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김현욱,이동욱,한창호,문태수,이광배,박석천 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-
A Fault tolerant system is one that can continue to correctly perform its specified tasks in the presence of hardware failures and software errors. This paper discribes hardware redundancy of fault tolerant methods used in the present digital switching systems, and proposes several new fault tolerant methods for digital switching systems. In addition, are compared and analyzed reliabilities between thr present and the new facult tolerant methods.
이훈구(Lee Hoon-Koo),이남형(Lee Nam-Hyeong),이수환(Lee Soo-Hwan),이영호(Lee Young-Ho),백종현(Baek Jong-Hyen) 한국철도학회 2009 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.5월
Since 2003, the domestic ground signalling system of the Kyeongbu and Honam lines has been steadily improving with the introduction of the ATP system and application of the system to the train is actively being pursued for 2009 target. Therefore, new ground signalling systems are being installed to the trains and track conditions to control the train speed to a maximum of either 80㎞/h, 120㎞/h, 150㎞/h, or 160㎞/h. As well, considering safe breaking distance, block signalling has been installed and also the change over times of the track switching device has been adjusted according to the train speed. Since the new Tilting trains will be running faster than present trains, at speeds over 180 ㎞/h, we anticipate that there will be problems with present signalling facilities. Therefore this paper attempts to examine the various problems with the interface between the ATP signalling system and the new Tilting trains and also it will propose the most effective operating plan based upon case studies of successful foreign operations.
혈액투석 환자의 통상 칼로리 및 단백질 섭취량이 18 개월 후의 영양상태 - 알부민 및 인체계측지표를 중심으로 - 에 미치는 영향
이현택(Hyen Tac Lee),조성(Seong Cho),이성호(Sung Ho Lee),김성록(Sung Rok Kim),김양하(Yang Ha Kim),서예정(Hye Jeong Seo) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.1
배 경 : 최근 단백질 섭취에 대한 DOQI 권장량에 대한 이견이 발표되고 있다. 또한 DOQI 권장량은 서구인 기준으로 체격과 식사패턴이 다른 한국인에서의 칼로리 및 단백질 권장량은 아직 명확하지 않다. 방 법 : 성균관대학교 마산삼성병원에서 혈액투석 중인 안정된 환자 50명을 대상으로 18개월간 식사량 분석과 알부민 및 인체계측 지표 등 영양상태를 연구 초와 후 사이에 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 두 기간에 걸쳐 칼로리 섭취는 각각 27.25±6.39, 28.99±6.38 kcal/㎏, 단백질 섭취는 각각 1.03±0.43, 1.06±0.35 g/㎏으로 모두 변화는 없었으나 권장량 이하였다. 하지만 체중은 55.22±9.48 ㎏에서 57.39±10.29 ㎏로(p=0.008), LBM(Lean Body Mass )는 42.79±7.49㎏에서 46.09±7.13 ㎏(p=0.000)으로, BMI (Body Mass Index )는 21.89±3.21 ㎏/m2에서 22.75±3.53 ㎏/㎡ (p=0.007)으로, 혈청알부민은 3.65±0.47 g/ dL에서 3.87±0.42 g/ dL(p=0.000)으로 증가하였다. Fat mass, Triceps Skin Fold thickness (TSF ), Mid- Arm Circumference (MAC), Mid- Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC)는 변화 없이 안정되어 있었다. 결 론 : DOQI 권장량 이하의 칼로리 및 단백질 섭취에도 알부민 및 체중은 안정되었다. 칼로리 및 단백질 섭취 권장량이 한국인에서는 서구인과 차이가 있을 수 있다고 여겨진다. Background : Dialy sis patients as a group appear to have a caloric and a protein intake less than the recommended values; because their energy expenditure is not different from that of healthy adults and because amino acid loss and increased catabolism during dialysis they should be in negative caloric & nitrogen balance and lose body m ass and protein such as albumin progressively. Recently, papers dissenting about recommended protein intake in DOQI guideline were published. Because Korean people had different body size and dietary pattern from white races, recommanded protein and calorie intake may be different from that of white races. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed our data in a group of hemodialysis patients who had dietary evaluations and kinetic measurements performed two consecutive times over a period of 18 months. Results : Body weight (55.22± 9.48 ㎏ to 57.39±10.29 ㎏ , p=0.008), LBM (lean body mass, 42.79± 7.49 ㎏ to 46.09± 7.13 ㎏, p=0.000), BMI(Body Mass Index, 21.89± 3.21 ㎏/㎡ to 22.75± 3.53 ㎏/㎡, p=0.007) and serum albumin level(3.65± 0.47 g/ dL vs 3.87±0.42 g/dL, p=0.000) were increased compared to initial values . Fat mass, TSF (Triceps Skin Fold thickness), MAC(Mid-Arm Circumference), MAMC(Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference) were remained stable over this period of time. These results suggested that these patients are not in negative energy and nitrogen balance. Conclusion : Albumin and body weight remained stable over a period of 18 months in spite of 27.25±6.39 kcal/㎏ calorie intakes and 1.03± 0.43 g/㎏ protein intakes. Recommanded protein and calorie intake of Korean people may be different from that of white races.