the existence of spouse for marriage status, poverty for income level were used. Public transfer income was classified into three, social insurance, basic assistance and government assistance. For the analyses, Stata 11.0 version was used. The results are as follows: Householder's working type was significantly related to the precautionary saving behavior of a household. However, the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type was lower than those of a household with a householder in regular working type. This result is not consistent with the expectation from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior that the saving of a household with a householder in non-regular working type is expected to be higher than that of a household with a householder in regular working type. According to the analyses of the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type, monthly average total consumption expenditures, debt, net assets, poverty, the number of household members, basic assistance were statistically significant variables. The positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving) is a noteworthy result in the analyses of the determinants for household saving by householder's working type. The above results suggest the followings. First, it is easy to predict the unstability of economic life of a household with a householder in non-regular working type because of relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset. The reason for the low precautionary saving and the low precautionary asset may be a low current income of the household in spite of its willingness to save. If this reasoning is possible, it suggests that policies are needed for households with householders in non-regular working type to save. Second, the relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type suggest also their long-term economic stability. This suggests they need to try a long-term financial planning even though they have limitations to save for future because of their low current income. It is necessary to develop the financial planning for the households with unstable incomes. Third, the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type were mostly the ones which reflect the economic condition of a household. This suggests that the economic condition of a household is a core factor for household saving.

국민건강영양조사(2013-2014년) 자료에 근거한 가구원수별 구성원의 영양상태 및 대사증후군 유병율 평가

이진영,최수경,서정숙 대한지역사회영양학회 2019 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objectives: This study evaluated the nutritional status and prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the people who participated in the KNHANES according to the number of household members. They were assessed by using information from the 2013∼2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: A total of 6,088 persons aged 19 years and over participated in 2013∼2014 KNHANES, and they were classified into three groups according to the number of household members (single-person, two-person, three-person & over). The dietary behavior, nutritional status, health-related factors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the subjects were investigated with using information from the survey questionnaires of KNHANES. The nutrient intake data of the subjects were obtained by the 24-hour recall method and this was analyzed for evaluating the nutrition adequacy ratio and the index of nutritional quality. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the subjects, and according to the study groups, was estimated using the blood and physical measurement data of the subjects. Results: As for EQ-5D index available for all the health states generated by the EQ-5D descriptive system, the single-person household member was the lowest among all the household types. The index of nutrition quality for protein, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin and vitamin C in the single-person household was lower than that of the two-person or the three-person and over households (p<0.001). The mean adequacy ratio of single-person households was significantly decreased compared with that of the other types of households (p<0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in the single-person households than that in the multiple-person households (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results showed that dietary behaviors, nutrition status and health status might be influenced by the number of household members. The results from this study would be useful for improving Korean people’s dietary life and health status by implementing evidence-based, specialized intervention for the members of diverse types of households.

가계부채 문제에 관한 분석 : 미시자료를 중심으로

유경원 한국은행 2009 經濟分析 Vol.15 No.4

Using the recent survey of household finance in Korea, we found the following characteristics of household debt. Firstly, debt to income ratio seems to be sound in Korea at the household level although the share of seemingly risky households is around 5% and they are distributed evenly in all income groups. Secondly, most households have more financial assets than their own debt holdings but the risky households in their portfolio are also found in most income groups. Thirdly, based on some suggested standards to evaluate financial health of households, about 3% of households are estimated as risky in their debt level although more than 80% of households seems to be sound in their portfolio. Lastly, we explore the determinants of debt and financial asset accumulation at household level using the household survey data. Given that debt and assets are both components of household's financial portfolio, we explore the degree of inter-dependence between households' assets and debts by jointly modelling theses two aspects of the portfolio with bivariate Tobit model. Our empirical findings support a negative inter-dependence between debts and financial assets holding although a high degree positive inter-dependence between debts and total assets including the housing assets. 지금까지 가계부채 문제에 대한 접근 내지 이와 관련된 가계의 채무상환능력에 대한 평가는 주로 총량(aggregate) 개념에 입각하여 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 총량개념의 가계 채무상환능력 평가는 가구의 상이한 특성을 고려하지 못하는 한계를 내포하고 있다. 이와 같은 측면에서 가계부채에 관한 미시자료를 활용한 분석이 거시지표 분석과 함께 이루어질 필요가 있으며 이를 통해 가계부문의 재무건전성에 대한 보다 정확한 평가가 이루어질 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 부채 및 자산관련 가계자료를 이용하여 가계의 채무상환능력을 살펴보고 자산과 부채 간 관계를 실증분석하였다. 본고에서 발견한 가계부채 관련한 주요 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소득측면에서 소득 대비 부채비율이 평균적으로는 양호하지만 위험가구의 비중이 5%나 되고 이러한 가구는 저소득계층뿐만 아니라 고소득계층에도 분포되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 금융자산 대비 부채비율이 전체적으로는 1배 이하이지만 금융자산에 비해 부채가 과도하게 많은 가구가 全소득계층에 걸쳐 분포하고 있다. 셋째, 소득 대비 부채 비율과 금융자산 대비 부채 비율을 동시에 감안하는 경우 약 80%의 가구가 안정적인 것으로 평가되지만 약 3%의 가구는 두 지표가 모두 높은 것으로 파악되었다. 한편 실증분석 결과, 부채와 자산보유를 동시에 고려할 경우 부채가 많은 가구가 금융자산을 적게 보유하고 있는 반면 부동산 자산을 포함하는 경우에는 부채가 많을수록 총자산의 규모도 큰 것으로 추정되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 부채규모가 큰 가구의 경우 금융자산 규모가 작아 유동성 측면에서 재무건전성이 취약할 수 있음을 시사한다. 그리고 이러한 추정결과는 부채의 크기가 부동산 구입 등과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 의미하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

가계의 종합적 특성을 고려한 연체위험 분석

김영일 통계청 2019 통계연구 Vol.24 No.4

This study analyzes households’ debt delinquency risk using household level data. Estimation of the delinquency probability model using the Survey of Household Finances and Living Conditions released by Statistics Korea shows that the delinquency risk of households are strongly associated with households’ characteristics. In addition, the effects of household characteristics on delinquency risk are also affected by other areas of household characteristics. These results suggest that households’ delinquency risk is closely related to the composite characteristics of households. Furthermore, the characteristics of the households with high risk of delinquency are found to be very similar to the characteristics of poor families or vulnerable groups. In order to establish effective countermeasures against household debt risk, we may need a comprehensive system of policy responses covering the welfare and social policy aspects rather than a partial area of policy measures confined to financial policy tools. This study, which analyzed the relationship between the composite characteristics of households and the delinquency risk, may contribute to expanding the horizons of existing research that mostly focused on individual borrowers or household characteristics in certain partial areas. 본 연구는 가구자료를 이용하여 가계의 채무불이행 위험을 분석하고 있다. 통계청의 가계금융·복지조사 자료를 이용하여 연체확률모형을 추정한 결과 가구 간 연체위험의 차이는 제 가구특성에따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 해당 가구특성이 연체위험에 미치는 효과는 다른 가구특성 요인에 의해서도 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 가계의 채무불이행 위험이 가구특성의 복합적인 상호작용에 의해 설명될 수 있음을 시사한다. 한편 연체위험이 높은 가구의특성은 빈곤가구 또는 경제적 취약계층의 특성과 상당히 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 가계부채에 대한 효과적인 대응책을 마련하기 위해서는 금융 등의 특정 영역에 국한된 단면적인 정책수단 보다는 복지·사회정책의 관점까지 아우르는 종합적인 정책대응체계가 필요함을시사한다. 가구의 복합적인 특성과 연체위험 간 관련성을 분석한 본 연구는 채무자 개인 또는특정 영역의 가구특성에 초점을 두었던 기존 연구의 지평을 넓히는 데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

Female Heads of Households Registered in Korea’s Census Registers Between the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries and Their Historical Significance

Kyungran Kim(김경란) 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2018 International Journal of Korean History Vol.23 No.2

일반적으로 한국의 전통시대 여성은 국가의 公的 영역에서 배제된 것으로 이해되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 인식은 선험적인 것이며, 국가의 운영상 여성의 역할이 필요한 부분이 존재하였다. 이에 따라 국가에서는 여성에게 公的인 역할을 부여하고자 하였고, 대표적인 것이 여성이 戶의 대표자인 主戶가 되었다는 사실이다. 주로 “寡婦戶”로 파악되었던 여성주호는 “王政”이라는 이념적 측면에서 국가의 일차적 진휼대상이었다. 따라서 이들에 대한 파악은 民의 최소한의 존립기반을 마련해 주어야 한다는 입장에서 이루어졌다. 하지만 이들은 賦稅 부담을 할 수 없는 虛戶였기 때문에 국가의 재정이 악화될 우려가 있었다. 이 때문에 조선 정부는 여성이 호의 대표자로 서는 것을 어쩔 수 없는 임시적 조치로 설정하고, 그것을 억제하고자 했다. 이와 같이 여성주호는 戶籍上에 임시적이고 제한적 성격을 가지고 있었으나, 한편으로 그것이 현실적으로 가족 가운데 여성이 가지는 지위가 높기 때문이든, 국가의 공적인 부담을 회피하기 위해서든, 국가에 대한 여성의 공적 역할이 증대한 측면을 무시할 수 없다. 이 사실은 억압되어 암흑의 시대를 산다고 여겨지기도 한 전통사회 여성의 사회적, 국가적 위상에 대해 再考해야 함을 의미한다. Generally, women in traditional Korea were thought to have been excluded from the public arena of the state. However, such perception is based on a stereotype that women were confined to the private arena within families. In fact, parts of state administration in Chosŏn Korea required women‟s participation. The state granted women public roles, one of which was allowing them to be heads of households. Female heads of households, who were mostly widow heads of households (kwabuho, 寡婦戶), were primary beneficiaries of the state‟s relief policies under the ideology of virtue-centered royal regime. Therefore the state took a count of these female heads of households in order to provide the basic needs for their livelihood. However, since most of these households were poor and could not pay taxes, their existence threatened the state‟s finances. Because of this, the Chosŏn government only granted temporary householder positions to women and attempted to contain their number. As this study illustrates, female heads of households in census registers were temporary and limited in nature. Women were able to become heads of households because sometimes they occupied higher status in their families or because they tried to avoid the public burden placed on their household. Regardless of the reason, however, it is important to note that women did fulfill important public roles for the state as heads of households. This evidence suggests the need to reexamine the status of women in traditional Korean society, who have been considered to be oppressed and living in the dark ages.

가구 기반 모형을 활용한 서울시 주택수요 추정에 관한 연구

조창익,정득 동국대학교 사회과학연구원 2023 사회과학연구 Vol.30 No.2

Based on the household-based (HB) model, this study empirically demonstrate the detailed procedure of housing demand estimation for self-owned and rental households in Seoul. In designing the demand estimation model, 6,891 ordinary households of the Residential Living Situation Survey Data (2020) were adopted. In addition, the number of households, annual income, and annual housing costs of self-owned and rental households were calculated from the various data sources such as National Statistical Office, Korea Real Estate Agency, and Bank of Korea. The study results show that the housing demand in Seoul was estimated to be 73,810 self-owned households along with 108,566 rental households in 2027. Among new self-owned households, the proportions of 2person and 3person households were higher at respective 32.7% and 23.4%, and among new rental households, the proportion of 1person households was significantly higher at 65.5%. These results indicate that the household structure of Seoul is rapidly changing centered on singleperson households, and it means that a housing supply policy centered on housing consumers rather than volumecentered in housing supply should be prepared and implemented. In particular, housing demand of singleperson households responds more sensitively to housing costs than income, and rental households have much higher proportion of housing costs than household income, so the Seoul Metropolitan Government should grasp the scale and plan and prepare realistic support and public housing for realizing housing welfare. 본 연구는 가구 기반 모델(HB 모형)을 활용하여 서울시의 자가가구와 임차가구에 대한 주택수요 추정의 세부적 절차 과정을 실증적으로 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 주택수요 추정 모델을설계하기 위해 주거실태조사(2020)의 서울시 일반가구 6,891호를 활용하였으며, 통계청, 한국부동산원, 한국은행 등에서 제공하는 2016~2020년도 자료를 통해 자가가구와 임차가구의 가구 형태별 가구 수, 연간 소득, 연간 주거비를 산출하고 HB 모형에 적용한 결과, 2027년도에자가가구 73,810호, 임차가구 108,566호가 추정되었다. 신규 자가가구 가운데 2인 가구와 3인가구의 비중이 각각 32.7%와 23.4%로 높은 반면, 신규 임차가구는 1인 가구가 65.5%로 월등히 높은 비중을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과는 서울시의 가구 구조가 1인 가구를 중심으로 빠르게 변화되고 있음을 보인 것이며, 주택공급에 있어서 물량 중심의 주택공급이 아닌 주택수요자중심의 정책이 마련되고 실행되어야 함을 의미한다. 특히 1인 가구의 주택수요가 소득보다 주거비용에 더 민감하게 반응하고, 임차가구는 가구소득에 비해 주거비용의 비중이 매우 높으므로, 서울시는 그 규모를 파악하여 주거복지 실현을 위한 현실적인 지원과 공공주택을 계획하고마련해야 할 것이다.

한국 식품 미보장 현황 및 특성

김기랑 ( Kirang Kim ),김미경 ( Mi Kyung Kim ),신영전 ( Young-jeon Shin ) 한국보건사회연구원 2009 保健社會硏究 Vol.29 No.2

이 연구는 2007년도 한국복지패널자료의 식품 보장 측정 지표를 활용하여 국내 식품 미보장 수준을 조사하고 식품 미보장 가구의 특성을 파악하고자 수행하였다. 국내 식품 미보장은 5.4%로 다른 서구산업국가와 비교했을 때, 상대적으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. 식품 미보장은 가구와 가구주의 특성에 따른 차이를 보였는데, 국민기초생활보장 수급가구, 소년소녀가장가구, 한 부모 가구, 독거노인 가구, 저소득 가구 등과 같은 취약 계층의 특성들을 갖고 있는 가구에서는 적게는 13% 많게는 27%의 높은 비율을 보였다. 가구주가 여자 또는 노인이고, 교육 수준이 낮고, 만성질환이 있고, 장애인이거나 직업이 없는 경우, 식품 미보장을 경험할 확률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 식품 미보장을 경험하고 있는 가구 중 식품 지원 서비스를 받고 있는 가구는 전체 가구가 7.6%, 노인 가구가 16.4%, 아동 가구가 56.9%였고, 식품 지원 서비스를 받은 경험이 있는 가구에서 식품 미보장을 경험하고 있는 가구는 전체 가구가 29.3%, 노인 가구는 45.7%, 아동 가구는 13.1%였다. 결론적으로 국내 식품 미보장은 사회 경제적으로 취약한 가구 및 노인 가구에서 뚜렷하게 나타났으며 이들에 대한 식품 지원 서비스의 접근성은 낮았고, 이러한 서비스에 대한 효과도 미약한 것으로 나타났다. Recently, food insecurity has arisen as an issue in Korean society because of the limited access to food particularly for the socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity and its characteristics, using the third waves of Korean Welfare Panel Data. The prevalence of food insecurity was 5.4%, relatively lower than in advanced Western countries. The prevalence of food insecurity varied significantly across household types and householder`s characteristics. The socioeconomically disadvantaged households had a 13% to 27% higher prevalence of food insecurity. The households headed by women, elderly, unemployed person, or people with low education level, chronic disease or disability, were more likely to be food insecure. The food insecure households had low participation in food assistance programs (7.6% total households, 16.4% for elderly households, 56.9% for households with children) and among the households participating in food assistance programs, the prevalence of food insecurity was 29.3% for total households, 45.7% for elderly households, 13.1% for households with children. In conclusion, the problem of food insecurity was apparent in socioeconomically disadvantaged households and elderly households, In addition, the access to food assistance programs for these households was low and the programs` effect was modest. Further, the trend of food insecurity needs to investigate to provide evidence for developing a food policy related to food insecurity, using persistent monitoring and longitudinal analysis through the Korean Welfare Panel Study.

가구 형태에 따른 성인의 음주 행태 분석: 제6기국민건강영양조사를 중심으로

정명철,최다혜,이태영,안영인,박성지,장훈,심근효 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Practice Vol.9 No.3

Background: Previous studies have revealed an association between health behavior and household type; moreover, there have been debates on the relation between drinking behavior and household type. Therefore, we examined drinking behavior of one-person households and compared the differences with multi-person households. Methods: This study analyzed 8,966 participants, aged 19 years or older, in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013, 2015). All participants were categorized into one- and multi-person households. The general characteristics were extracted using a chi-square test, and the risk of drinking behavior of one-person households was analyzed via multiple logistic regression. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the drinking behavior of men by household type. However, the risks of binge and problem drinking were 3.242 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.624–6.471) and 2.488 times (95% CI, 1.097–5.642) higher, respectively, in one-person household women than in multi-person household members aged between 19 and 39 years. Furthermore, the risk of problem drinking was 2.266 times (95% CI, 1.126–4.561) higher in one-person household women than in multi-person household members aged between 40 and 64 years. Conclusion: Considering the increasing trend of one-person households, follow-up studies on drinking behavior of one-person households are needed; the findings of these studies need to be used to prevent alcohol-related diseases and socio-economic problems. 연구배경: 가구 형태가 건강 행태에 영향을 미친다는 연구들이 있었고 음주 행태와 관련된 논의도 있었지만 연관성이 불분명하였다. 이에 1인 가구 성인의 음주 행태를 확인해 보고, 다인 가구와의 차이점을 비교 분석해 보았다. 방법: 제6기 국민건강영양조사(2013, 2015년)에 참여한 19세 이상 성인 8,966명을 대상으로 하였다. 1인 가구와 다인 가구로 분류한 후 복합표본 교차분석을 시행하여 일반적 특성을 알아보고, 연령군과 성별에 따라 복합표본 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 1인 가구의 음주 행태 위험도를 알아보았다. 결과:남성은 1인 가구의 음주 행태가 다인 가구에 비해 통계적으로유의한 차이가 없었으나 여성은 19세에서 39세까지 1인 가구가 다인가구에 비해 폭음을 할 위험이 3.242배(95% CI, 1.624–6.471) 높았고,문제 음주를 할 위험이 2.488배(95% CI, 1.097–5.642) 높았으며, 40세에서 64세까지 1인 가구가 다인 가구에 비해 문제 음주를 할 위험이2.266배(95% CI, 1.126–4.561) 높았다. 결론: 1인 가구가 증가하는 추세를 생각해 볼 때 1인 가구의 음주 행태에 관한 후속 연구가 필요하며 이를 음주로 인한 질병이나 사회경제적 문제 예방에 활용 할 필요가 있다.

18세기 호적상 ‘主戶’의 존재 양태와 戶의 모습에 대한 일고찰

張慶俊(Jang Kyung-Jun) 부산경남사학회 2008 역사와 경계 Vol.67 No.-

This study examined the pattern of the household heads and the actual state of households through the comparison of the 1714 Daegu Joambang Hojeok(family register) and the 1720 Daegu Joambang Yangan(government register). In order to investigate the actual state of households it looked into the principles to investigate households and the principles to compose a household. To begin with, the comparison of household heads in the Hojeok and the family heads in the Yangan found that 102 household heads in the Hojeok (54.8%) are also registered as family heads in the Yangan while the rest 84 household heads(45.2%) are not. When examined based on family heads in the Yangan, 102 family heads in the Yangan (63.4%) are registered as household heads in the Hojeok while the rest 59 heads (36.6%) are not. Although lots of household heads in the Hojeok are also registered as family heads in the Yangan, not a few heads are not. In addition, lots of family heads in the Yangan are not registered as household heads in the Hojeok. Among household heads in the 1714 Hojeok, 102 heads that are also registered as family heads in the 1720 Yangan had an overall good economic ability, and probably were family heads when creating the Hojeok. This sets up the proposition, ‘Household heads in the Hojeok are also family heads in the Yangan.’ The validity of the proposition can be proved through 59 family heads in the Yangan who are not identified as household heads in the Hojeok. The 84 household heads who are not registered as family heads in the Yangan had lower levels of status and economic abilities than the 102 household heads who are identified as family heads in the Yangan. Therefore, the 84 household heads are hardly considered as family heads. Instead, they are considered as the mere owner or tenant of a house. This modifies the proposition, 'Household heads in the Hojeok are also family heads in the Yangan' into the proposition, ‘Household heads in the Hojeok are also a family head or the owner or tenant of a house in the Yangan.’ A household registered in the Hojeok is composed of a household head, the owner or tenant of a house, and his family or those who have dominance-subordination relationships with the household head. Therefore, as the owner or tenant of a house changes through the distribution of the house or selling or purchasing the house, the members of a household in the Hojeok can be removed or added. Actually, those who live separately are registered to belong to the same household while those who live together are registered to belong to different households. This is because the household in the Hojeok is composed based on the ownership or tenantship of a house. In this respect, a household in the Hojeok does not correspond to a household in reality. Nevertheless, it is not appropriate to consider a household in the Hojeok as the result of a complicated formation process in order to balance the total number of households. This is because the removal or addition to a household in the Hojeok, which seem appropriate at fist sight, appears to be a natural result attributed to changes in ownership or tenantship of a house. Therefore, according to the nation's principles to investigate households, the household in the Hojeok is considered as a legal procedure to grasp the owner or tenant of a house in reality.

장애유형별 주택소비 특성에 관한 실증 연구

이상진,정의철 한국직업재활학회 2011 職業再活硏究 Vol.21 No.3

This paper analyzes housing tenure and housing demand decisions of households with disabilities. Our focus is on the differential effects of disability types on household's housing decisions. Using data from 2009 Korean Welfare Panel Study(KWPS), housing tenure choice and housing demand models are estimated. Our estimation results on housing tenure choice show that there exist differential effects of disability types; These effects occur not only from disability types themselves but also from the level of net wealth accumulated by households with different disability types. The probability of homeownership is the lowest for households with Visual Impairments. The impact of net wealth on homeownership probability is the highest for households with Hearing and Speech Impairments. We did not find out any differential effect of household income by disability types on homeownership probability. The estimation results on housing demand reveal that housing demand is the lowest for households with Hearing and Speech Impairments among home owners and households with Physical Disabilities and Brain Impairments among renters. It is found that the differential effects of net wealth by disability types partly exist in housing demand decisions; In the case of home owners, the impact of net wealth on housing demand is the highest for households with Visual Impairments, and in the case of renters, the impact exists for households with Physical Disabilities and Brain Impairments. These results imply that net wealth is the key factor which causes differences of housing tenure and housing demand among households with disabilities. Also in the sense that net wealth is the major variable which increases housing comsumption levels and that net wealth can be accumulated by household working activities and the saving efforts, policies to improve employment stability and work conditions of households with disabilities should be pursued. 본 연구에서는 전통적인 주택선택 이론에 기초하여 장애인 가구의 장애유형별 차별성에 초점을 두어 주택점유형태 선택과 주택수요 의사결정에 대해 분석하였다. 한국보건사회연구원의 제4차 한국복지패널 자료를 이용하여 실증 분석을 수행한 결과 장애인 가구의 주택점유형태 결정에서는 장애유형별로 차별적인 효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 차별적인 효과는 장애유형 자체의 영향뿐 아니라, 순자산이 주택소유 확률에 미치는 영향이 장애유형별로 다르기 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 추정 결과에 따르면 시각 장애 가구의 주택소유 확률이 가장 낮았으며, 그 다음 지체 및 뇌병변 장애 가구로 나타났다. 순자산이 주택소유 확률에 미치는 효과는 청각 및 언어장애 가구가 가장 높았으며, 지체 및 뇌병변장애 가구가 그 다음으로 높았다. 그러나 소득의 주택소유 확률에 미치는 영향에 대한 장애유형별 차별성은 확인되지 않았다. 한편 주택수요 함수를 소유 가구와 임차 가구로 나누어 추정한 결과에 따르면, 소유 가구의 경우 청각 및 언어장애 가구의 주택수요가 가장 낮았으며, 임차 가구의 경우 지체 및 뇌병변 장애 가구의 주택수요가 가장 낮은 것으로 추정되었다. 주택수요의 경우에도 소득이 주택수요에 미치는 영향에 대한 장애유형별 차별성은 확인되지 않았으나, 순자산의 장애유형별 차별적 효과는 일부 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 추정 결과에 따르면 순자산이 주택수요에 미치는 영향은 소유 가구의 경우 시각장애 와 청각 및 언어장애 가구에서 존재하며, 순자산 증가가 주택수요 증가에 미치는 영향력은 시각장애 가구에서 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 임차가구의 경우에는 지체 및 뇌병변 장애 가구에서 순자산의 효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 주거비용의 장애유형별 차별적 효과는 본 연구에서는 확인되지 않았다. 본 연구의 실증 분석 결과에 기초해 볼 때 장애인 가구의 주택점유 형태와 주거면적 선택의 장애유형별 차별성은 주로 순자산의 크기에 의해 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있다. 순자산이 가구의 근로활동과 저축노력에 의해 그 크기가 결정된다는 점에서 장애인 가구의 주거수준을 높이기 위해서는 장애인 가구의 고용상태에 대한 안정성과 고용의 질적 수준이 개선되어야 할 필요가 있을 것이다.