제약업종 부산물 및 화장품 제조업 폐수처리오니의 고추 비해에 미치는 영향

임동규,이상범,권순익,이승환,소규호,성기석,고문환 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 퇴비의 원료로 지정된 제약업종 부산물(공정오니) 및 화장품 제조업 폐수처리오니를 시용한 후 고추를 재배하면서 시용한 오니에 의한 작물의 비료의 피해를 밝히기 위해 포장에서 작물의 생육과 수량(적과, 청과), 시기별로 토양 및 식물체 중 중금속 함량 등을 조사하였다. 토양 중 유기물 및 질소성분은 시험재료의 성분함량이 높은 처리구에서 생육 초기(6월 11일)에 높았다. 토양의 중금속 성분에서 전함량의 경우 As성분은 생육 중기(7월 8일)에 함량이 급격히 높아졌다가 감소하였으며 Zn·Cu·Pb·Cd성분은 수확기에 갑자기 함량이 증가하였고, 1 N-HCI 가용함량에서 Zn·Cu·Pb·As성분은 생육 중기에 증가하였다가 감소하는 경향이었다. 고추의 생육(초장, 간경)은 초기에는 오니구(제약오니3구 제외)가 화학비료구보다 전반적으로 불량하였는데 이는 유기물 함량이 높은 미 부숙된 오니의 영향인 것으로 생각되며, 생육 후기에는 회복이 되어서 화장품 오니구를 제외하고는 서로 비슷하였다. 고추 식물체(잎, 줄기)의 질소함량에서 생육 초기 및 중기에 제약오니1과 돈분구가 높은 것은 이들 시험재료의 유기물 및 질소성분의 특성과 함량에 기인된 것으로 보이며, 식물체 중 중금속 함량에서 잎은 Zn·Pb·Ni성분이, 줄기는 Zn·Pb성분이 수확기에 급격히 높아졌으므로 이들 성분에 대해서 주의할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. 고추의 총 적과 수량은 가축분뇨 > 제약오니3 > 제약오니1 > 화학비료 > 제약오니2구 순으로 낮아졌으며, 화장품오니구는 타 처리구보다 상당히 감수하였다. 수확기 고차 청과 및 적과의 중금속 함량은 Zn과 Cu성분이 타 성분들보다 높았고, 처리별로는 청과에서 Zn 및 Ni성분은 제약오니1구가, Pb성분은 제약오니3구가 타 처리구들보다 조금 높아서 유기성 오니를 퇴비원료로 사용할 경우 오니 중의 Zn·Cu·Pb·Ni성분의 특성과 함량이 상당히 중요할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 퇴비원료로 지정된 오니 중에서 화장품오니와 제약오니2에서 생육 후기부터 수확기에 걸쳐 질소성분의 부족 현상에 의한 생육부진과 낙엽, 어떤 원인인지 알 수 없지만 비해에 의한 수량감소 등의 원인을 앞으로 연구를 통해서 밝힐 필요가 있다고 생각된다. 본 시험의 결과는 퇴비원료로 지정하거나, 지정된 퇴비원료의 사용을 신청할 때 허가할 퇴비원료가 작물에 대해 적합한지 알아보는 방법의 일환으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Three sludge types from pharmaceutical byproducts and one sludge type from cosmetic waste-water sludge as raw materials of compost were used in a field based concrete pot (4 m², 2m × 2m) for investigating damage of red pepper cultivation. These sludges and pig manure (1 Mg/10a, dry basis) were incorporated into the upper of clay loam soil prior to transplanting with red pepper. Changes in concentration and properties of heavy metal for both of soil and plant were investigated 4 times during of red pepper growth. Plant height and stem diameter of red pepper in sludge treatments except to Pharmaceutical sludge 3 were poor than those of NPK treatment. This result were regarded as an effect of incompleted decomposition sludge which has a lot of organic matter concentration. Amount of total As was increased rapidly Jul. 8. in soil, total Zn·Cu·Pb·Cd were in harvest time, and 1 N-HCl extractable Zn·Cu·Pb·As were rised at middle stage and then decreased. Amounts of nitrogen in plant (leaf and stem) were high in Phamaceutical Sludge 1 and Pig Manure treatment in early and middle stage because of organic matter and nitrogen concentrations and characteristics. Amounts of Zn, Pb, and Ni in leaf and amount of Zn and Pb in stem were increased in harvest time so that we need to have a concern in detail. Total yield of red pepper was Pig Manure > Phamaceutical Sludge 3 > Phamaceutical Sludge 1 > NPK > Phamaceutical Sludge 2 and Cosmetic Sludge treatment was decreased considerably to compare to others. Amounts of Zn and Cu in green and red pepper in harvest time were higher than the other heavy metals. Finally these results can use to utilize that finding damage on crop for authorization and suitability estimation of raw material of compost.

무증상 당뇨환자의 T 반사 변화

안규환,조용진,김상화,사은희,임용빈,김대성,정대수,박규현 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

경피적 강선고정을 이용한 요골 원위부 관절내 분쇄골절의 치료

안의환,오정환,신규철 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1997 건국의과학학술지 Vol.- No.7

농아에서의 측두골 전산화 단층촬영 소견과 다른검사 요인과의 연관성

조태환,이상흔,권대구,엄규상,성창섭,김용선,한기원 경북대학교 병원 1998 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Temporal bone high resolution computed tomogram(TBHRCT)is a essential diagnostic tool in considering for cochlear implantation in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss. This study was designed for an effort to provide and efficacy of TBHRCT in determination of inner ear malformations for the patients who have profound sensorineural hearing loss and to examine the relationships between TBHRCT findings and other preoperative evalutions for cochlear implantation in that patients. Authors examined 68 deaf patients to provide fundamental data for cochlear implantation. Inner ear abnormalities were founded in 13(19%) patients, among which 10(14.7%) patients had Mondini'dysplasia in which 5 patients were hypoplastic type and 5 patients were hydrops type. Other inner ear abnormalities were as follows : lateral semicircular canal hypoplasia ; internal auditory canal abnormality ; cochlear aqueduct widening ; vestibular aqueduct widening. No relationships were found between TBHRCT findings and other test results. : promontory test, K-WISC cognitive test etc.(Korean J Otolaryngol 39 : 8, 1996)

슬개골 골절과 동반된 후방 십자인대 손상

오정환,신규철 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1994 건국의과학학술지 Vol.4 No.-

Patellar fractures result from direct and/or indirect forces. The majority of the patellar fractures result from direct injuries and a fall on the knee or a direct blow sustained in the vehicular trauma is one of the common causes. Patellar fractures from indirect forces occur when the intrinsic strength of the patella is exceeded by the pull of the musculotendinous and ligamentous units attaching to it and typically occurs in the act of stumbling or partially falling. Posterior cruciate ligament disruption is generally caused by a posteriorly directed force on the proximal tibia, and hyperextension with abduction or external rotation movements have been also described in the production of posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Posterior cruciate ligament injuries are apt to be negelected frequently, and ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture or posterior dislocation of the hip also may be seen with direct injuries to the patella, but patellar fractures are rarely associated with posterior cruciate ligament injuries. So we are reporting four cases of the posterior cruciate ligament injuries as one of the combined entity, which had been neglected and associated with the patellar fracture after a review of the literatures.

最近 8年間의 精神神經科 入院 外來 및 患者에 對한 統計的 考察(1960年∼1967年)

李哲奎,盧英一,張煥一,金明源,任允明,韓東洙,吳承煥,金光日 大韓神經精神醫學會 1969 신경정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

1) The number of the out-and in-patients had increased year after year (Table Ⅰ & Ⅲ). 2) Schizophrenia was the greatest number of the in-patients and its rate to whole was 49.1 percent, and neurosis was the greatest number of the out-patients and its rate to whole was 41.66 per cent (Table Ⅰ & Ⅶ). 3) In in-patients, hysteria revealed relatively large in percentage as 11.8% than the other groups (Table Ⅰ). 4) The rate of the male hysteria patients to all male patients was 3.5 per cent and the rate of female hysteria was 20.5 per cent (Table Ⅱ). 5) In in-patients, all the patients of general paresis and alcoholism were only males in sex(Table Ⅱ). 6) In in-patients of schizophrenia, the ratio of the male patients to the female patients was 57.0 : 43.0, but the each rate of each total numbers of the all diseases of the both sexes was almost same (Table Ⅲ). 7) The largest age group of the all patients was between 21∼30 years old, and the next was between 31∼40 years in in-patients (Table Ⅲ). 8) The largest age group of schizophrenia patients was between 21∼30 years and that of M.D.R patients was between 31∼40 years in in-patients (Table Ⅲ). 9) In in-patients of hysteria, the largest age group was between 31∼40 years, and the next was between 21∼30 years (Table Ⅲ). 10) The results of treatment in in-patients were as followings; Recovered; 27.6% Much improved; 43.1% Slightly improved and no changed; 28.2% (Table Ⅳ) 11) The results of treatment in schizophrenia of the in-patients were as followings; Recovered; 19.1% Much improved; 48.3% Slightly improved and no changed; 32.1% (Table Ⅴ) 12) The mode of treatment had been somewhat changed during last 8 years from 1960 to 1967 in treatment of the in-patients (Table Ⅵ). (1) The combined therapy of tranquilizers and EST had been increased, but the therapy of tranquilizer alone or EST alone had been decreased, compared to 1960. (2) The therapy of ICT in the treatment of in-patients had been much decreased.

대학생의 여가활동에 관한 연구

이규동,오현환 建國大學校 敎育硏究所 1993 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze the recreational activities of the college students in terms of finding some possible ways to lead them into a sound, positive living mode. For this purpose, a total of 300 college students - 150 male and 150 female evenly- were given the questionnaire on which how to spend their leisure time was asked. The result is as follows : 1) According to the feedback, most collegian have the leisure times from 3 to 5 hours a day. 2) In a time-free from school classes, the 10% of them is engaged in some physical activities, which consists of the 3% for soccer, the 1.7% for pingpong and tennis, the 1.3% for basketball, and the 1% baseball. 3) The 14.3 precent of the total numbers spends their leisure times after all the classes are over in some physical activities. The 3.7% of the given percentage are playing tennis, the 2.7% playing soccer, the 2.3% going to health club, and the 2% pingpong. 4) A 17% of the percentage consists of those who are devoted to some physical activities for the recreation of the holidays and the weekends. Of the 17%, a 3.7% climbs mountain, a 3.3% is engaged in playing tennis, 2% in pingpong and health club, 1.7% in rope-skipping, and 1.7% in swimming. 5) Their attitudes toward the sport game in the leisure time were very serious to a degree of fighting to the last. 6) Most students tend to avoid having their physical activities early in the morning : therefore, it is necessary to encourage them to do physical activities in the morning. 7) Most of those who don't make use of their leisure time for doing something physical tend to spend their time in their home watching some sport game on T. V. rather than directly going to playing ground to see it because a number of broadcasting T. V. stations hookup a number of sport games.

大學生의 스포오츠 關心度에 關한 調査硏究 : 團體競技와 個人競技를 中心으로

崔圭喆,蔡煥國 동국대학교 경주대학 1984 慶州大學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

제약업종 부산물 및 화장품 제조업 폐수처리오니 처리토양에 대한 유기화합물 및 Bioassay 분석 평가

임동규,이상범,이승환,남재작,나영은,권장식,권순익,소규호 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 퇴비원료로 지정된 제약업종 부산물(공정오니) 및 화장품 제조업 폐수처리오니를 퇴비로서 활용 가능성을 판단하기 위하여 기존의 일반성분이나 중금속 성분 분석 이외 유기성 화합물과 기타 여러 생물검정법 등을 활용하여 시용한 오니에 의한 토양 내 비료의 피해를 밝혀내고 이들의 평가방법을 확립하고자 포장시험을 수행하였다. 오니의 처리에 따른 HEM의 함량은 제약업종 오니2(PS2)와 화장품 오니(CS)처리가 각각 0.51, 1.10 mg/kg로 가장 높았고, PAHs의 함량은 제약업종 오니2(PS2) 처리에서 3,406.8 μg/kg로 가장 높았다. 토양에 서식하는 미소동물의 밀도변화는 생육 중기(7월 23일) 및 수확기(10월 1일) 모두 제약오니2 및 돈분 처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 기타 처리구는 차이가 없이 아주 낮았다. 오니의 처리에 따른 세균 및 사상균의 균수는 제약업종 오니2처리에서 각각 736, 909 cfu/g로 가장 많았고, 화장품 오니도 각각 440, 236 cfu/g으로 다른 처리에 비해 많은 경향을 보였다. 제약오니 및 화장품오니 처리시 우점세균은 무비, 돈분처리에 비해 일정한 경향이 없었으나 3요소 처리보다 다양한 세균이 검출되었다. 오니의 처리에 따른 우점사상균은 무처리에 비해 제약업종 오니3와 화장품 오니처리에서 형태적 특징이 다른 콜로니가 검출되었으나 다른 처리는 비슷한 경향으로 종류 간에 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. Microcosm test를 통하여 오니 처리 후 3개월이 경과한 토양의 오염정도를 평가한 결과는 제약업종 오니3과 화장품 오니처리는 약간 영향을 받아서 80~90% 생존하였으나, 제약업종 오니1처리는 처리 2주(14일) 이후에는 급격히 생존율이 떨어져서 4주 이후에는 10%만 생존하였다. 그러나 6개월이 경과한 토양에서는 지렁이의 생존율은 제약업종 오니1처리만 약간 영향을 받은 것으로 보였으며 다른 처리들은 전혀 영향을 받지 않았던 것으로 조사되었다. 유기성 오니의 퇴비원료로 활용은 비료관리법의 비료공정 규격 중 퇴비의 비고란에 "퇴비의 원료로 사용 가능한 물질과 사용 불가능한 물질'(별표1)에서 "희비의 원료 중 사전 분석검토 후 사용 가능한 원료에 대한 지정요령'에는 유기물과 중금속(8성분) 함량(건물증)과 제조공정 등을 검토하여 지정하고 있으나, 지정된 원료가 과연 회비원료로 적합한지 잘 알 수 없으며 또한 앞으로 현재의 퇴비원료 규정을 변경할 필요가 있을 경우를 대비하여 희비원료의 적합성 여부를 판별할 수 있는 방법의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 퇴비원료로 이미 지정('02. 12. 31)된 제약오니 및 화장품 오니를 과량으로 토양에 시용한 후 유해 유기화합물, 미소동물, 미생물 및 생물학적(지렁이) 유해성 검정방법의 도입 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 고추를 재배한 포장에서 비료의 피해시험을 실시한 결과 유해 유기화합물과 생물학적(지렁이) 유해성 검정방법은 앞으로 연구를 통해서 보완할 경우 상당히 활용 가능성이 있는 좋은 평가방법인 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to assessment organic compound and bioassay (density of inhabited animal, fluctuation of predominant fungi, and survival ratio of earthworm) for finding damage on red pepper by heavily amount application of sludges in soil, which was treated with 3 pharmaceutical byproducts and a cosmetic industry wastewater sludge as raw materials of compost, and for establishing estimation method. HEM contents in the soil treated with pharmaceutical byproducts sludge2 (PS2) and cosmetic sludge (CS) were 0.51, 1.10 mg/kg respectively. PAHs content of PS2 treatment in the soil was 3406.8 ug/kg on July 8. In abundance of soil faunas, the pharmaceutical byproducts sludge2 treatment was the most highest. The next was decreased in the order of pig manure (PM) and the cosmetic sludge treatment. However the other pharmaceutical sludge treatments were remarkably reduced populations of soil inhabited animals. In upland soil treated with organic sludges, the numbers of bacteria and fungi of the pharmaceutical sludge treatment were 736, 909 cfu/g and those of the cosmetic sludge treatment were 440, 236 cfu/g, respectively. The pharmaceutical sludge treatments and the cosmetic sludge treatment in identification of predominant bacteria were not any tendency to compare with non fertilizer and pig manure treatments, but they had diverse bacteria than NPK treatment. In microcosm tests, the survival of the tiger earthworm in five soil samples was hardly affected against the soil of PSI (20%) after three months treated in the upland. But after six months, survival of PSI was 80%. At present, raw material of compost was authorized by contents of organic matter, heavy metal (8 elements), and product processing according to "The specified gist on possible materials of using after analysis and investigation among raw materials of compost", however, for preparing to change regulation of raw material of compost and for considering to possibility of application, this study was conducted to investigate toxic organic compound and bioassay methods using inhabited animal, fungi, and earthworm without current regulation.

아세트니트릴 溶媒에서의 Phenacyl Bromide類의 加溶媒 分解

황규탁,여수동,김창진,이정환 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1982 産業技術硏究 Vol.2 No.1

The Kinetics of the solvolysis of phenacyl bromides with water 10~50% in acetonitrile have been measured at 65℃ and 75℃. The effects of substituents and solvents on the solvolysis of p-substituted phenacyl bromides were discussed. The rates of reaction were increased with electron attracting power of substituents of phenacyl bromides and increment of water contents. The Hammett ρ values for the solvoysis of phenacyl bromides in water-accetonitrile mixtures were found to be 0.295~0.728 for 10~50% of water contents. The number of contrivetive water moleculars, n, were found to be 0.239, 0.415, 0.458, 0.675, and 0.881, respectively, for phenacyl bromides. It is considered that n is increased with electron-donating power of substituents because of hydrogen bonding of substituents with water moleculars. It is considered that this reaction is a SN₂ mechanism which nucleophile attacks α-carbon at transition state.