석탄 가스화를 통한 전력 생산과 DME 병산 공정에 대한 기초 경제성 분석

유영돈 ( Young Don Yoo ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ),조원준 ( Won Jun Cho ),모용기 ( Yong Gi Mo ),송용택 ( Tae Kyong Song ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.6

석탄가스화를 기반으로 한 발전(IGCC 발전) 및 화학원료 제조공정의 상업화 관건은 화석연료인 원유 또는 천연가스를 기반으로 생산되는 경우와 비교하여 경제성을 확보할 수 있는지 여부이다. 경제성 확보를 위한 가장 현실적인 방법으로는 석탄 가스화를 통해 얻어진 합성가스로부터 2개 이상의 생산물(예: 발전과 화학원료를 동시 생산)을 병산(coproduction또는 poly-generation)하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 석탄 가스화를 기반으로 하여 발전과 수송용, 발전용 및 가정용 연료로 사용이 가능한 DME(dimethyl ether)를 병산하는 공정에 대한 경제성 분석을 실시하였다. 경제성 분석을 위한 병산 공정에서는 250 MW 전력생산 연간 30만 톤의 DMZ 생산을 기준으로 하였다. 병산 공정에서 DME 판매가격이 50만원/ton인 경우, 전기 생산원가는 34.8~58.4원/kWh으로 SMP(계통한계가격) 가중평균인 150.69원/kwh(2013년 1월~12월까지의 평균값)의 33~58% 수준으로 산정되었다. 따라서, DME 판매가격이 적정하게 유지될 경우 석탄IGCC+DME 병산공정은 IGCC 단독 발전과 비교하여 경제성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 현재 중국에서 DME판매가격이 900,000원/톤 내외이므로, 전력과 DME를 병산할 경우, IGCC 단독으로 전력을 생산할 경우와 비교하여 전력 생산 원가를 월등하게 낮출 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와 같이 석탄 가스화를 기반으로 한 병산 공정을 통해 전력과 DME를 병산하는 시스템에서, 시장 여건에 따라 전력과 DME 생산비율 제어가 가능하고, 석탄 가스화기 및 정제 시스템을 공통 설비로 활용함으로써, 개별적으로 생산하는 것보다 생산 원가를 낮출 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. The key for the commercial deployment of IGCC power plants or chemical (methanol, dimethyl ether, etc.) production plants based on coal gasification is their economic advantage over plants producing electricity or chemicals from crude oil or natural gas. The better economy of coal gasification based plants can be obtained by co-production of electricity and chemicals. In this study, we carried out the economic feasibility analysis on the process of co-producing electricity and DME (dimethyl ether) using coal gasification. The plant’s capacity was 250 MW electric and DME production of 300,000 ton per year. Assuming that the sales price of DME is 500,000 won/ton, the production cost of electricity is in the range of 33~58% of 150.69 won/kwh which is the average of SMP (system marginal price) in 2013, Korea. At present, the sales price of DME in China is approximately 900,000 won/ton. Therefore, there are more potential for lowering the price of co-produced electricity when comparing that from IGCC only. Since the co-production system can not only use the coal gasifier and the gas purification process as a common facility but also can control production rates of electricity and DME depending on the market demand, the production cost of electricity and DME can be significantly reduced compared to the process of producing electricity or DME separately.

병식 평가 척도-한국판(SUMD-K)의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증

송지영,김기태,이서경,김용희,노준호,김종우,장환일,반건호,강원섭 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.4

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Korean version of the Scale to Assessment Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD-K). Methods : The subjects were 55 schizophrenic patients between ages of 26 and 58 who were recruited from the psychiatric unit of the university hospital and the out-patient clinic. The SUMD-K and insight scale of PANSS were applied to the patients. Results : The range of inter-rater (Spearman's rho) of the general items of SUMD-K were .97-.98 on the current illness and .58-.98 on the past illness. The correlation coefficient between the sum and the general items of the SUMD-K showed high scores. The concurrent validity between SUMD-K and insight item of PANSS was high (scores between .59-.96). However,the reliability and the validity of the attribution items of symptoms showed low scores compared to the current symptoms. Conclusion : The SUMD-K was confirmed in its reliability and validity. It can be a useful clinician-rating scale for evaluating insight in schizophrenic patients as well as patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions.

오염된 완충용액으로 인한 Alcaligenes xylosoxidans의 가유행성 발생

김옥선,윤성원,백경란,박선영,이남용,송재훈 대한병원감염관리학회 2003 의료관련감염관리 Vol.8 No.1

폐렴 구균(Streptococcus pneumoniae)에 의한 척수 경막외 농양 1예

이지영,위유미,손경목,기현균,문치숙,오원섭,백경란,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

폐렴구균은 보통 폐렴이나 뇌막염을 일으키는 균으로 척수 경막외 농양을 일으키는 경우는 매우 드물다. 본 저자들은 폐렴 구균에 의한 척수 경막 외 농양을 경험하여 보고하는 바이다. 과거 건강했던 36세 남자 환자로 사다리에서 낙상한 후 요통 및 고열, 신경학적 이상으로 내원하여 자기 공명 촬영 결과 척수 경막 외 농양으로 진단받고 항균제 투여와 함께 응급 수술을 시행하였다. 농 배양 결과 페니실린 감수성인 폐렴 구균이 분리 되었고, 수술 요법과 항생제 투여 후 농양은 치유되었으나 신경학적 이상은 호전 없는 상태로 타원으로 전원되었다. Pneumonia and meningitis are the most frequent manifestations of pneumococcal infections. Pneumococcal spinal epidural abscesses have been rarely reported. Spinal epidural abscess by Streptococcus pneumoniae has been diagnosed among the patients with diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, corticosteroid therapy, intravenous drug use, chronic renal failure, AIDS, and history of spinal surgery. Recently, we experienced a case of pneumococcal spinal epidural abscess after spinal trauma. A 36-year-old male patient was admitted with back pain, fever, and paraplegia which occurred 5 days after the trauma. Spine MRI revealed spinal epidural abscess at the level from T2 to T9. He was treated with antimicrobial agents and surgical exploration for spinal epidural abscess. Pus culture grew S. pneumoniae which was susceptible to penicillin. Despite early surgical treatment, neurologic sequelae remained. Considering the high mortality and morbidity of pneumococcal spinal epidural abscess, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment including surgical intervention and antibiotics therapy should be implemented immediately.

Improvement and Application for Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of Nationwide Land in Korea

Lee, Moung-Jin,Jeon, Seong-Woo,Jo, Min-Jeong,Song, Won-Kyong,Kang, Byung-Jin The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2007 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.23 No.5

This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.

Improvement and Application for Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) of Nationwide Land in Korea

Moung Jin Lee,Seong Woo Jeon,Min Jeong Jo,Won Kyong Song,Byung Jin Kang 大韓遠隔探査學會 2007 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.23 No.5

This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4 % of diameter Grade II (standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9 % by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7 % of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4 % by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.

항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증이 발생한 저위험군 발열 환자들을 대상으로 한 경구 항균제 요법의 임상적 유용성 및 안정성에 대한 연구

김연숙,이혁,기현균,김춘관,김신우,김성민,백경란,김원석,윤성수,이홍기,강원기,박찬형,박근칠,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.1

목적 : 항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증을 동반한 발열이 발생하는 암환자들을 치료하기 위한 다양한 항균제와 여러 가지 방법들이 시도되고 있는 가운데, 합병증과 사망률의 발생가능성이 적은 저위험군 환자들을 대상으로 초기 72시간동안 정주 항균제를 투여한 이후 경구 항균제로 전환하는 요법의 유용성과 안정성을 평가해보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1998년 2월부터 1999년 9월까지 본원에서 항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증과 발열이 발생한 환자들 가운데 기저 암질환이 고형암이거나 림프종이고, 입원당시 패혈증의 증후가 없으며 입원 72시간이내에 해열되고 백혈구수치가 증가 추세인 환자들을 대상으로 하여 72시간 동안 정주 항균제를 투여한 이후 경우 ciprofloxacin 750㎎을 하루 2회씩 투여하여 총 4일간 투여하였다. 모든 환자들은 열이 떨어지고 호중구감소증이 회복될 때까지 입원하도록 하였다. 결과 : 총 38명 환자의 40예가 등록이 되었고, 환자들의 기저암 질환은 고형함이 72.5%, 림프종이 27.5%였다. 입원당시 평균 호중구치수는 156/㎕였고, 호중구수치가 100/㎕미만인 경우는 65%였으며, 호중구감소증이 지속된 기간의 평균은 2.4일이었다. 40예 중 39예가 항균제의 변형이나 추가 없이 호중구감소증과 발열로부터 회복이 되어 97.5%의 성공율(95% 신뢰구간: 86.8-99.9%)을 보였다. 부작용으로 피부발진이 있었던 경우가 한 예 있었는데, 증상이 경하여 경구 항균제를 지속할 수 있었다. 심와부의 동통으로 복용을 지속할 수 없어서 대상에서 제외된 예가 또 한 예 있었다. 결론 : 항암요법 중 호중구감소증과 발열을 동반한 환자들 가운데 저위험군 환자들에서 항균제 72시간정주 이후 경구 항균제로의 전환요법은 효과적이고도 안전한 치료방법이라고 할 수 있다. Background : Oral antibiotic therapy following empirical intravenous antibiotics may be effective and safe for febrile neutropenic patients with lowrisk for complications. Methods : We conducted a prospective clinical trial of oral antibiotic therapy in the patients with neutropenia and fever during chemotherapy for cancer. Underlying malignancies were solid tumor or lymphoma with short duration of neurtropenia and the patients had no evidence of clinically or microbiologically documented infections. Oral ciprofloxacin was given to the patients who lacked signs of sepsis on admission, had a rising tendency of neutrophil count (ANC >100 /㎕ ) at 72 hours, and were afebrile at 72 hours. All patients were hospitalized until neutropenia and fever resolved. Results : A total of 40 episodes of 38 patients were enrolled from February 1998 to September 1999. The mean neutrophil counts on admission were 156/㎕ and the mean duration of neutropenia was 2.4 days. The episodes which had neutrophil count below 100 /㎕ were 26 (65%). Treatment was successful in 39 of 40 episodes (97.5% : 95 % confidence interval, 86.8% to 99.9%). Adverse reactions of oral ciprofloxacin were skin rash and epigastric soreness in two cases, respectively. There were no deaths during the study. Conclusions : For low-risk febrile patients with neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy, switch therapy to oral ciprofloxacin at 72 hours following intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics is effective and safe,

Stability Assessment of a Tunnel above Coal Mined Cavities Through Geotechnical Investigation

Song, Won Kyong,Chung, So Keul 한국암반공학회 2004 Geosystem engineering Vol.7 No.2

This research has been conducted to investigate the influence of mined cavities on a tunnel to be constructed around a coal mine. The location and dimension of cavities were supposed by analyzing synthetically geological structures and condition of coal beds as well as gangway map since there does not exist any map describing mined cavities. Detailed geological and geophysical surveys have also been carried out for the purpose of understanding the geological structure and rock mass conditions. The two dimensional analysis with FLAC has been performed on the geological sections reconstructed from the obtained information and the effects of mined cavities on the tunnel have been assessed.

DMZ 일원 보전·이용지역 설정 및 가이드라인 수립 연구

송원경 ( Won Kyong Song ),전성우 ( Seong Woo Jeon ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ),이동근 ( Dong Kun Lee ),이준 ( June Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2012 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.15 No.2

In spite of the ecological value of the DMZ, there have not been established guidelines for sustainable conservation and use on the DMZ and adjacent area. In this study we suggested a method about zoning the conservation and utilization area considering environmental data and the characteristic of the DMZ region, and we make the guideline for conservation of the DMZ region based on the zone. Using 10 legal protection areas, the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) and the boundaries of the DMZ region, we evaluated this region into conservation areas, management areas, and utilization areas. The results showed that as much as 91.8% of the DMZ region was evaluated as conservation areas, 6.9% as management areas, and 1.3% as utilization areas. After consultation with experts we suggested management principles, the direction, and the guideline based on the planning process considering the evaluation map. The study suggests principles and guidelines for management, and the guidelines could be a effective tool for the sustainable conservation and management strategy of DMZ region.

영화 시민의 자기 순환적 유희

송경원(Song Kyong Won) 동국대학교 영상미디어센터 2011 씨네포럼 Vol.0 No.12

그동안 박찬욱에 대한 분석의 주요한 대상은 단연 그의 스타일이었다. 그러나 우리는 애초에 하나의 선으로 꾈 수 없는 재료를 가지고 무리한 정리를 시도하고 있는 것인지도 모른다. B 무비가 지닌 정서를 고도로 농축한 스타일로 정제한 결정체랄 수 있는 박찬욱의 영화들에 대한 비판의 지점은 주로 서사의 부재에 머물러 있다. 모호한 것이야말로 박찬욱의 정체성이며 스스로의 자의식이다. 그러나 지금의 필요한 것은 박찬욱에 대한 평가가 아닌 균열과 논쟁의 중심에서 모든 가능성의 흔적들을 다시 더듬어보는 작업이다. 빼어난 스타일리 스트로써의 박찬욱이 점하고 있는 확고부동한 위치는 정형화 된 장르가 변형되어 가는 과정과 의미를 더듬어 볼 수 있는 단초가 된다. 박찬욱 영화가 서사적으로 멈춰서 있다는 평을 듣는 이유는 근본적으로 이미지의 피상성에 기인한다. 그의 영화들은 시대나 사회적 맥락과 단절되는 것을 두려워하지 않는 대신 다른 영화들, 즉 ‘영화’라는 방대한 데이터베이스의 세계와 접속되어 있다. 영화 자체에 근본을 두고 있는 박찬욱의 영화들은 실제가 아닌 제헌 위의 이미지들에 충성한다. 이것은 반복과 변주를 축으로 삼는 장르 영화와 유사한 형태를 띈다. 박찬욱 영화들이 보여주는 스타일의 변형과 의미는 역설적이게도 영화에서 장르성의 쇠퇴가 직접적으로 드러나는 하나의 사건이다. 오늘날 한국영화의 가장 큰 특징 중 하나는 폭력의 재현이 잔혹해지고 있다는 점인데, 이는 시대 징후나 작가 정신의 반영으로 읽을 수도 있지만 장르의 해체와 유사한 지점에서도 독해 가능하다. 서사와 밀집한 관계를 맺고 있는 의미로써의 장르 개념은 사라지고 단지 페티쉬에 가까운 형식상 동어반복을 하는 방식은 박찬욱 영화 속 폭력 재현의 패턴과 겹친다. 그는 스타일 자체를 통해 전시하는 폭력의 숭고미의 근원을 영화텍스트 바깥에 두고 있다. 도상만을 빌려온 이미지의 반복은 재현하는 방식 자체를 숭고한 것으로 집중하도록 만든다. 이 영화 텍스트 바깥으로의 횡적 연결이 박찬욱 영화가 보여주는 폭력 재현의 본질이며, 장르가 스스로의 생명력을 잃어가는 이유이기도 하다. 포스트모던 시대의 불연속성과 파편화, 하나의 중심으로 정렬되지 않고 의미의 연결 과정에서 의미가 발생하는 탈구적 현상으로써 ‘영화’는 공허를 채우기 위한 공허의 형식 위에서 존립한다. 자기반복이 가져오는 불균질함은 장르의 의미를 해체시키고 단지 감독이라는 주체를 상실한 스타일만을 남긴다. The main subject of analysis on Park Chan-uk in the meantime has been resolutely his style. However, we might be attempting unreasonable arrangement with material, which cannot be continued with one line at first. The point of Park Chan-uk’s criticism for movies, which can be said to be the crystal that purified emotion possessed by B movie with highly-concentrated style, stays mainly in absence of narration. Just what is ambiguous is Park Chan-uk’s identity and own self-consciousness. However, what is necessary now is a work of searching again all of traces of possibility in the middle of a crack and a controversy, not evaluation on Park Chan-uk. The finn position that Park Chan-uk is taking up as a distinguished stylist becomes a clue available for recalling the process and significance that the standardized genre proceeds with being changed. A reason that Park Chan-uk’s movie is evaluated as saying of stopping narratively originates basically from the superficiality of image. Instead of which his movies are not afraid of being discontinued with period or social context, they are connected with other movies, namely, with the world of huge database called ‘film.’ Park Chan-uk’s movies, which are based on movie itself, are loyal to images on revival, not substance. This shows a similar form to a genre film, which has axis as repetition and variation. A change and significance of style that Park Chan-uk’s movies show are one case that a decline of genre in a film is directly revealed. One of the biggest characteristics in today’s Korean film is a point that revival of violence gets cruel. This may be read as a sign in period or as reflection of artist's spirit, but is available for being comprehended at the point similar to dissolution of genre. A concept of genre as a meaning of having close relationship with narration disappears. A method of tautology in light of a close form just to fetish is overlapped with a pattern of reviving violence in Park Chan-uk’s movie. He is having the origin of sublime beauty in violence, which is displayed through style itself, in the outside of film text. Repetition of image, which borrowed only icon allows a method of reviving itself to concentrate on what is sublime. The horizontal connection outside this movie text is the essence of reviving violence, which is shown by Park Chan-uk’s movie, and is also a reason that genre proceeds with losing its vitality. ‘Movie’ as the dislocation-based phenomenon, in which a significance happens in the process of connecting significance without being lined up centering on one, in addition to discontinuity and fragmentation in the post-modem era, exists on the form of emptiness for filling up emptiness. Heterogeneity, which is caused by self-repetition, breaks up significance of genre and leaves just style, which lost of subjectivity called just director.