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Q.K. Sheng,Z.J. Yang,H.B. Zhao,X.L. Wang,J.F. Guo 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8
The effects of daily dietary Bacillus subtilis (Bs), and adding L-tryptophan, fructan, or casein to fecal fermentation broths were investigated as means to reduce the production of noxious gas during manure fermentation caused by ammonia, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and 3-methylindole (skatole). Eighty swine (50.0±0.5 kg) were equally apportioned to an experimental group given Bs in daily feed, or a control group without Bs. After 6 weeks, fresh manure was collected from both groups for fermentation studies using a 3×3 orthogonal array, in which tryptophan, casein, and fructan were added at various concentrations. After fermentation, the ammonia, H2S, L-tryptophan, skatole, and microflora were measured. In both groups, L-tryptophan was the principle additive increasing skatole production, with significant correlation (r = 0.9992). L-tryptophan had no effect on the production of ammonia, H2S, or skatole in animals fed Bs. In both groups, fructan was the principle additive that reduced H2S production (r = 0.9981). Fructan and Bs significantly interacted in H2S production (p = 0.014). Casein was the principle additive affecting the concentration of ammonia, only in the control group. Casein and Bs significantly interacted in ammonia production (p = 0.039). The predominant bacteria were Bacillus spp. CWBI B1434 (26%) in the control group, and Streptococcus alactolyticus AF201899 (36%) in the experimental group. In summary, daily dietary Bs reduced ammonia production during fecal fermentation. Lessening L-tryptophan and increasing fructan in the fermentation broth reduced skatole and H2S.
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Sheng, Q.K.,Yang, Z.J.,Zhao, H.B.,Wang, X.L.,Guo, J.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8
The effects of daily dietary Bacillus subtilis (Bs), and adding L-tryptophan, fructan, or casein to fecal fermentation broths were investigated as means to reduce the production of noxious gas during manure fermentation caused by ammonia, hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), and 3-methylindole (skatole). Eighty swine ($50.0{\pm}0.5kg$) were equally apportioned to an experimental group given Bs in daily feed, or a control group without Bs. After 6 weeks, fresh manure was collected from both groups for fermentation studies using a $3{\times}3$ orthogonal array, in which tryptophan, casein, and fructan were added at various concentrations. After fermentation, the ammonia, $H_2S$, L-tryptophan, skatole, and microflora were measured. In both groups, L-tryptophan was the principle additive increasing skatole production, with significant correlation (r = 0.9992). L-tryptophan had no effect on the production of ammonia, $H_2S$, or skatole in animals fed Bs. In both groups, fructan was the principle additive that reduced $H_2S$ production (r = 0.9981). Fructan and Bs significantly interacted in $H_2S$ production (p = 0.014). Casein was the principle additive affecting the concentration of ammonia, only in the control group. Casein and Bs significantly interacted in ammonia production (p = 0.039). The predominant bacteria were Bacillus spp. CWBI B1434 (26%) in the control group, and Streptococcus alactolyticus AF201899 (36%) in the experimental group. In summary, daily dietary Bs reduced ammonia production during fecal fermentation. Lessening L-tryptophan and increasing fructan in the fermentation broth reduced skatole and $H_2S$.
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Sun, G.A.,Wang, X.L.,Wang, Y.D.,Woo, W.C.,Wang, H.,Liu, X.P.,Chen, B.,Fu, Y.Q.,Sheng, L.S.,Ren, Y. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.560 No.-
High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique was used to in-situ characterize microstructure, lattice strain, and phase transition behavior of a Ni<SUB>47</SUB>Ti<SUB>44</SUB>Nb<SUB>9</SUB> shape memory alloy. Phase transformation kinetics and deformation mechanisms were studied under a uniaxial tension at three testing temperatures, i.e., -70<SUP>o</SUP>C, 25<SUP>o</SUP>C, and 150<SUP>o</SUP>C. At a testing temperature of -70<SUP>o</SUP>C, a complicated phase transformation with four stages of micromechanical deformation was identified which is associated with changes of martensite substructures. At room temperature of 25<SUP>o</SUP>C, there was no stress-induced selection process of variants of B19' phases observed. Whereas at a testing temperature of 150<SUP>o</SUP>C, there was no any phase transformation observed. It is verified that β-Nb phase, an effective stabilizer for the austenite, delays the process of martensitic transformation and relaxes the strain energy without strengthening the matrix. This new finding is important to understand the relationship between the micromechanical deformation behavior and phase transformations in the Ni<SUB>47</SUB>Ti<SUB>44</SUB>Nb<SUB>9</SUB> SMA.
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Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST
Wang M.,Liu L.,Zhao L.M.,Li M.H.,Ma W.D.,Hu H.C.,Wu Z.G.,Feng J.Q.,Yang Y.,Zhu L.,Chen M.,Zhou T.A.,Jia H.,Zhang J.,Cao L.,Zhang L.,Liang R.R.,Ding B.J.,Zhang X.J.,Shan J.F.,Liu F.K.,Ekedahl A.,Gonich 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11
Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2 . Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 C, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 C). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-activemultijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5 toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected
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Jia, Yuefa,Wu, Changjin,Kim, Deok-Hyeon,Lee, B.W.,Rhee, S.J.,Park, Yun Chang,Kim, Chul Sung,Wang, Q.J.,Liu, Chunli Elsevier 2018 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.337 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present work, N doped BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> (N-BFO) nanoparticles have been synthesized via a sol-gel rapid calcination technique using melamine (C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>N<SUB>6</SUB>) as the N precursor. It is found that N-doping could effectively narrow the band gap of BFO, which obviously enhanced the visible light adsorption capability. Meanwhile, N-doping could lead to significant increase in the magnetization of BFO. Particularly, the saturation magnetization (<I>M<SUB>s</SUB> </I>) was increased up to 0.35 emu/g (as compared to that of pure BFO: 0.07 emu/g) when 12.5 mmol N doping precursor was used (12.5N-BFO). The catalytic performance of N-BFO nanoparticles was evaluated through the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under visible light irradiation. 12.5N-BFO was found to be an efficient catalyst of BPA, and the addition of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> (10 mmol/L) or H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> (10 mmol/L)/<SMALL>L</SMALL>-cysteine (0.25 mmol/L) can further enhance the degradation efficiency up to 60% and 94% within 120 min, respectively. The 12.5N-BFO nanoparticles were very stable during photocatalytic processes and their photo-Fenton catalytic activity can be retained even after three recycling processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N doped BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> have been synthesized using melamine as the N precursor. </LI> <LI> The band gap and saturation magnetization of N doped BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> is tunable. </LI> <LI> N doped BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> shows enhanced efficient degradation of bisphenol A. </LI> <LI> Addition of <SMALL>L</SMALL>-cysteine can further enhanced photodegradation performance. </LI> <LI> A mechanism of bisphenol A degradation was proposed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A
B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8
A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.
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On weakly associative BCI-algebras
Wang, Y.Q.,Wei, S.N.,Jun, Y.B. Korean Mathematical Society 1996 대한수학회논문집 Vol.11 No.3
In this paper, we introduce the notion of weakly associative BCI-algebras and investigate structure of it. Some of characterizations of elements of the quasi-associative part Q(X) of a BCI-algebra X are shown.
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Neppolian, B.,Wang, Q.,Jung, H.,Choi, H. Elsevier 2008 Ultrasonics sonochemistry Vol.15 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nano-size TiO<SUB>2</SUB> photocatalysts were prepared by sol-gel and ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel methods using two different sources of ultrasonicator, i.e., a bath type and tip type. The physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts were investigated by BET, XRD and TEM analyses and the photocatalytic properties of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> catalysts prepared by three different methods were compared. The intrinsic and extrinsic properties of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, such as the particle size, surface area, pore-volume, pore-diameter, crystallinity as well as anatase, rutile and brookite phase ratios, could be controlled by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method. During this preparation method, the effect of such important operating variables as the ultrasonic irradiation time, power density, the ultrasonic sources (bath-type and tip-type), magnetic stirring during synthesis, initial temperatures and size of the reactors are discussed here. It was found that each of the parameters played a significant role in controlling the properties of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nano-particles. Among the three different methods, TiO<SUB>2</SUB> photocatalysts prepared by ultrasonic (tip-US) assisted sol-gel possessed the smallest particle size, highest surface area and highest pore-volume than the catalysts prepared by the other two methods. 4-Chlorophenol was used as a pollutant to observe the photocatalytic degradation ability of the prepared photocatalysts and the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> catalysts prepared by the bath-US ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method were shown to be the most highly active. This is due to their high surface area and high pore-diameter. This study clearly demonstrates the importance and advantages of ultrasonication in the modification and improvement of the photocatalytic properties of mesoporous nano-size TiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles.</P>
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