1930년대 중반 임화와 홍기문의 사회주의 민족어 구상

임동현 ( Lim Dong Hyun ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2017 民族文化硏究 Vol.77 No.-

임화와 홍기문은 조선어학회의 언어규범화운동을 비판하면서 사회주의 민족어를 주장했다. 임화와 홍기문은 민족을 하나의 형식으로 이해했고, 그 안에 프롤레타리아적 문화요소를 채우는 것을 사회주의 민족문화라고 보았다. 민족어도 언어가 사회경제적 조건에 규정된다는 유물론적인 인식과 언어의 발전은 언어 간의 상호접촉으로 진행된다는 언어관을 기반으로 해야한다고 했다. 임화와 홍기문은 사회주의 언어관을 바탕으로 다수 인민이 사용하는 일상어를 표준어로 제시했다. 조선어학회의 표준어가 노동계급의 언어를 간과하고 부르주아 계급의 언어를 강제한다고 비판했다. 현재 조선의 부르주아 계급은 사회경제적 한계로 인해서 독자적인 문화수립의 역량이 없기 때문에 많은 문제가 있었다. 따라서 언어규범화운동을 사회주의자들이 대신 진행해야 했다. 임화와 홍기문이 말하는 다수 인민은 노동자·농민이었다. 이들은 언어 인구의 다수를 차지했고, 고유한 조선어를 많이 사용하고 있었기 때문에 표준어 기준이 되었다. 하지만 임화와 홍기문은 사회주의 민족어를 만드는 방법론에 있어서 입장이 달랐다. 언어 학자였던 홍기문은 민족어 규범의 통일화와 표준화에 필요한 근대적 시스템이 식민권력에 장악되어있기 때문에 언어규범화운동은 해방 이후의 사업이고, 식민지 상황에서는 조선어 정리만 해야 한다는 유보적인 입장이었다. 반면에 임화는 사회주의 문학가들을 통한 민족어 형성을 구상했다. 문학을 통해서 노동계급의 일상어를 표준화하고 문학작품을 통해서 전국적인 통일화를 이루려고 했다. Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun asserted the Socialism National Language during criticized the standardization of Korean language movement by the Korean Language Society. Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun understood the Korean nationalism in a single format, and asserted the Society National culture with proletarian cultural constituent. They also asserted that The native Korean base on the perception with materialism, what is provided with social-economic condition, and view of language in the development of the mutual linguistic contact. Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun suggested ordinary Korean, what was used by most of the proletarian on the Social linguistic, as standard native Korean. They criticized to standard Korean without ordinary Korean of the proletarian by the Korean Language Society. In addition, Korean bourgeois do not have any capability. for separate cultural establishment cause of lack of the social-economic condition. So they want to lead the standardization of Korean language movement by the socialist. Proletarian and farmer were set as 'the people' by Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun. These people positioned most of using indigenous and ordinary Korean. So it was the main reason for the standard Korean. However there are different stance to makes the socialism standard Korean between Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun. Hong Gi-mun, who was a linguist, asserted that the standardization of Korean language movement is a work after independent, because modern system, which for the harmonization and standardization, was dominated by the Japanese colonial government. Also he asserted linguistic arrangement of the Korean first at that time. Meanwhile Lim-hwa formulated native Korean by socialism literary people. He formulated proletarian ordinary lan-guage and nationwide by literary work.

니세틸 정(아세틸-엘-카르니틴 500 mg)에 대한 뉴로세틸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,김은아,정현철,심영순,임동구,오인준,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is naturally occurring molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ALC tablets, Nicetiler^TM (Dong-A pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Neurocetil^TM (Kyung-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty six normal male volunteers, 22.80±2.76 year in age and 63.07 7.98㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500㎎ of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets were 2.72%, -0.65% and -8.42%, respectively, when calculated against the Nicetile^TM tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_max were 94.87% and 87.17%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 15.58% and 19.16% AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -11.84∼6.41 and -10.57∼11.88 for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Neurocetil^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Nicetile^TM tablet.

니세틸 정(아세틸 - 엘 - 카르니틴 500mg)에 대한 뉴로세틸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,오인준,이용복,임동구,문재동,심영순,김은아,정현철 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.1

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is naturally occurring molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ALC tablets, Nicetile^(TM) (Dong-A pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Neurocetil^(TM) (Kyung-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty six normal male volunteers, 22.80±2.76 year in age and 63.07±7.98 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 × 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500 ㎎ of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) between two tablets were 2.72%, -0.65% and -8.42%, respectively, when calculated against the Nicetile^(TM) tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_(max) were 94.87% and 87.17%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (△) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 15.58% and 19.16% AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -11.84∼6.41 and -10.57∼11.88 for AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Neurocetil^(TM) tablet is bioequivalent to Nicetile^(TM) tablet.

SSI(Socio-Scientific Issues)에 관한 토론 수업에서 나타난 초등학생들의 논변 활동 과정 및 수업 참여도 분석

임청환, 채동현 大邱敎育大學 科學敎育硏究所 2016 과학·수학교육연구 Vol.39 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 SSI(Socio-Scientific Issues)에 관한 토론 수업에서 나타나는 초등학생들의 논변 활동 과정을 조사하고 토론 수업에 대한 학생들의 참여도를 분석하는 것이다. 연구를 위해 D광역시 소재 초등학교 과학 동아리반 19명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구대상 학생은 초등학교 4학년 8명, 5학년 5명, 6학년 6명으로 구성되어 있었다. 연구에 분석된 자료는 ‘원자력 발전소, 계속 지어야 하는가?’에 대한 주제로 이루어진 토론 수업 녹화 자료와 사전 설문지, 사후 설문지, 그리고 그룹 인터뷰 자료였다. 연구결과 초등학생들은 토론 수업의 논변 활동은 주장과 반론의 과정에서 의견을 정리하고 최종변론 과정에서 자신의 의사를 결정하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또 자신의 의사를 결정하는데 사실적인 기사와 논리적인 발표가 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 학생들은 토론 수업이 생소하다고 느끼면서도 역동적인 상호작용으로 인해 좋아하고 참여하기를 원하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 점에서 토론 수업이 앞으로 학교 현장에서 다각적인 방향으로 시도되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

진단 기준에 따른 취학전 어린이의 중증 유아기 우식증 유병률 비교

임경욱,이광희,라지영,이동진,안소연,김지영,송지현,김윤희 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

연구목적은 중증 유아기 우식증에 대한 두 개의 정의를 진단 기준으로 하였을 때 각 기준에 따른 유병률이 일치하는 정도를알기 위함이었다. 연구대상은 익산시 어린이집 중에서 무작위로 추출한 7개 어린이집의 36개월 이상 71개월 이하 어린이401명 이었다. 치경과 탐침을 사용한 구강검사를 통하여 치아별 우식경험유치면 (dmfs)의 수를 조사하였으며 . 중증 유아기 우식증의 진단 기준은 (1) 상악 전치에 1개 이상의, 와동이 형성된 우식,상실(우식증에 의한), 충전 평활면이 있거나 (2) 우식,상실,충전 치면의 수가 3세는 4개 이상.4세는 5개 이상.5세는 6개 이상인 경우로 하였다. 상악 전치부 우식증에 의한 우식유병률과 우식경험유치면수(dmfs)에 의한 우식유병률은 3세에서 각각 26.7%. 28.9%, 4세에서 각각 32.4%, 30.4%, 5세에서 각각 39.4%, 41.3%, 전체에서 각각 35.4%, 35.9%으로서. 연령별로는 약간의 차이가 있었으나 전체에서는 차이가0.5%로서 거의 일치하였다. 따라서 중증 유아기 우식증의 진단은 두 가지 기준 중에서 어느 하나를 사용하더라도 비슷한 결과가 나을 것이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of study was to compare the prevalences of severe early childhood cahes(S-ECC) using two different diagnostic criteria. The subjects of this study included 401 preschool children from 36 to 71 months of the randomly selected seven nurseries in Iksan city. Severe early childhood caries was defined as (1) 1 or more cavitated, missing (due to caries), or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth or (2) a decayed, missing, or filled score of ≥4 (age 3), ≥5 (age 4), or ≥6 (age 5) surfaces. The prevalence determined by maxillary anterior caries and the prevalence determined by dmfs were 26.7%, 28.9% in 3 years, 32.4%, 30.4% in 4years. 39.4%, 41.3% in 5 years, and 35.4%, 35.9% in all, respectively. The results suggest that the two diag-nostic criteria of the severe early childhood caries yield almost the same results.

칼슘제 수관살포가 참다래의 과실 품질과 저장에 미치는 영향

임경호,나양기,임동근,마경철,조윤섭,김월수,이상현,박용서 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-

This study were carried out to improve Kiwifruit quality and storage life. Three kinds of calcium compound were sprayed and calcium content of fruits, weight loss during fruit storage and fruit quality were investigated. Calcium contents within leaves and fruit were lower in Clef-non treatment than that of control. The calcium content in fruit pericarp of Kalk-H and CaCl2 was 0.04 to 0.05% higher than that of control. Fruit weight and soluble solids content at harvest was a little higher but acidity and fruit hardness was lowered. Fruit weight loss of Kalk-H and CaCl2 treatment was 1.39 to 1.53% lower than that of control during storage. The soluble solids of ripen fruit was 1.0 to 1.3% higher in all treatment and 0.8% higher in Kalk-H treatment in 120 of after storage. Fruit hardness of control fruit was higher at harvest but that of CaCl2 treatmented fruit was 0.39㎏/φ 5㎜ higher in 120 days of storage.

치수절단 후 접착레진 도포에 대한 잔존치수조직 반응에 관한 연구

임성삼,박동성,손호현 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.2

This study was performed to observe the histopathological response to the bonding resin directly applied on the remaining pulp tissuse. 40 teeth from 3 adult dogs were pulpotomized with a sterile round but and sharp excarvater. In the control group, Ca(OH)_2 powder was applied on the pulp tissue and the cavities were sealed with IRM cement. In the experimental group 1, Superbond C&B was applied on the remaining pulp and the cavities conditioned with 10-3 solution were filled with the mixture of the MMA liquid, PMMA powder and Catalyst. Multi-purpose adhesive was used on the remaining pulp tissue in the experimental group 2 and Z-100 was filled in the cavities. In the experimental group 3, Clearfil photobond applied and directly photo=cured on the pulp tissue, then the cavitieswere treated wit CA agent (10% citric acid and 20% CaCl_2 aqueous solution) for 20 seconds, washed and applied with Clearfil photobond then filled with Protect liner. The experimental animals were sacrified at the 1st, 2nd, and 4th week. The specimens were routinely processed and stained with H-E for light microscopic observation. The results were as followed : 1. In the experimental group 1, the number and characteristics of the dentin bridge formation case was similar to those in the control group and less cases were observed in the experimental group 2 and 3 than experimental group 3. The inflammatory response in experimental group 1 was less than that in the control group at 1st week but there had been little difference at between 2nd and 4th week. 2. The number of the dentin bridge in experimental group 2 was less than that in control group and experimental group 1. The inflammatory response of the experimental group 1 was similar to that of experimental group 1 but less than that of the control group. A number of bleeding and vascular congestion were observed. The least inflammatory response was seen in the experimental group 2 among all groups. 3. In the experimental group 3. one case of the dentin bridge formation was observed and that was the same as that in the experimental group 2 but smaller than that of the control and experimental group 1. The inflammatory response of the experimental group 3 was least at the 1st week and most at the 4th week in the all group.

Fe-Cr-Si과 Fe-Cr-Pt 합금의 고온 cyclic 산화거동에 관한 연구

임채선,조현준,최송천,이동복 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.1

To investigate the cyclic oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr-Si and Fe-Cr-Pt alloys, both (82-94)wt% Fe-(5-15)wt% Cr--(1-3)wt% Si and (82-94)wt% Fe--(5-15)wt% Cr-(1--3) wt%Pt alloys were cyclically oxidized in air at 1000 and 1250℃. By the addition of Si or Pt, the oxidation resistance of Fe-Cr alloys was generally increased with the most pronouncing effects observed in Fe-15wt%Cr containing alloys. After oxidation, on the surface of Fe-Cr--Si alloys, complex oxide layers of Fe_20_3/Fe-Cr spinel/Si-rich oxide were formed, which provides the necessary oxidation resistance. Especially, Fe-15wt%Cr-3wt%Si alloys had best oxidation resistance because the inward diffusion of oxygen was considerably deterred owing to the formation of the protective inner Si0_2 layer from the initial oxidation stage. In Fe-Cr-Pt alloys, oxidation resistance was obtained by forming protective Cr_2 O_3 layers below initially formed outer Fe_2 0_3, layers. However, Fe-Cr-Pt alloys showed decreased oxidation resistance at 1250℃ compared with Fe-Cr-Si alloys.

신축 공동주택의 VOCs와 알데히드류 성분에 대한 실태조사

임득용,김지현,황인조,김동술 경희대학교 2004 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In comparison with other studies, in particular, the emission of indoor HCHO in new apartments were very serious and Vacs showed below the Japan's guidelines (260 ㎍/㎥) excepting toluene (324.31 ㎍/㎥). Concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including aldehydes in indoor air was analyzed at 3 new apartments (at the lower, middle and upper floors of each apartment) during the Spring in 2004. The sample gases of Vacs and aldehydes were collected by Silicon canister (6 L) and 2,4-DNPH cartridges, and the analysis was made by the GC/MSD and PLC. As a result of the analysis, formaldehyde (HCHO) amongst aldehydes was found the highest (874.63 ppb) at the upper floor of C Apt., and the aldehydes' concentrations were S > C > K Apt. each. Also it did not show an apparent variation of characteristics according to floor. The concentration of VOCs was the highest (819.22 ppb) at the upper floor of C Apt. which exhibited in proportion with height.

얼굴 연조직 강화를 위한 자가지방 이식 후 발생한 급성 경계부위 뇌경색

민경현, 이혜림, 여민주, 김지선, 이성현, 이상수, 신동익 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2016 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.26 No.1

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