온라인 아동 성착취 근절을 위한 법률개정 방안 : 국제규범과 국내 법령의 비교를 중심으로

정주은,남장현,서지혜 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2020 Ewha Law Review Vol.10 No.-

온라인을 기반으로 한 아동ㆍ청소년에 대한 성착취는 아동ㆍ청소년이 쉽게 유혹되고 어른들에 의하여 발견되는 것이 어렵기 때문에 심각한 피해를 야기한다. 본 연구는 온라인 아동 성착취의 심각성을 인지하고 관련 법령의 개정 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 우선 우리나라의 아동ㆍ청소년의 성보호에 관한 법률 및 형법 등의 법제 및 현황과 문제점을 살펴보았다. 이를 기반으로 UN아동권리협약 및 제2, 제3선택의정서와 UN아동권리위원회의 권고사항 및 특별보고관의 권고, 팔레르모의정서, 란사로테협약 등 국제규범의 내용을 살펴보고, 해당 국제규범과 해외의 입법례 등과 비교하여 현행 국내 법령의 개선방안을 모색하였다. 연구를 통해 현행 국내 법령의 부적절한 용어 개선이 필요하고, 아동 최선의 이익 원칙에 의한 법 해석 및 적용을 해야 하며, 현행 형법을 활용함과 동시에 그루밍 등 새로운 개념에 대하여 법률에 규정해야 함을 발견하였다. 이와 더불어 성착취물 등에 대한 처벌을 확대하고 형량과 양형기준을 개선하여야 할 필요성도 절감하였다. 현재 국회에 계류 중인 법률개정안을 검토하여 해당 법률안에서 주목할 점과 보완할 점에 대하여 설시하였다. 보론으로는 함정수사의 도입과 제3선택의정서 비준의 필요성을 주장하였다. 이에 비추어 볼 때, 최근 일련의 사건 이후 아동ㆍ청소년의 성보호에 관한 법률이 많은 부분에서 긍정적인 방향으로 개정되었지만 보호의 대상인 아동ㆍ청소년에 대한 범죄이므로 더욱 엄중히 처벌해야할 필요필요가 있는바, 국제규범에 따라 아동ㆍ청소년의 성보호를 위한 개정이 더욱 필요함을 시사한다. Online child sexual exploitation leads to serious damage because children and juveniles are easily tempted but it is hard for adults to find the breeding ground for crime. This study was intended to recognize the seriousness of online sexual exploitation for children and juveniles and to propose the law amendment. First of all, we explored the current status and problems of the legislation, such as the Act on the Protection of Sex in children and juveniles and the Criminal Law in the Republic of Korea. We reviewed the contents of international rules such as the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Second and Third Choice Protocol, the recommendations of the U.N. Commission on the Rights of the Child, the recommendations from the CRC and special rapporteur, the Palermo Protocol, the Lanzarote Convention. In accordance with those international rules, we sought the amendment of current domestic law. According to the study, we concluded that the inappropriate terms in the current domestic law should be modified, and the law should be interpreted and applied in accordance with the principle of the best interests of children. Also, new concepts such as ‘grooming’ should be stipulated in the law while utilizing the existing Criminal law. In addition, we were faced with the necessity of expanding punishment for sexual exploitation and improving sentencing guidelines. We reviewed the proposition which was pending in the National Assembly and suggested pros and cons. And then, we complementally argued for the institution of entrapment and the ratification of the Third Choice Protocol.

버스터미널 Soundscape에 관한 실험적 연구

송혁,송민정,박현구,장길수 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.8

Soundscape design is applied for the purpose of expressing the characteristics of places, by supplying sound actively adequate for the place with identity. Bus station is a place for aggregating people aimed at transportation. That is, people come into station, and then, buy ticket, wait for departure or passenger. Therefore it needs more comfortable sound environment. This study aims to make bus station comfortable place acoustically to users. In this study, analysis on the behavior at each part of the space was performed and measurement at approaching path, waiting place, departure and arrival platform was carried out on the sound level and frequency characteristics. In addition, acoustic specialists' evaluation using questionnaire was performed with an object of ambient noise, information broadcasting and users' dialogue. The contents of KT and ST is composed of mixture sounds. The soundscape is varied with the region. Water sound is good element for establishing soundscape of bus station.

위암 환자에게 세포성 면역 기능에 관한 연구

이재익,윤일국,이종선,김종완,장준,안정기,송민호,정현용,이헌영,김상용,김영건 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1991 No.-

위암 환자에서 세포성 면역 기능에 관한 연구

이재익,윤일국,이종선,김종완,장준,안정기,송민호,정현용,이헌영,김삼용,김영건 충남대학교 암연구소 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1 No.1

We performed a variety of lymphocyte stimulation tests, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, and enumeration of several lymphocyte subpopulations in 21 patients with gastric cancer who did not receive any form of anticancer therapy, and in 20 healthy controls. The gastric cancer patients had significantly decreased number and total score of positive reactions in delayed hypersensitivity skin tests compared with the healthy controls. The percent of CD_(4) positive lymphocytes in the gastric cancer patients was significantly decreased compared to the normal control subjects, but it had no correlation with the total score of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. The ratio of helper to suppressor cells was lower in the cancer group. The uptake of 3H-thymidine was markedly depressed in cancer patients when stimulated with various mitogens. There was little correlation between any of the stimulation tests and any of the lymphocyte subpopulation proportions to delayed hypersensitivity cutaneous reactions. Optimal proliferative response was found in lymphocytes stimulated with 10 micrograms of concanavalin-A and 10 microgram of phytohemagglutinin. Advanced stage patients had greatly depressed delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and proliferative responses to mitogens compared with localized diseases. These results suggest that gastric cancer patients have depressed cellular immune functions, which mainly result from the decreased helper cells and defects in functional proliferative response to mitogens. Interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma restored the in vitro proliferative response of lymphocyte in patients with gastric cancer.

선천성 신증후군의 산전 진단 1 예

정현정(Hyeon Jeong Jeong),김정화(Jeong Hwa kIM),박중신(Joong Shin Park),김장한(Jang Han Kim),오수영(Soo Young Oh),문정빈(Jeong Bin Moon),김미하(Mi Ha Kim),김종재(Chong Jai Kim),전종관(Jong Kwan Jun),윤보현(Bo Hyun Yoon),이현순(Hyun S 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.10

Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a rare condition of poor prognosis which develops at birth or within the first year of life. It is characterized by significantly increased maternal serum alphafetoprotein(AFP) and amniotic fluid AFP in the early second trimester. Occasionally affected children have been reported but we have no prenatally-diagnosed case in Korea. We report a case of congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type, with a brief review of literature, that was diagnosed prenatally by maternal serum AFP, amniotic fluid AFP and family history. This case was terminated at 21 weeks of gestation and confirmed by autopsy with placentomegaly, microcystic tubular dilatation on light microscopy, the effacement of the foot processes of the epithelial basement membrane on electron microscopy.

Engineering of Cell Derived-Nanovesicle as an Alternative to Exosome Therapy

Jang Hye-Jeong,Shim Kyu-Sik,Lee Jinah,Park Joo Hyeon,Kang Seong-Jun,Shin Young Min,Lee Jung Bok,Baek Wooyeol,Yoon Jeong-Kee 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2024 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.21 No.1

Background Exosomes, nano-sized vesicles ranging between 30 and 150 nm secreted by human cells, play a pivotal role in long-range intercellular communication and have attracted significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, their limited productivity and cost-effectiveness pose challenges for clinical applications. These issues have recently been addressed by cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), which are physically synthesized exosome-mimetic nanovesicles from parent cells, as a promising alternative to exosomes. CDNs exhibit structural, physical, and biological properties similar to exosomes, containing intracellular protein and genetic components encapsulated by the cell plasma membrane. These characteristics allow CDNs to be used as regenerative medicine and therapeutics on their own, or as a drug delivery system. Methods The paper reviews diverse methods for CDN synthesis, current analysis techniques, and presents engineering strategies to improve lesion targeting efficiency and/or therapeutic efficacy. Results CDNs, with their properties similar to those of exosomes, offer a cost-effective and highly productive alternative due to their non-living biomaterial nature, nano-size, and readiness for use, allowing them to overcome several limitations of conventional cell therapy methods. Conclusion Ongoing research and enhancement of CDNs engineering, along with comprehensive safety assessments and stability analysis, exhibit vast potential to advance regenerative medicine by enabling the development of efficient therapeutic interventions. Background Exosomes, nano-sized vesicles ranging between 30 and 150 nm secreted by human cells, play a pivotal role in long-range intercellular communication and have attracted significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, their limited productivity and cost-effectiveness pose challenges for clinical applications. These issues have recently been addressed by cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), which are physically synthesized exosome-mimetic nanovesicles from parent cells, as a promising alternative to exosomes. CDNs exhibit structural, physical, and biological properties similar to exosomes, containing intracellular protein and genetic components encapsulated by the cell plasma membrane. These characteristics allow CDNs to be used as regenerative medicine and therapeutics on their own, or as a drug delivery system. Methods The paper reviews diverse methods for CDN synthesis, current analysis techniques, and presents engineering strategies to improve lesion targeting efficiency and/or therapeutic efficacy. Results CDNs, with their properties similar to those of exosomes, offer a cost-effective and highly productive alternative due to their non-living biomaterial nature, nano-size, and readiness for use, allowing them to overcome several limitations of conventional cell therapy methods. Conclusion Ongoing research and enhancement of CDNs engineering, along with comprehensive safety assessments and stability analysis, exhibit vast potential to advance regenerative medicine by enabling the development of efficient therapeutic interventions.

Do Knots Matter in Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior Lesions Repair?

Hyeon Jang Jeong,Ho Yun Joung,Dae Ha Kim,Sung Min Rhee,Seok Hoon Yang,Woo Kim,Joo Han Oh 대한견주관절의학회 2017 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Background: In general, the outcomes of arthroscopic repair for superior labrum anterior to posterior lesions (SLAP) are favorable, however, persistent pain and limitation of motion are not rare complications. One of the possible cause is a “knot-ache”. This study evaluated the results of reoperation of symptomatic recurrent SLAP lesions and asked whether the knot is associated with postoperative complications. Methods: Between 2005 and 2015, a total of 11 patients who had undergone arthroscopic SLAP repair were reoperated for recurrent symptomatic SLAP lesion. By retrospective chart review, operative findings, the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS), the range of motion (ROM), and functional scores were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 38.3 years, and the mean follow-up period was 42.5 months. In the primary operation, there were nine cases of repairs with conventional knot-tying anchors and three cases with knotless anchors. Impingement of the knots during abduction and external rotation of the shoulder was observed in the all cases with knot-tying anchors. The mean pVAS, ROM, and functional scores significantly improved with reoperation. At the final follow-up, the mean satisfaction VAS was 8.3. Conclusions: The knots of suture anchor maybe a possible etiology of the pain, which we termed a “knot-ache”. Considering that reoperation is performed due to pain after primary repair, the use of knotless suture anchor may have benefits of eliminating one of possible cause, “knot-ache”. Therefore, authors suggest the use of knotless anchors during reoperation for recurrent or recalcitrant pain after primary SLAP repair.

Basic Study on RF Characteristics of Thin-Film Transmission Line Employing ML/CPW Composite Structure on Silicon Substrate and Its Application to a Highly Miniaturized Impedance Transformer

Jeong, Jang-Hyeon,Son, Ki-Jun,Yun, Young The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2015 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.16 No.1

A thin-film transmission line (TFTL) employing a microstrip line/coplanar waveguide (ML/CPW) was fabricated on a silicon substrate for application to a miniaturized on-chip RF component, and the RF characteristics of the device with the proposed structure were investigated. The TFTL employing a ML/CPW composite structure exhibited a shorter wavelength than that of a conventional coplanar waveguide and that of a thin-film microstrip line. When the TFTL with the proposed structure was fabricated to have a length of ${\lambda}/8$, it showed a loss of less than 1.12 dB at up to 30 GHz. The improvement in the periodic capacitance of the TFTL caused for the propagation constant, ${\beta}$, and the effective permittivity, ${\varepsilon}_{eff}$, to have values higher than those of a device with only a conventional coplanar waveguide and a thin film microstrip line. The TFTL with the proposed structure showed a ${\beta}$ of 0.53~2.96 rad/mm and an ${\varepsilon}_{eff}$ of 22.3~25.3 when operating from 5 to 30 GHz. A highly miniaturized impedance transformer was fabricated on a silicon substrate using the proposed TFTL for application to a low-impedance transformation for broadband. The size of the impedance transformer was 0.01 mm2, which is only 1.04% of the size of a transformer fabricated using a conventional coplanar waveguide on a silicon substrate. The impedance transformer showed excellent RF performance for broadband.

Long-term outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair - Mean 8.7 years follow-up -

Hyeon Jang Jeong,Gyeong Pyo Nam,Sang Woo Kim,Myeong Gon Jeong,Jian Han,Bei Liu,Joo Han Oh 대한견주관절의학회 2021 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.3

Introduction and Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and structural outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ASRCR). Material and Method Two hundred and one ASRCR patients followed-up more than 5 years postoperatively were retrospectively reviewed. To evaluate the structural integrity, MRI or ultrasonography was performed at the annular follow-up. Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, active range of motion (aROM), and the ASES score were evaluated for the functional outcome. Results Mean follow-up period was 103.8 ± 26.5 (61-170) months. Overall healing failure rate was 21.4%, and the retraction size of supraspinatus tear was the most important risk factor of healing failure (odds ratio, OR 1.1, p < 0.001). Osteoarthritis of glenohumeral joint (OA) was progressed in 69 cases (34.3%), and it was strongly associated with healing failure (OR 4.3, p < 0.001). Both healed and healing failure group presented improved functional outcomes postoperatively, however, healing failure group presented worse pain (p = 0.001) and ASES score (p = 0.034) at the final follow-up compared to those of postoperative 1 year. To evaluate the deterioration point, minimal clinically important difference of pain (1.4) and ASES (11.1) was applied. Pain and ASES score have been worsened in healing failure group since postoperative 5.5 ± 0.5 and 7.5 ± 0.5 years, respectively. Meanwhile, pain and ASES score were maintained more than 10 years in healed group (pain 10.6 ± 0.4, ASES 12.8 ± 0.2 years), and it was statistically longer than healing failure group (all p < 0.001). Conclusions The healing of the repaired rotator cuff was important for a successful long-term outcome. OA progression was strongly associated with healing failure, and it also affected the poor long-term clinical outcome.

Chemical Constituents of Branches and Barks of Juglans mandshurica

Jang, Hyeon Seok,Choi, Seong Yeon,Jeong, Birang,Min, Hee Jeong,Yang, Heejung,Bae, Young Soo Springer-Verlag 2018 Chemistry of natural compounds Vol.54 No.2