문학반응이론에 의한 보건의학기술계열 국가시험개선방안에 관한 연구

이창규,이승관,조경진,박종성,정수경,유병서,박상숙,윤효숙,황선철,문경환,김정민,함용운,김지환,임국환,김영순,윤경희,황성준 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1998 保健科學論集 Vol.24 No.1

The nationally-governed examinations for certification of allied health professions in Korea have been continued for thirty three years. During that time, there were a lot of managerial improvements in carrying out the examinations, for example, the looking-over the papers converted from manual method to computerized one. Nevertheless, the overall aspects of item management in the national examinations are still remained as obsolete style. In some developed countries they have already tried or adopted computerized system in making questions, executing item analysis, developing item banking, and in overall management of examinations, looking over papers for their national licensure examinations, and have established good reputations. Since the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board was established in 1998, now we can expect there would be a lots of improvements in the managerial systems and organizational structures associated with the national licensing examinations suggesting followings. 1. The contents and scope of the licensing examinations based on job analysis should be announced publicaly. 2. Items should be developed based on the scopes and contents of job characteristics. 3. All the developed items for the licensing examinations should be tested quantitatively prior to banking items. 4. All the parameters of the stored items should be fully estimated through item response theory. 5. All the efforts should be given in order to execute the examinations in individual residential areas on behalf of every examinee. 6. To the licensing examination system the Computerized Adaptive Testing system should be introduced in order to enhance the efficiencies. 7. Security enhancement on the stored items should be reminded in order to prevent leaking out the banking items. 8. Much more improvements should be made for the proper job evaluations. 9. Every efforts should be given to prevent cheatings encountable during the examinations. 10. Make the best of professional volunteers from the various fields in the execution of licensing examinations. 11. Consider a new system in that examinations can be executed twice or more in a year. 12. The current methods of presiding over the examinations should be replaced by a more reasonable one. 13. The results of the examinations should be announced as soon as possible in order not to prolong the examinees' unemployment periods. 14. The National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board should try to rationalize the management keeping step with the information-oriented society.

<i>Bacillus</i>‐derived poly‐γ‐glutamic acid attenuates allergic airway inflammation through a Toll‐like receptor‐4‐dependent pathway in a murine model of asthma

Lee, K.,Kim, S.‐,H.,Yoon, H. J.,Paik, D. J.,Kim, J. M.,Youn, J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Clinical and experimental allergy Vol.41 No.8

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background </B> Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that is mediated by Th2 responses. Poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) is an extracellular polymeric compound that is synthesized by <I>Bacillus</I> cells. Previously, we found that γ‐PGA promoted Th1 cell development in a manner dependent on antigen‐presenting cells, but inhibited Th2 cell development.</P><P><B>Objective </B> To investigate the effect of γ‐PGA on dendritic cells (DCs), and its potential for treating Th2‐mediated allergic asthma.</P><P><B>Methods </B> Wild‐type, Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2 deficient, and TLR‐4‐defective mice were used. DCs derived from the bone marrow and extracted from the lung were stimulated with γ‐PGA and assayed for the expression of signalling molecules, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. They were repeatedly injected intranasally with γ‐PGA before and during the challenge period, and inflammation and structural remodelling of the airways were examined.</P><P><B>Results </B> γ‐PGA selectively signalled conventional DCs to activate NF‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase, leading to the up‐regulation of CD86, CD40, and IL‐12, but not IL‐10 and IL‐6. These effects of γ‐PGA were dependent on TLR‐4 and independent of TLR‐2. Importantly, the intranasal administration of γ‐PGA to OVA‐sensitized/challenged mice reduced the airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic inflammation such as leucocyte influx, goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophilia, and Th2 cytokine production. In addition to lowered IgE titres, the treatment of mice with γ‐PGA significantly reduced the multiplication and Th2 polarization of mediastinal lymph node T cells upon allergen‐specific restimulation. These anti‐asthmatic effects of γ‐PGA were also abolished in TLR‐4‐defective mice.</P><P><B>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance </B> Our data indicate that γ‐PGA activates DCs to favour Th1 cell induction through a TLR‐4‐dependent pathway and alleviates pathologic symptoms in a Th2‐biased asthmatic model. These findings highlight the potential of γ‐PGA for the treatment of asthma and other allergic disease in which Th2 polarization plays an important role.</P><P> <I>Cite this as</I>: K. Lee, S.‐H. Kim, H. J. Yoon, D. J. Paik, J. M. Kim and J. Youn, <I>Clinical & Experimental Allergy</I>, 2011 (41) 1143–1156.</P>

Molecular Analysis Oculocutaneous Albinism Patients in Korea

Hwang, J. H Korean Dermatological Association 1997 Annals of Dermatology Vol.9 No.3

Particle distribution in melt-processed Y_1.5 Ba₂Cu₃O_x superconductors with BaCeO₃ addition

Youn, J.S.,No, K.,Kim, Y.H.,Mahmood, A.,Jun, B.H.,Han, Y.H.,Sung, T.H.,Kim, C.J. North-Holland 2009 Physica. C, Superconductivity Vol.469 No.15

To understand the effect of BaCeO<SUB>3</SUB> on a Y<SUB>2</SUB>BaCuO<SUB>5</SUB> (Y211) distribution, Y<SUB>1.5</SUB>Ba<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>x</SUB> (Y1.5) superconductors with/without 1wt.% BaCeO<SUB>3</SUB> additions were prepared by a top-seeded melt-textured growth (TSMG) process. Two different BaCeO<SUB>3</SUB> powders (as-synthesized (coarse powder) and an attrition-milled (fine powder)) were used and the size effect was compared with that obtained from a Y1.5 sample with no addition. A refinement of the Y211 particles was achieved for both the as-synthesized and attrition-milled BaCeO<SUB>3</SUB> additions. The distribution of the Y211 particles was most uniform in the Y1.5 sample prepared with the attrition-milled BaCeO<SUB>3</SUB> powder due to the reduced size of the Y211-free regions by the fine size BaCeO<SUB>3</SUB> addition. The highest J<SUB>c</SUB> was achieved in the Y1.5 sample prepared with the attrition-milled BaCeO<SUB>3</SUB> powder. The J<SUB>c</SUB> result agreed well with the microstructure variations by the addition of BaCeO<SUB>3</SUB> powders.

Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis of Normal Human Melanocytes and G361 Cells

Kim, Y. G Korean Dermatological Association 1998 Annals of Dermatology Vol.10 No.3

von Hippel–Lindau protein promotes Skp2 destabilization on DNA damage

Roe, J-S,Kim, H-R,Hwang, I-Y,Cho, E-J,Youn, H-D Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011 Oncogene Vol.30 No.28

Germline mutations in the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene cause VHL disease, a rare and autosomal-dominant genetic syndrome. Because VHL protein (pVHL) is the master regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIFα), the most prominent feature of VHL disease is the deregulation of HIFα proteins. However, the precise mechanism by which the loss of pVHL function contributes to tumorigenesis is not fully understood. Here, we show that pVHL destabilizes the F-box protein Skp2, a chief component of Skp, Cullin, F-box-containing complex that promotes DNA synthesis in the S phase. The β-domain of pVHL interacts with Skp2, stimulating proteasome-dependent Skp2 degradation, but the destabilization of Skp2 does not depend on the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of pVHL. Notably, the generation of DNA damage induces Skp2 degradation, which is attenuated by the suppression of endogenous pVHL expression. One possible mechanism of pVHL-dependent Skp2 degradation entails the antagonizing of Akt-mediated Skp2 phosphorylation, which maintains Skp2 stability. Reintroduction of VHL into VHL-null renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells decreased Skp2 levels and restored DNA damage-dependent Skp2 degradation. These results identify the tumor suppressor function of pVHL in delaying the S-phase progression to inhibit cell proliferation on DNA damage. Clinically, this report explains as to why Skp2 accumulates abnormally in RCC tissues.

Biochemical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties of long-acting lithocholic acid derivatized exendin-4 analogs

Chae, S.Y.,Jin, C.H.,Shin, J.H.,Son, S.,Kim, T.H.,Lee, S.,Youn, Y.S.,Byun, Y.,Lee, M.S.,Lee, K.C. Elsevier Science Publishers 2010 Journal of controlled release Vol.142 No.2

Alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of peptide drugs can transform their biological and pharmaceutical features. In the present study, we explored the potentials of lithocholic acid (LCA)-modified exendin-4 derivatives as novel long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists. Exendin-4 was modified with lithocholic acid at two lysine residues to produce three derivatives that were obtained by reverse-phase HPLC separation, namely, Lys<SUP>12</SUP>-LCA-exendin-4 (LCA-M2), Lys<SUP>27</SUP>-LCA-exendin-4 (LCA-M1), and Lys<SUP>12,27</SUP>-LCA-exendin-4 (LCA-Di)). The biological, pharmacological, and physicochemical characteristics of these three exendin-4 analogues were then investigated. Although slight reductions in the GLP-1 receptor binding capacity and insulinotropic activity of exendin-4 were observed after derivatization, the mono-LCA substitutions, especially LCA-M1, well-preserved antidiabetic activity in type 2 diabetic mice when administered subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic characteristics were dramatically enhanced, that is, absorption was delayed and elimination half-life was increased (1.6+/-0.4 and 9.7+/-1.4h by exendin-4 and LCA-M1, respectively). The enhanced long-acting characteristics of the derivative was found to be due to albumin binding and nanoparticle formation, and these were verified by the restoration of normoglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice after single injection (>24h, >10nmol/kg, s.c.) and daily injections (15nmol/kg/day) maintained normoglycemia for the 4-week administration period. Furthermore, antidiabetic potentials, such as, glucose clearance kinetics and percentage areas occupied by pancreatic β-cells were also enhanced by long-term LCA-M1 administration. The present study demonstrates that the derivatization of exendin-4 with LCA offers a possible means of producing a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Micropropagation of Superior Variety of Japanese Pepper Tree (Zanthoxylum piperitum Dc.)

Son, S. H 한국식물조직배양학회 1995 식물생명공학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Heat, heat waves, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Kang, S.H.,Oh, I.Y.,Heo, J.,Lee, H.,Kim, J.,Lim, W.H.,Cho, Y.,Choi, E.K.,Yi, S.M.,Sang, D.S.,Kim, H.,Youn, T.J.,Chae, I.H.,Oh, S. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.221 No.-

<P>Objective: Cardiac arrest is one of the common presentations of cardiovascular disorders and a leading cause of death. There are limited data on the relationship between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and ambient temperatures, specifically extreme heat. This study investigated how heat and heat waves affect the occurrence of OHCA. Methods: Seven major cities in Korea with more than 1 million residents were included in this study. A heat wave was defined as a daily mean temperature above the 98th percentile of the yearly distribution for at least two consecutive days. Results: A total of 50,318 OHCAs of presumed cardiac origin were identified from the nationwide emergency medical service database between 2006 and 2013. Ambient temperature and OHCA had a J-shaped relationship with a trough at 28 degrees C. Heat waves were shown to be associated with a 14-% increase in the risk of OHCA. Adverse effects were apparent from the beginning of each heat wave period and slightly increased during its continuation. Excess OHCA events during heat waves occurred between 3 PM and 5 PM. Subgroup analysis showed that those 65 years or older were significantly more susceptible to heat waves. Conclusions: Ambient temperature and OHCA had a J-shaped relationship. The risk of OHCA was significantly increased with heat waves. Excess OHCA events primarily occurred during the afternoon when the temperature was high. We found that the elderly were more susceptible to the deleterious effects of heat waves. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

충청지역에서 발생한 쭈쭈가무시병의 임상상, 원인균의 혈청형 및 혈청역학적 연구

김선영,김윤성,박장규,윤태영,강재승,송인숙,최명식,최인학,차창룡,이우곤,박종우,이증훈,장우현,유영해,윤광혁,송계용 대한감염학회 1989 감염 Vol.21 No.2

From September to december 1987, eighty-six cases of tsutsugamushi disease were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorecent test or by isolating the causative agent in Chungcheung area. Their clinical features and patterns of antibody response to R. tsutsugamushi were analyzed. For the indenfication of prevalent antigenic types of R. tsutsugamushi in Chungcheung area, twenty-seven strains isolated were tested by indirect immunofluorescent test. To assess the extent of exposure to R.tsutsugamushi of a general population in Korea, the prevalence of antibody was investigated in 6,572 sera obtained from the residents of Chungcheung area by indirect immunofluorescent test. The female patients slightly outnumbered the male patients. More cases (68%) were older than 40 years of age. The epidemic peaked in October. The mean incubation period estimated was about 8 days. The major clinical features were fever and chill, headache, rash, eschar, and lymphadenopathy. Increased serm transaminase was the most singificant laboratory findings. Abnormalities in the chest roentgenography were often observed. The antibody titer rose rapidly 5 days after the onset, reached its peak at 20 days (1:640), and then declined agradually until 7 months(1:20). The seroype of 23 out of the 27 isolates wase found to be karp, one was Gilliam, and 3 isolates could not be classified by using polyclonal mouse hyperimmune sera. The prevalence of antibody to R.tsutsugamushi in the residents of Chungcheung area was 4.8%. The prevalence of antibody was higher in the female than in the male. The prevalence was higher in the residents of age above 40 years than below 40 years, and was the lowest in the children less than 10 years of age. Of the 318 positive sera from normal residents, only 2 sera showed the titers higher than 1:80.