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K. Q. Wang,C. Fang,G. Q. Li,B. A. Izzuddin 한국강구조학회 2011 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.11 No.4
Extreme loading such as blast and impact usually lead to a disastrous damage on targeted columns, such that the column can be seen as completely removed. Under this circumstance, the ‘double-span’ beam system bridging over the removed column can deflect greatly, and catenary action of the beam plays an important role in enhancing its resistance. In this context, a reliable evaluation of the boundary axial stiffness is crucial in predicting the actual response of axially restrained beams. Although a considerable number of factors affecting the boundary restraints of the beam in a frame have been investigated, the influences of planar stiffness offered by surrounding slabs systems have hardly been addressed. This paper proposes a design-oriented procedure for evaluating the boundary axial stiffness provided by adjacent slab systems. Firstly, three components that contribute to the axial restrain stiffness are identified, namely, slabs, steel beams and studs. Then nonlinear deformation functions of the components are proposed, from which the axial restraining stiffness formulas are derived. Due to the fact that only a part of slab length is attributed to resisting the external force if a sufficient slab length is allowed, an ‘effective length’has to be considered. The axial stiffness formulas are then modified on the basis of the effective length. Subsequently, the reliability of the proposed formulas is validated against a case study of twenty FE examples, and good correlations are observed. Finally, additional stiffness offered by the minor axis bending of the steel beams perpendicular to the restrained beam is investigated, and it is found that the influence is relatively small, and thus can be ignored.
One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material
Wang, L.,Meric, I.,Huang, P. Y.,Gao, Q.,Gao, Y.,Tran, H.,Taniguchi, T.,Watanabe, K.,Campos, L. M.,Muller, D. A.,Guo, J.,Kim, P.,Hone, J.,Shepard, K. L.,Dean, C. R. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.342 No.6158
<P><B>Better Contact Along the Edge</B></P><P>Electrical contact to graphene is normally done with metal contacts on its flat face, where there are few strong bonding sites for the metal. <B>Wang <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 614) encapsulated graphene with hexagonal boron nitride sheets and made metal contacts along its edge, where bonding orbitals are exposed. The resulting heterostructures had high electronic performance, with room-temperature carrier mobilities near the theoretical phonon-scattering limit.</P>
Q. WANG,A. A. FRANK 한국자동차공학회 2014 International journal of automotive technology Vol.15 No.1
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Plug-in HEV) has dramatic improvements in fuel economy and emissionreduction. It is most important to decide its optimal configuration, energy management strategy, powertrain sizes, and controllogic parameters. For multi-objective optimization, we present a concurrent optimization methodology based on an optimalPlug-in HEV powertrain configuration with continuous variable transmission (CVT). The novelty is using evolutionaryalgorithm in conjunction with an instantaneous optimal energy management strategy. Simulation results indicate the proposedmethod can significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions by simultaneously optimizing the propulsion systemparameters as well as the energy control parameters.
Wang, J.S.,Guo, T.Y.,Wang, Y.X.,Li, K.X.,Wang, Q.,Zhan, X.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.6
Objective: This experiment studied the effects of first feed intake time post-hatch on growth performance, nutrient apparent metabolic rate and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in broilers. Methods: Two thousand five hundred and twenty LingNan Yellow broilers were randomly allotted to seven treatments with six replicates of 60 each. The only experimental factor was the first feed intake time which was 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, and 54 hours after hatching. The whole experiment lasted for 21 days. Results: During the whole period, the 30 h treatment had the best body weight and average daily gain (p<0.05), followed by the 24 h group performance optimization. Also, the 30 h group was observed to have the best apparent metabolic rate for ether extract (p<0.05) and crude protein (p<0.05) and the highest activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in small intestine. And the 24 h group was second only to the 30 h group in terms of the above two measures. Conclusion: These results indicated that the appropriate first feeding time of LingNan Yellow broilers was 24 to 30 hours after hatching.
Wang, Y.Q.,Afsar, A.M.,Jang, J.H.,Han, K.S.,Song, J.I. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2010 Wear: An international journal on the science and Vol.268 No.7
This study investigates the room temperature sliding wear behaviors of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3f</SUB> and SiC<SUB>p</SUB> reinforced aluminum matrix hybrid composites under both the dry and lubricant conditions. The effects of fiber orientation of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3f</SUB> and hybrid ratio of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3f</SUB> volume fraction to SiC<SUB>p</SUB> volume fraction on the wear behaviors are discussed in details. The composite specimens with different fiber orientations and hybrid ratios were fabricated by squeeze casting method. The tests were carried out using a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester by sliding the pin specimens at a constant speed of 0.36m/s (570rpm) against a steel counter disk. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the worn surfaces and debris were analyzed to understand the modes of wear. The results of dry sliding tests showed that the F20P0 unhybrid composites with normal (N)-orientation of fibers had better wear behaviors than those with planer-random (PR)-orientation of fibers. However, for hybrid composites, the wear behaviors were better for PR-orientation of fibers. On the contrary, the lubricant wear behaviors of F20P0 unhybrid composites with PR-orientation of fibers were superior to those with N-orientation of fibers while the hybrid composites exhibited the reverse lubricant wear behaviors.
Wang, D.H.,Kyaw, A.K.K.,Du, Q.G.,Choi, D.G.,Park, J.H. Elsevier Science 2014 Organic Electronics Vol.15 No.11
Various nano-patterned bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) films with different diameters and pitches were fabricated by a stamping method to tailor the plasmonic effect. The nanopatterned BHJ active layers exhibit regular-ordered embossing structures, which were confirmed by the surface morphological analysis with SEM and AFM. The simulation results confirm that devices with nanopatterned BHJ film with a diameter/pitch of 265/400nm exhibit a strong improvement in E-field distribution intensity due to the combination of the plasmonic and waveguide modes compared to devices without a nanopattern, with 150/400nm, or with 265/800nm, which led to increased J<SUB>SC</SUB> and cell efficiency in J-V curves under solar light illumination. The optimized plasmonic effect plays an important role in the light harvesting of BHJ devices.
Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST
Wang M.,Liu L.,Zhao L.M.,Li M.H.,Ma W.D.,Hu H.C.,Wu Z.G.,Feng J.Q.,Yang Y.,Zhu L.,Chen M.,Zhou T.A.,Jia H.,Zhang J.,Cao L.,Zhang L.,Liang R.R.,Ding B.J.,Zhang X.J.,Shan J.F.,Liu F.K.,Ekedahl A.,Gonich 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11
Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2 . Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 C, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 C). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-activemultijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5 toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected
Q.H. Peng,N.A. Khan,B. Xue,T.H. Yan,Z.S. Wang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of protein concentrate supplementation on the growth performance of yak calves, and correlated the growth rate to changes occurring in the plasma- amino acids, -insulin profile, and signaling activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade to characterize the mechanism through which the protein synthesis can be improved in early weaned yaks. Methods: For this study, 48 early (3 months old) weaned yak calves were selected, and assigned into four dietary treatments according to randomized complete block design. The four blocks were balanced for body weight and sex. The yaks were either grazed on natural pasture (control diet) in a single herd or the grazing yaks was supplemented with one of the three protein rich supplements containing low (17%; LP), medium (19%; MP), or high (21%; HP) levels of crude proteins for a period of 30 days. Results: Results showed that the average daily gain of calves increased (0.14 vs 0.23-0.26 kg; p<0.05) with protein concentrates supplementation. The concentration of plasma methionine increased (p<0.05; 8.6 vs 10.1-12.4 μmol/L), while those of serine and tyrosine did not change (p>0.05) when the grazing calves were supplemented with protein concentrates. Compared to control diet, the insulin level of calves increased (p<0.05; 1.86 vs 2.16-2.54 μIU/mL) with supplementation of protein concentrates. Addition of protein concentrates up-regulated (p<0.05) expression of mTOR-raptor, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, the translational regulators eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and S6 kinase 1 genes in both Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. In contrast, the expression of sequestosome 1 was down-regulated in the concentrate supplemented calves. Conclusion: Our results show that protein supplementation improves the growth performance of early weaned yak calves, and that plasma methionine and insulin concentrations were the key mediator for gene expression and protein deposition in the muscles.