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이병훈 ( Byeong Hoon Lee ),한탁철 한국일본어교육학회 2011 日本語敎育 Vol.56 No.-
本硏究は、上代日本語において「語彙形態素+語彙形態素」の結合による母音連續で發生した母音脫落を最適性理論の화組みで分析した。今までの先行硏究では、脫落母音の決定において、前部形態素の尾母音の脫落を原則とする說と、連接する母音の間の響き(廣狹)の違いにより脫落母音が決定されるという說が兩立している。本硏究ではこのような兩說の中の一方に贊成、他方に反對するわけではなく、兩說で脫落母音の決定に關與する要因として指摘された「連接する母音の順序」、「連接する母音間の響きもの差」、「連接する母音と前後の音節の母音との同一性」などの要因のすべてを脫落母音の決定に關連する要因と見て、これらの要因に關わる制約を設定、制約間のランク付けをする方法で脫落母音の決定を說明した。つまり、二つの異なる母音の連接を禁じるNoHiatus、形態素の最初の分節音の削除を禁じるMax-Ml、ある分節音が音節の頂点に來ることを禁じる*P/a、語頭音節の脫落を禁じるMax-Wlo、形態素內の隣接する音節で同じ母音を禁じるOCP-Vなどの制約を設定、これらの制約ランクを「NoHiatus、OCP-V、Max-Wlo》*P/i》Max-MI》*P/u》*P/e、o」のように付與し、上代日本語の母音脫落で脫落母音がどのように決定されるかを說明した。
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上代日本語 借字表記에 나타나는 韓國漢字音의 반영에 관하여
하소정 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2016 외국학연구 Vol.- No.36
The purpose of this thesis is to consider the possible impacts of Sino-Korean which can be seen in borrowed Chinese characters in ancient Japanese. To explore this question, I extracted Shaku’on Kana from the Man’yosyu, Nihonshoki, and Kojiki. Using these Shaku’on Kana, I made a comparative table of Kiki-Man’yo and Sino-Korean forms. I found a significant number of Shaku’on Kana with similar forms in Sino-Korean. Therefore, existing theories that Man’yogana was developed based on the Sino-Japanese Go’on are not absolutely true. In ancient times, there was a great cultural exchange between Korea and Japan. Consequently, forms of Man’yogana were influenced by the Sino-Korean language system. Therefore, the theories that Man’yogana was based on the Sino-Japanese Go’on need to be modified, and the forms of Kiki-Man’yo which influenced Sino-Korean should be classified into new categories.
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고수만 한국일본언어문화학회 2018 일본언어문화 Vol.45 No.-
Regarding a distinct uses of e-retsu in Ancient Japanese, the Japanese academia have considered that it was due to the differences of vowels. In recent society of Japanese language however, it seems that it is more prevalent to see it as a consequence of consonant difference. People who support the recent viewpoint assert that it is the difference between palatalized consonants and non-palatalized consonants. The advantage of this perspective is that it allows us to provide a phonetic and phonological explanations on why the proper use of e-retsu was performed only with ‘ka, ’ga’, ‘pa’, ‘ba’, ‘ma’ gyo. But phonetically, it is not clear if the palatalization of consonant happens before the middle vowel e. Furthermore, with this viewpoint, it is difficult to explain some phonological phenomena of Japanese language, such as conjugation of yodan verb in ancient Japanese or onbin. From many respects, for example the sound of Chinese character used as manyogana, it is likely that there was a opposition between palatalization and non- palatalization in the proper use of e-retsu. However, according to the phonological phenomenon such as a generation of e-retsu’s sound or a division of izenkei and meireikei of yodan verb, it seems more reasonable to see the proper use of e-retsu as an opposition between palatalizing vowels and non-palatalizing vowels, rather than the consonant differnce. いわゆる上代特殊仮名遣いにおける、エ列の使い分けについて、日本の国語学界ではそれを母音の差異によるものと観てきた。ところが、最近は、それを子音の差異の因るものと観る説が有力にされているようである。 エ列の使い分けを子音の差異の因るものと観る立場では、その差異とは、口蓋化した子音と非口蓋化の子音との差異と捉えている。この説に従うと、何故エ列の使い分けがカ・ガ・ハ・バ・マ行においてのみなされたのかについての説明ができる。 しかしながら、音声学的に、中間の母音である eの前で口蓋化が起こりうるかは疑問である。また、その説では、上代日本語の四段動詞の活用形の違いなど、様々な日本語内部における音韻現象についての説明が難しい。 万葉仮名として使われた漢字の中古漢語の音などから考え、エ列の使い分けに口蓋化と非口蓋化の対立が働いていたのは確かなようである。しかし、それは、口蓋化子音と非口蓋的子音との対立ではないと思う。エ列音の生成、そして四段活用動詞の命令形と已然形の区別など日本語内部のの音韻現象から考え、エ列の使い分けは、子音の差異の因るものではなく、子音を口蓋化させる母音と口蓋化させない母音との対立に因るものと観るべきだと思う。
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高秀晩 한국일본언어문화학회 2018 일본언어문화 Vol.45 No.-
Regarding a distinct uses of e-retsu in Ancient Japanese, the Japanese academia have considered that it was due to the differences of vowels. In recent society of Japanese language however, it seems that it is more prevalent to see it as a consequence of consonant difference. People who support the recent viewpoint assert that it is the difference between palatalized consonants and non-palatalized consonants. The advantage of this perspective is that it allows us to provide a phonetic and phonological explanations on why the proper use of e-retsu was performed only with ‘ka, ’ga’, ‘pa’, ‘ba’, ‘ma’ gyo. But phonetically, it is not clear if the palatalization of consonant happens before the middle vowel e. Furthermore, with this viewpoint, it is difficult to explain some phonological phenomena of Japanese language, such as conjugation of yodan verb in ancient Japanese or onbin. From many respects, for example the sound of Chinese character used as manyogana, it is likely that there was a opposition between palatalization and non- palatalization in the proper use of e-retsu. However, according to the phonological phenomenon such as a generation of e-retsu’s sound or a division of izenkei and meireikei of yodan verb, it seems more reasonable to see the proper use of e-retsu as an opposition between palatalizing vowels and non-palatalizing vowels, rather than the consonant differnce.
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MAN’YÔGANA NAMES IN SUIKO PERIOD TEXTS
Theresa Leyden Case(テレサㆍケイス) 구결학회 2005 구결연구 Vol.15 No.-
Japanese personal and place names recorded in seventh century texts comprise the earliest substantial collection of man’yOgana(Chinese characters used as phonetic symbols for Japanese syllables). These name transcriptions are important to the study of the development of the Japanese kana writing system, as well as to the study of the transmission of written language from the Asian continent to Japan. In order to facilitate current and future research on these topics, the present study identifies all of the Japanese names written phonetically in five texts of the Suiko period(early seventh century). Next, the characters used to write the names are compiled, dem-onstrating that a definite system of phonetic writing was in use in Japan as early as the seventh century. Finally, the paper suggests that this seventh century system is likely to be the direct ancestor of eighth century man’ yOgana as well as the ultimate source of the modem kana writing system.
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