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Intranasal Administration Model for Evaluating Protection Against Influenza Virus in Mice
Soo-Won Choi,Ha-Na Youn,Wootack Hong,Jae-Keun Park,Seong-Su Yuk,Jung-Hoon Kwon,Jin-Yong Noh,Jung-Sun Kang,Kyung-Jin Cho,Jeoung-Jin Ryu,Joong-Bok Lee,Seung-Yong Park,In-Soo Choi,Sang-Won Lee,Chang-Seon 대한미생물학회 2015 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.45 No.1
TNF in Human Tuberculosis: A Double-Edged Sword
Yuk Jae-Min,Kim Jin Kyung,Kim In Soo,Jo Eun-Kyeong 대한면역학회 2024 Immune Network Vol.24 No.1
TNF, a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine, is important for protective immunity and immunopathology during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which causes tuberculosis (TB) in humans. TNF is produced primarily by phagocytes in the lungs during the early stages of Mtb infection and performs diverse physiological and pathological functions by binding to its receptors in a context-dependent manner. TNF is essential for granuloma formation, chronic infection prevention, and macrophage recruitment to and activation at the site of infection. In animal models, TNF, in cooperation with chemokines, contributes to the initiation, maintenance, and clearance of mycobacteria in granulomas. Although anti-TNF therapy is effective against immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, it carries the risk of reactivating TB. Furthermore, TNF-associated inflammation contributes to cachexia in patients with TB. This review focuses on the multifaceted role of TNF in the pathogenesis and prevention of TB and underscores the importance of investigating the functions of TNF and its receptors in the establishment of protective immunity against and in the pathology of TB. Such investigations will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies that target TNF signaling, which makes beneficial and detrimental contributions to the pathogenesis of TB.
Yuk, Jong Min,Kim, Tae Whan,Lee, Jeong Yong,No, Young Soo,Kim, Dong Hun,Choi, Won Kook,Jin, Sungho IOP Pub 2009 Nanotechnology Vol.20 No.5
<P>Sub-10 nm In(PO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> nanocrystals (NCs) were created in an insulating matrix by rapid thermal annealing to form nanocomposite structures. On annealing at a temperature of 400 °C, P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> NCs were formed by substituting P for Zn atoms in ZnO films via the kickout diffusion mechanism based on the fixed oxygen sublattice. On annealing at a higher temperature of 600 °C, however, In(PO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> NCs were nucleated by diffusion of In atoms from the substrate into the sites of P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> NCs that coalesced by moving atoms to neighboring grains in the strain relaxed region. The formation mechanisms of sub-10 nm In(PO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> NCs in an insulating matrix due to rapid thermal annealing are described on the basis of the experimental results.</P>
진병호,최원경,이윤숙,육심현,이수경 한국의류학회 2002 한국의류학회지 Vol.26 No.6
Korean apparel industry is facing critical moment due to shortage of labor, wage increases and intensive competition among domestic manufacturers. In addition, international production has been shifting to China and the other low wage countries from established locations such as Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Global sourcing has been received considerable attention since firms can enhance their competitive advantage as well as comparative advantage by coordinating their sourcing activities globally. This study regarded global sourcing as one of the strategic tools to achieve competitive advantage of Korean apparel firms, and explored the current status by literature reviews and series of in-depth interviews with managers of Korean apparel firms. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) Due to geographical advantage, China was the most favored nation for outsourcing for domestic markets. However, exporting firms preferred Latin America (including Mexico) to take advantage of duties, quotas and geographical proximity to the US market. 2) In selecting the global sourcing country, productivity, technical ability, local government regulation, and culture were considered important. 3) Most Korean apparel firms sourced production globally, and followed by raw materials and trims. 4) Cost and quality were the most important factors in deciding subcontractors, and experience, productivity, equipment and finances were the next concerns. Academic implications and future directions were suggested based on findings.
陸昌洙,趙成鎭 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1987 農業科學硏究 Vol.5 No.2
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of beer sewage sludge on the growth of red pepper (Hongsanho) cultivated under the condition of thin polyethylene film mulch to the sandy loam soil. The results obtained were summerized as follows. 1.The root development in the sewage sludge plot (13.5, 27,54Kg/10a) was poorer than the standard plot in early growing stage after planting. In the late growing stage, however, no differences in plant high, main stem diameter and number branches were observed between standard and sewage sludge plot. 2.The more the sewage sludge is applied, the higher the yield of matured red pepper is harvested. Yield index of matured red pepper of N, P, K (N=16 Kg/10a) + sludge (13.5, 27, 54 Kg/10a) plot and N, P, K (N=8 Kg/10a) + sludge (13.5, 27, 54 Kg/10a) plot was 84.6-86.3% and 73.9-77.3% respectively and yield of index of dry red pepper of NPK (N = 16 Kg/10a) + Sludge, and NPK (N = 8 Kg/10a) + Sludge plot was 86.8-88.9% and 66.7-72.9% respectively. 3.Ratio of fresh to dry weight of matured red pepper in sewage sludge plot was higher than those in standard plot, whereas yield of immatured green pepper in NPK (N = 16 Kg/10a) + sludge and NPK N = 8 Kg/10a) + sludge plot were smaller than in standard plot respectively. 4.Sewage sludge application decreased the pH value of soil slightly, but increased the content of organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable base appreciably. 5.Salt concentration after incubation of the soil at 30℃ was higher in the sewage sludge application than in standard plot generally.