Romanization and Language Planning in Taiwan

Chiung, Wi-vun Taiffalo 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.1

Chiung, Wi-run Taiffalo. 2001. Romanization and Language Planningin Taiwan. The Linguistic Association, of Korea Journal 9(1), 15-43.Although Taiwan is currently a Hancha (Han characters)-dominated society, romanization was in fact the first writing system used in Taiwan. The first romanized orthography is the Sinkang manuscripts introduced by the Dutch missionaries in the first half of the seventeenth century. Thereafter, Han characters were imposed to Taiwan by the Sinitic Koxinga regime that followed in the second half of the seventeenth century. As the number of Han immigrants from China dramatically increased, Han characters gradually became the dominant writing system. At present, romanization for Mandarin Chinese is an auxiliary script simply used for transliteration purpose. As for Taiwanese romanization it is mainly used by particular groups, such as church followers and the Taiwanese writing circle. This paper provides readers an overall introduction to the history and current development of romanization in Taiwan from the perspectives of literacy and sociolinguistics.(The University of Texas at Arlington)

Marriage in early twentieth century Northern India: Hindi literature vis-à-vis social transformations

Justyna Wiśniewska-Singh 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2016 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.22 No.1

This paper explores how a changing social situation in late colonial northern India influenced issues related to marriage. The most controversial matters, also reflected in Hindi literature of the time, were: proper age at marriage, ritual concerns, marriage expenses as well as effects of child marriage and child widows. The paper draws mainly on Hindi novels by Ayodhya Singh Upadhyay and Kishorilal Goswami, published in the beginning of the twentieth century. For the most part, conservative and didactic in their outlook, they put forward interesting postulates concerning disputable matters. Some of the ideas, like reducing unnecessary wedding expenses, are worth considering even today. The analysis of literary sources also reveals the expectations of future brides and grooms. The attention paid by Hindi writers to a number of marriage practices confirms the status of marriage as one of the most important social institutions.

전자 서명을 활용한 Wi-Fi Beacon Frame 인증 기법

정경헌(Gyeong Heon Jeong),강상위(Sang Wi Kang),권태경(Taekyoung Kwon) 한국통신학회 2023 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

細菌의 核酸分解酵素에 관한 硏究 : 1. Aeromonas hydrophila의 菌體外 DNase와 RNase에 관하여 1. General Properties of Extracellular Deoxyribonuclease and Ribonuclease in Aeromonas hydrophila

崔渭卿 釜山水産大學校 1969 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.1

著者는 廣範圍한 好氣性細菌의 均체外 DNase와 RNase의 分布 및 活性을 檢査하여, 그것이 어떤 種류의 細菌에 있어서 특異한 것인가를 把握하고, 그 特異性과 細菌의 分類學的 關聯性이 어떠한 것인가를 硏究키 위해 이 兩酵素의 活性이 강한 Acromonas hydrophila(ATCC 9071)를 供試하여, 이들 酵소의 生成 및 活性의 最適條件을 結定하려고 本 硏究를 實施하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1) 細菌의 菌체外 DNase와 RNase의 生育時間別 (培養時間別) 活性은 40時間만에 最高에 達하며, 적어도 供試菌株에 있어서는 72時間內로 死菌체의 菌체內에 含有되어 있는 이들 酵素는 菌체外酵素活性에는 영향이 없는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2) 細菌의 菌체外 DNase와 RNase의 活性에 영향을 주는 Mg이온 (MgSO₄. 7H₂O)이 가 장 活性化하는 能力이 크다는 것을 알았고, 硫化物이 鑒化物보다 더욱 效과的이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 3) Mg이온의 最適濃度는 酵素反應液에 對해 0.004M이었다. 4) RNase의 作用最適 PH 8.0이며, DNase는 7.5∼9.0사이에 있지만, 그 가운데서도 PH8.5가 最適임을 알았다. Extracellular nucleases produced by bacteria are usually reported as deoxyribonucleases (DNase) and ribonucleases (RNaes), depending upon the substrate used for their detection. But, I have never seen such a report as the extracellular DNase or RNase from Aerononas hydrophila (ATCC 9071). The present paper describes an investigation to determine the properties of both extracellular DNase and RNase in Aeromonas hydrophila. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The extracellular DNase began to appear in the culture fluid from the logarithmic phase to the stationary phase, and then the highest activity appear at the stationary phase. The extracellular DNase and RNase required magnesium as a form of a sulfate to give its ability to degrade DNA as well as RNA. The optimal concentration of magnesium was 0.004M for the reaction mixture. Calcium would not substitute for magnesium in the degradation of either DNA or RNA. The optimum pH of the DNase was found to be 8.5, and that of the RNase was found to be 8.0. The author wishes to thank Prof., Dr. H. Iizuka and Assist. Prof., Dr. K. Komagata (Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo, Japan)for their encouragement and help during this work.

한국 연안의 장염 비브리오균에 관한 연구 : 2. On the Morphological Characters and Biochemical Properties of Ⅴ. parahaemolyticus 2. 분리균의 특징에 관하여

최위경,이원재,전세규 釜山水産大學校 1971 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.11 No.1

우리 나라 연안의 V. parahaemolyticus의 분포에 관하여 전보에 발표하였다. 본보에서는 그들의 형태, 생리 및 생화학적 특징에 관하여 보고한다. 본 실험에서 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 배양적 특징을 보면 37±2℃, 20±2시간 배양과정에서 오랜지색으로 변하는 것과 37±2℃, 20±2시간 배양후 서서히 초록색에서 황색이나 황색을 띈 오랜지색으로 변화하였고, Milk시험에도 배양후 Alkali Curd로 변화하는 것과 Acid Curd로 변화하는 것 등이 구별되었다. 2) 발육 식염농도는 0.5∼10.0%까지의 범위를 관찰하였는데, 발육정도가 최저, 최적, 최고 등으로 구별할 수 있었다. 즉 1 Group는 7.0%에 발육이 왕성하였고, 2 Group는 7.0%까지는 발육이 왕성하나 10.0%에서 ±, 3 Group는 5.0%까지 발육이 왕성하나 7.0%에서 ±로 나타났다. 또한 세 Group 모두가 3.0%의 농도에서는 발육이 가장 왕성하였다. 3) 형태학적 특징은 Table 1과 같고 생리 및 생화학적 특징은 Table 2와 Table 3과 같다. The morphological characters and biochemical properties of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish, shellfish, mud, crustaceans, sea water and cephalophodas have been studied in order to determine the possible origins of food poisoning in Korea. The results are summarized as follows: 1. V. parahaemolyticus are divided into 3 groups, considering from the morphological characters and biochemical properties, because those have somewhat a difference in V.P. reaction, milk peptonization, color change on selective medium(TCBS agar) and growth rates of the concentration with sodium chloride in biochemical properties though they are almost the same in morphological characters. 2. The growth rate of Group 1 is abundant with 7% sodium chloride, the growth rate of Group 2 is abundant with 7% sodium chloride but moderate with 10.0% sodium chloride. The growth rate of Group 3 is abundant with 5% sodium chloride but moderate with 7% sodium chloride. 3. There are two types of color change on TCBS agar which are cultivated at 37±2℃ for 20±2 hours. One immediately changes to orange and the other changes from green to yellow or yellowish orange. 4. The morphological characters and biochemical properties are shown in Tables 1-3. The morphological characters and biochemical properties of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish, shellfish, mud, crustaceans, sea water and cephalophodas have been studied in order to determine the possible origins of food poisoning in Korea. The results are summarized as follows: 1. V. parahaemolyticus are divided into 3 groups, considering from the morphological characters and biochemical properties, because those have somewhat a difference in V.P. reaction, milk peptonization, color change on selective medium(TCBS agar) and growth rates of the concentration with sodium chloride in biochemical properties though they are almost the same in morphological characters. 2. The growth rate of Group 1 is abundant with 7% sodium chloride, the growth rate of Group 2 is abundant with 7% sodium chloride but moderate with 10.0% sodium chloride. The growth rate of Group 3 is abundant with 5% sodium chloride but moderate with 7% sodium chloride. 3. There are two types of color change on TCBS agar which are cultivated at 37±2℃ for 20±2 hours. One immediately changes to orange and the other changes from green to yellow or yellowish orange. 4. The morphological characters and biochemical properties are shown in Tables 1-3.

학습장애자의 직업재활 문제와 전망

강위영,정대영 大邱大學校 再活科學硏究所 1991 再活科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

we are taking a growing interests in special education and vocational rehabilitation for learning disabled students, but our approaches to them are not enough to meet their specific needs. In this paper, the special education and vocational rehabilitation for learning disabled students are reviewed, which implies the followings; First, the special education and vocational rehabilitation for LD students should be established legally and systematically. Second, our classifications for the handicapped should be improved to include all the handicapped, because present classification systems are much more simplfied than those of WHO's. Third, learning disabilities are lifelong probelms of individuals, therefore LD definition should be reconsidered in terms of special education and vocational rehabilitation, and educational approachs to them should be consider with their vocational rehabilitation. Fourth, being implemented through educational-industrial cooperation, special and vocational rehabilitation for LD will surmount the limitations in school environments and be able to expect more efficient results. In addition, more concrete subtypes of LD and appropriate programs for them should be studied and developed respectively. Educational systems for special teachers and rehabilitation specialists in this field should be prepared in college level.

希麟《音義》舌音考

李義活 대구효성가톨릭대학교 외국어문학연구소 1990 語文學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

韓國의 人口成長과 敎育發展의 問題

강위영 한국사회사업대학 1977 대학논문집 Vol.7 No.-

勞動力의 質的水準 向上과 經濟成長

宋瑋燮 亞洲大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the productivity of the labor force and educational attainment and experiences of the labor force. Examining the relationship between the quality change of the labor force due to improvement in educational attainment and changing age structure and the growth of the economy at the macro economic level is the additional objective of this study. In ordere to determine the effect of the changing characteristics of the labor force on overall economic growth of Korea during the postwar period and to obtain projections on future economic growth during the period 1980-2025, a specific form of the Cobb-Douglas type of production function is used. The estimation results show that the residual, or technical change as it is often designated, showed a growth rate of 2.1 percent per annum during the period 1955-1979. The labor share, or the elasticity of output with respect to labor input is estimated to be 0.31, whereas capital share is estimated to be 0.69. GNP grew by an annual rate of 7.6 percent during the period 1955-1979, and 0.27 percentage points, or 3.5 percent of the GNP growth rate was explained by the quality improvement of the labor.

回轉圓板에 의한 窒酸化에 關한 硏究

鄭渭得,奇文奉,安鍾洙 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1989 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.1

RBC system was used in order to accomplish the COD removal and nitrification simultaneously in one step. The effect of pH on nitrification rate was examined in a suspended growth system, using microorganism scraped from the rotating discs, and an optimum pH value was between 7.5 and 8.5. Nitrification was not accompanied by a large amount of dissolved oxygen supplied in the system. This might be attributed to the increased thickness of the COD - utilizer - biofilm limited oxygen and substrate transfer for nitrification under high COD loading. It was found that the COD loading must be reduced to below 0.027㎎/㎠·hr, for nitrification to occur in the rotating disc system, and that a multi - stage system could improve the treatment of waste waster containing both high COD and inorganic nitrogen.