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고수만 한국일본언어문화학회 2018 일본언어문화 Vol.45 No.-
Regarding a distinct uses of e-retsu in Ancient Japanese, the Japanese academia have considered that it was due to the differences of vowels. In recent society of Japanese language however, it seems that it is more prevalent to see it as a consequence of consonant difference. People who support the recent viewpoint assert that it is the difference between palatalized consonants and non-palatalized consonants. The advantage of this perspective is that it allows us to provide a phonetic and phonological explanations on why the proper use of e-retsu was performed only with ‘ka, ’ga’, ‘pa’, ‘ba’, ‘ma’ gyo. But phonetically, it is not clear if the palatalization of consonant happens before the middle vowel e. Furthermore, with this viewpoint, it is difficult to explain some phonological phenomena of Japanese language, such as conjugation of yodan verb in ancient Japanese or onbin. From many respects, for example the sound of Chinese character used as manyogana, it is likely that there was a opposition between palatalization and non- palatalization in the proper use of e-retsu. However, according to the phonological phenomenon such as a generation of e-retsu’s sound or a division of izenkei and meireikei of yodan verb, it seems more reasonable to see the proper use of e-retsu as an opposition between palatalizing vowels and non-palatalizing vowels, rather than the consonant differnce. いわゆる上代特殊仮名遣いにおける、エ列の使い分けについて、日本の国語学界ではそれを母音の差異によるものと観てきた。ところが、最近は、それを子音の差異の因るものと観る説が有力にされているようである。 エ列の使い分けを子音の差異の因るものと観る立場では、その差異とは、口蓋化した子音と非口蓋化の子音との差異と捉えている。この説に従うと、何故エ列の使い分けがカ・ガ・ハ・バ・マ行においてのみなされたのかについての説明ができる。 しかしながら、音声学的に、中間の母音である eの前で口蓋化が起こりうるかは疑問である。また、その説では、上代日本語の四段動詞の活用形の違いなど、様々な日本語内部における音韻現象についての説明が難しい。 万葉仮名として使われた漢字の中古漢語の音などから考え、エ列の使い分けに口蓋化と非口蓋化の対立が働いていたのは確かなようである。しかし、それは、口蓋化子音と非口蓋的子音との対立ではないと思う。エ列音の生成、そして四段活用動詞の命令形と已然形の区別など日本語内部のの音韻現象から考え、エ列の使い分けは、子音の差異の因るものではなく、子音を口蓋化させる母音と口蓋化させない母音との対立に因るものと観るべきだと思う。
고수미(Ko, Su-Mi) 동북아시아문화학회 2021 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2021 No.07
In the 13th and 14th centuries, the sea of Northeast Asia was the point where various cultures such as politics, economy, culture, and religion intersected in Korea, China, and Japan relationship. we examined the ocean route between South Korea, China and Japan in Northeast Asian sea area, and researched the phase of Tamra, which is located in the middle of the route at that time. Goryeo and China mainly used the a southern ocean route linking Gaegyeong-Heuksando-Jusan-Myeongju. China and Japen used East China ocean route linking Maungju and Hakada. Tamra was a midpoint of Northeast Asia"s maritime trade routes and served as an intermediate stopover, a safety origin for long-distance navigation, and a destination for drift. In addition, Tamra contributed to human and physical exchanges between countries, and as various cultures crossed through Tamra, it became an opportunity for Tamlines to accept new culture.
고수인,손요환,노남진,윤태경,김춘식,배상원,황재홍,이상태,김현섭 한국산림과학회 2012 Forest Science And Technology Vol.8 No.2
This study examined the effects of thinning intensities on carbon (C) storage of soil, forest floor and coarse woody debris (CWD) in Larix kaempferi stands, Korea. Two study stands were located in Gwangneung Experiment Forest (Stand 1:31–40 years old) and Muju (Stand 2: 51–60 years old). These stands were thinned in 2011. Each stand was divided into three plots by different thinning intensities based on removed volume: no thinning (control, 0%), moderate thinning (M,20%), and heavy thinning (H, 30%). The C storage of soil at 0–50 cm depth, forest floor, and CWD was measured in 2011. Total C storage of H plot was significantly higher than that of control plot andMplot in Stand 1 (control: 64.6 t C ha^-1, M: 62.2 t C ha^-1, H: 83.7 t C ha^-1). A similar tendency was also found in Stand 2; total C storage of H plot was significantly higher than that of control plot andMplot (control: 137.8 t C ha^-1; M: 138.0 tCha^-1; H: 169.6 t C ha^-1). Initial effectsof thinning intensities onCstorage were analyzed as a partof the 10-year study, and we expect to determine the correct thinning intensity that optimizes C storage of soil, forest floor, and CWDby long-termmonitoring of changes in C storage at this experimental site.