Ginsenoside compound K protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways

Lu, Shan,Luo, Yun,Zhou, Ping,Yang, Ke,Sun, Guibo,Sun, Xiaobo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes vascular endothelial cell inflammatory response and apoptosis and plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a metabolite produced by the hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1, possesses strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether or not CK protects ox-LDL-damaged endothelial cells and the potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. Methods: In our study, cell viability was tested using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression levels of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$) was detected using JC-1. The cell apoptotic percentage was measured by the Annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) assay, lactate dehydrogenase, and caspase-3 expression. Apoptosis-related proteins, nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways protein expression were quantified by Western blotting. Results: Our results demonstrated that CK could ameliorate ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inflammation and apoptosis, $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation, and the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, anisomycin, an activator of p38 and JNK, significantly abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of CK. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CK prevents ox-LDL-induced HUVECs inflammation and apoptosis through inhibiting the $NF-{\kappa}B$, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, CK is a candidate drug for atherosclerosis treatment.

Multi‑DoF wireless power transfer systems based on magnetic dipole coils with multiple receivers

Xiaobo Liu,Cancan Rong,Xiong Tao,Conghui Lu,Yingyin Zeng,Renzhe Liu,Minghai Liu 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.3

To improve the degree of freedom (DoF), and the multi-terminal power supply capability of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, multi-DoF WPT systems for multiple pickups based on magnetic dipole coils are proposed in this paper, which can simultaneously charge multiple receivers regardless of the position degree. First, the equivalent circuit model of the magnetic dipole coils is provided. The critical factors of the proposed multi-load systems are analyzed, such as transfer efficiency, power distribution, and optimal load. Second, a multi-load wireless power transfer system with equal transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) coil is designed, and the misalignment tolerance of lateral and rotating occasions for the RX coils is discussed. In particular, a multi-load WPT system with miniaturized step-laminated receivers is implemented based on the magnetic dipole coils. Finally, experimental prototypes are established. The obtained results indicate that the output power for the equal dual-load WPT system can reach more than 78 W with a total efficiency of more than 80% under a transfer distance of length of the receiving coil winding. In addition, the output power of the non-equal four-load WPT system can reach 30 W with a total efficiency of 86%. The proposed systems provide practical guidance for the future development of multi-DoF WPT systems for use in portable devices, unmanned intelligent systems, and smart household applications.

Security Model for Sensitive Information Systems and Its Applications in Sensor Networks

Tianbo Lu,Xiaobo Guo,Lingling Zhao,Yang Li,Peng Lin,Binxing Fang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.5

The study of security models for sensitive information systems has been taken on for years, but still lag far away behind the progress of information security practice. During this century, the thought of seeking the system security to the source of system development lifecycle received huge improvement in the system and software assurance domain. This paper firstly expounds the understanding of information security by illustrating information security study development progress since pre-computer age and presents a description of cyberspace and cyberization security by summarizing the status quo of cyberization. Then a security model called PDRL, which includes six core security attributes of sensitive information systems, is proposed to protect the security of sensitive information systems in the whole system life-cycle. At last, this paper probes into further discussion about controllability attribute and proposes a controllability model in sensitive sensor networks, followed by a probability computing formula and the example for computing the controllability of sensitive sensor networks. By dividing each single element of sensitive information and each element-related operation into a corresponding classification, this paper makes a reasonable description of the quantitative description about controllability.

O-alkylation of disodium salt of diethyl 3,4-dihydroxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate with 1,2-dichloroethane catalyzed by ionic type phase transfer catalyst and potassium iodide

Huasheng Lu,Hengbo Yin,Aili Wang,Jun Shen,Xiaobo Yan,Yumin Liu,Changhua Zhang 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.1

Diethyl 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate was efficiently synthesized via the O-alkylation of disodium salt of diethyl 3,4-dihydroxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate with 1,2-dichloroethane over ionic type phase transfer catalysts, such as tetrabutyl ammonium bromide and benzyltriethyl ammonium chloride. The ionic type phase transfer catalysts showed higher catalytic activities than the nonionic type phase transfer catalysts, such as triethylamine,pyridine, 18-crown-6, and polyethylene glycol 400/600, in the O-alkylation reaction. The conversion of the disodium salt of more than 97% and the selectivity of diethyl 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate of more than 98%were achieved when the O-alkylation reaction was synergistically catalyzed by tetrabutyl ammonium bromide and potassium iodide.

Ginsenoside compound K protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via inhibition of nuclear factor-kB, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways

Shan Lu,Yun Luo,Ping Zhou,Ke Yang,Guibo Sun,Xiaobo Sun 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes vascular endothelial cell inflammatory response and apoptosis and plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a metabolite produced by the hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1, possesses strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether or not CK protects ox-LDL-damaged endothelial cells and the potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. Methods: In our study, cell viability was tested using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression levels of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-a, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential (DJm) was detected using JC-1. The cell apoptotic percentage was measured by the Annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) assay, lactate dehydrogenase, and caspase-3 expression. Apoptosis-related proteins, nuclear factor (NF)-kB, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways protein expression were quantified by Western blotting. Results: Our results demonstrated that CK could ameliorate ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inflammation and apoptosis, NF-kB nuclear translocation, and the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, anisomycin, an activator of p38 and JNK, significantly abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of CK. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CK prevents ox-LDL-induced HUVECs inflammation and apoptosis through inhibiting the NF-kB, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, CK is a candidate drug for atherosclerosis treatment.

PARALLEL PARKING PATH PLANNING BASED ON IMPROVED ARCTANGENT FUNCTION OPTIMIZATION

Qiping Chen,Lu Gan,Bo Chen,Qin Liu,Xiaobo Zhang 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.1

Aiming at the problems of small parking space and poor parking effect for existing parallel parking, this paper proposes a parallel parking path planning based on improved arctangent function optimization. Firstly, the vehicle parking kinematics model is established, and the vehicle parameters are determined according to the three classical models. Secondly, the parking space model is established, and the most reasonable parking space parameters are selected according to the minimum parking space. Then, aiming at the problems of abrupt curvature of the designed arc-line-arc initial path, unsmooth path, large yaw angle at the end and large parking space, an improved arctangent function model is proposed, the parking constraints are established, the absolute value of vehicle yaw angle is taken as the objective function, and the parameters are optimized by genetic algorithm. Finally, it is verified by simulation experiments. The results show that the method can achieve smoother path, smaller parking space and more ideal parking posture, meet the requirements of stability, safety and comfort in the process of parallel parking, and improve the ability of parallel parking. Therefore, this method can provide a theoretical reference for path planning in automatic parking technology.

Effect of the Outer Diameter on the Behavior of Square RC Columns Strengthened with Self-Compacting Concrete Filled Circular Steel Tube

Yi-Yan Lu,Zhenzhen Liu,Shan Li,Xiaobo Zhao 한국강구조학회 2019 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.19 No.3

This paper aimed to investigate the optimum outer diameter of square RC columns strengthened with self-compacting concrete fi lled circular steel tube. An experiment of twelve strengthened RC columns (SRC) and two referential RC columns subjected to axial load was presented. The variables considered in the test were the confi nement index and the diameter of the strengthened section. The experimental results showed that, with the same confi nement index, the material strength utilization of SRC columns dropped with the increasing of strengthened section diameter. There existed an optimum outer diameter to take full use of material strength. With the outer diameter below the optimum value, the material strength utilization increased with increasing confi nement index. As the outer diameter beyond the optimum one, the material strength utilization decreased with improving confi nement index.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Fatigue Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with U-Shaped Steel Casing

Qingli Lin,Yi-Yan Lu,Ling Hu,Xiaobo Zhao 한국강구조학회 2022 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.22 No.2

To achieve a rapid and great enhancement in the fl exural performance of reinforced concrete beams, this study proposes a new strengthening method using U-shaped steel casing and focuses on studying the fatigue performance of strengthened beams. In this paper, ten specimens were tested under fatigue loads. Testing results demonstrated that no obvious damage was observed from the strengthened beam after 2 million fatigue cycles compared with the reference beam which failed at 58.97 × 10 4 fatigue cycles, indicating the good joint performance of the U-shaped steel casing and the RC beam. The strengthened beams generally failed by the sudden rupture of the bottom steel plate accompanied by concrete crushing. The mid-span defl ection and material strains all increased rapidly at the beginning, then steadily developed during nearly 80% of the fatigue life, and grew rapidly again after the weld toe cracking until the strengthened beam failed. The fatigue life was signifi cantly extended with the increase of either the height of the steel box or the thickness of the bottom plate, while it was dramatically shortened with the increase in the fatigue load amplitude. To facilitate the use of the outcomes, a simplifi ed formula for predicting the concrete residual strain of strengthened beams was derived. The predicted results matched the experimental ones well. The derived formula is theoretically only applicable to strengthened beams with dimensions same as the specimens in the experimental tests under similar loading conditions. Reasonably good agreements were found between the fi nite element analyses and experimental results. The developed fi nite element model can well simulate the failure mode under static load and the damage evolution under fatigue load. Based on the stress analysis results, the fatigue lives of the strengthened beams were predicted relatively accurately using the Fe-safe software, with the deviations mostly less than 15%.

Comparative Study of Bioactive Constituents in Crude and Processed Glycyrrhizae radix and Their Respective Metabolic Profiles in Gastrointestinal Tract In Vitro by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI/MS Analyses

Wen-wu Huang,Xiaobo Li,Meng Yue Wang,Hai-ming Shi,Ying Peng,Chong-sheng Peng,Min Zhang,Yue Li,Jing Lu 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.11

Two HPLC methods with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS), respectively, were developed to investigate the differences of chemical constituents and their metabolism in gastrointestinal tract in vitro between two decoctions of crude and processed Glycyrrhizae radix. Total of eleven constituents (liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, licuraside, isoliquiritin, ononin, glycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin-7,4'-diglucoside, licorice saponin A3, 22β-acetoxylglycyrrhizic acid, licorice saponin G2, and yunganoside E2) were identified in the two decoctions, whereas lower contents of these constituents were usually found in the decoction of processed G. radix. Furthermore, these constituents were metabolized into their respective aglycons in human intestinal bacteria juice, and the metabolism ratios were all higher in processed G. radix decoction. No change was found in artificial gastric or intestinal juice. This study revealed that the processing can alter the contents of main constituents in crude G. radix and their metabolism in gastrointestinal tract, in which intestinal bacteria play an important role in the metabolism of licorice constituents.

Identification of Medium-Length Antineurofilament Autoantibodies in Patients with Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

Shisi Wang,Cancan Xu,Xiaobo Sun,Yifan Zhou,Yaqing Shu,Shangzhou Xia,Zhengqi Lu,Wei Qiu,Xiaofen Zhong,Lisheng Peng 대한신경과학회 2020 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.16 No.3

Background and Purpose Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe central nervous system disorder mediated by NMDAR antibodies that damages neurons. We investigated the correlation between cytoskeletal autoantibodies and the clinical severity in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Methods Non-NMDAR autoantibodies were identified by screening matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the serum samples of 45 consecutive patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 60 healthy individuals against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1-transfected and nontransfected human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Immunocytochemistry was performed to assess antibody binding in rat brain sections and primary cortical neurons. Cell-based assays and Western blotting were applied to identify autoantibodies targeting medium neurofilaments (NFMs). We compared clinical characteristics between patients with NMDAR encephalitis who were positive and negative for anti-NFM-autoantibodies. Results Anti-NFM autoantibodies were detected in both the serum and CSF in one patient (2%) and in the serum only in six patients (13%). No antibodies were detected in the serum of healthy controls (7/45 vs. 0/60, p=0.0016). Four of the seven patients with anti-NFM autoantibodies in serum were children (57%), and three (43%) had abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging. These patients responded well to immunotherapy, and either no significant or only mild disability was observed at the last follow-up. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis did not differ with the presence of anti-NFM autoantibodies. Conclusions Anti-NFM autoantibodies may be present in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, indicating underlying neuronal damage. A large cohort study is warranted to investigate the clinical differences between patients with NMDAR encephalitis according to their anti- NFM antibody status.