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Sol-Hee Lee,Hack-Youn Kim 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.6
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of various salts on the physicochemical properties of pork emulsion sausages. Pork sausages were prepared using two different salts, sodium nitrite (SN) and sodium chloride (SC), and concentrated seawater (CSW). The CIE L*, CIE a*, and CIE b*, and chroma values of cooked and uncooked sausages with added CSW were significantly higher than those of the sausages with added SC (p<0.05). However, uncooked and cooked sausages with added SN and CSW had similar CIE a* values (p>0.05). The residual NO₂⁻ content of sausages with added CSW was significantly lower than that of sausages with added SN. Addition of CSW to sausages resulted in a higher cooking yield compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). Addition of SC resulted in significantly higher volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, addition of CSW enhanced important physicochemical properties, including CIE a*, CIE b*, residual nitrite content, cooking yield, VBN, TBA, textural properties, and crosssectional area.
Effect of Seawater on the Technological Properties of Chicken Emulsion Sausage in a Model System
Sol Hee Lee,Juhui Choe,Jong-Chan Kim,Hack Youn Kim 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.3
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of seawater to that of conventional salt (NaCl) on the technological properties of chicken emulsion sausages in a model system. Chicken sausages were prepared with seawater at three levels (10%, 15%, and 20%) in iced water (10%, 5%, and 0%, respectively) or with iced water (20%) and salt (1.2%). There was no difference in pH values and fat loss from emulsion stability between the two treatments. In general, with an increase in the amount of seawater, the water holding capacity (cooking yield and water loss), protein solubility (total and myofibrillar protein), and viscosity were increased. The addition of 20% seawater induced greater (p<0.05) water holding capacity, protein solubility, and viscosity compared to the control sample treated with salt, which was accompanied by an increase in the level of myosin heavy chain protein of samples with 10% and 20% seawater. Furthermore, addition of at least 15% seawater increased all of the main textural properties except for cohesiveness along with the moisture of sausage, whereas the fat and protein contents were decreased. Based on these results, the addition of ≥15% seawater to chicken breast sausage can induce equivalent or enhanced technological properties to those induced with salt, including water holding capacity, protein solubility, viscosity, and textural properties.
Homo-succinic acid production by metabolically engineered <i>Mannheimia succiniciproducens</i>
Lee, Jeong Wook,Yi, Jongho,Kim, Tae Yong,Choi, Sol,Ahn, Jung Ho,Song, Hyohak,Lee, Moon-Hee,Lee, Sang Yup Elsevier 2016 Metabolic engineering Vol.38 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Succinic acid (SA) is a four carbon dicarboxylic acid of great industrial interest that can be produced by microbial fermentation. Here we report development of a high-yield homo-SA producing <I>Mannheimia succiniciproducens</I> strain by metabolic engineering. The PALFK strain (<I>ldhA</I> <SUP> <I>-</I> </SUP>, <I>pta</I> <SUP> <I>-</I> </SUP>, <I>ackA</I> <SUP> <I>-</I> </SUP> <I>, fruA</I> <SUP> <I>-</I> </SUP>) was developed based on optimization of carbon flux towards SA production while minimizing byproducts formation through the integrated application of <I>in silico</I> genome-scale metabolic flux analysis, omics analyses, and reconstruction of central carbon metabolism. Based on <I>in silico</I> simulation, utilization of sucrose would enhance the SA production and cell growth rates, while consumption of glycerol would reduce the byproduct formation rates. Thus, sucrose and glycerol were selected as dual carbon sources to improve the SA yield and productivity, while deregulation of catabolite-repression was also performed in engineered <I>M. succiniciproducens</I>. Fed-batch fermentations of PALFK with low- and medium-density (OD<SUB>600</SUB> of 0.4 and 9.0, respectively) inocula produced 69.2 and 78.4g/L of homo-SA with yields of 1.56 and 1.64mol/mol glucose equivalent and overall volumetric SA productivities of 2.50 and 6.02g/L/h, respectively, using sucrose and glycerol as dual carbon sources. The SA productivity could be further increased to 38.6g/L/h by employing a membrane cell recycle bioreactor system. The systems metabolic engineering strategies employed here for achieving homo-SA production with the highest overall performance indices reported to date will be generally applicable for developing superior industrial microorganisms and competitive processes for the bio-based production of other chemicals as well.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Mannheimia succiniciproducens</I> was engineered to produce homo-succinic acid. </LI> <LI> Different carbon sources were examined for optimal succinic acid production. </LI> <LI> Catabolic repression deregulation allowed co-fermentation of sucrose and glycerol. </LI> <LI> High productivity and yield of homo-succinic acid were achieved. </LI> <LI> Membrane cell recycling fermentation resulted in productivity of 38.6g/L/h. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Lee Eunyoung,Park Sehee,Choi Jae-Phil,Kim Min-Kyung,Yang Eunmi,Ham Sin Young,Lee Seungjae,Lee Bora,Yang Jeong-Sun,Park Byoung Kwon,Kim Da Sol,Lee So-Young,Lee Joo-Yeon,Jang Hee-Chang,Jeon Jaehyun,Park 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.8
Background: Information on the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir against the omicron is limited. The clinical response and viral kinetics to therapy in the real world need to be evaluated. Methods: Mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with risk factors for severe illness were prospectively enrolled as a treatment group with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy versus a control group with supportive care. Serial viral load and culture from the upper respiratory tract were evaluated for seven days, and clinical responses and adverse reactions were evaluated for 28 days. Results: A total of 51 patients were analyzed including 40 in the treatment group and 11 in the control group. Faster symptom resolution during hospitalization (P = 0.048) was observed in the treatment group. Only minor adverse reactions were reported in 27.5% of patients. The viral load on Day 7 was lower in the treatment group (P = 0.002). The viral culture showed a positivity of 67.6% (25/37) vs. 100% (6/6) on Day 1, 0% (0/37) vs. 16.7 (1/6) on Day 5, and 0% (0/16) vs. 50.0% (2/4) on Day 7 in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Conclusions: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir against the omicron was safe and resulted in negative viral culture conversion after Day 5 of treatment with better symptomatic resolution.