이용고객에 의한 농산물 도매법인의 평가 : 광주지역 농산물 도매시장의 출하자 및 중도매인을 중심으로 With special emphasis on the producers and intermediary wholesalers of public agricultural products wholesale martek in Gwangju area

안상돈,기회성,김정주 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 2004 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

Since the economic system of capitalism is a society established on the basis of efficiency and competition, the class of people either inefficient or falling behind in competition will gradually weed out. Such principles of the market economy will apply, without exception, to the basic nucleus of the distribution system of the agricultural products, and it is evident that the agricultural products wholesale market companies being managed comparatively inefficiently run the risk of weeding out by themselves. At this point of time when the distribution system of agricultural products becomes diversified and large-sized, and differentiated, the relatively inefficients elements of the agricultural products wholesale market companies may most probably endanger the wholesale market companies, the nucleus of the agricultural products distribution system. The producers and intermediary wholesalers being the main customers of the wholesale market companies, the problems resulting from the conflicts of interest between them are very difficult to compromise and it takes a great deal of efforts and time to satisfy the needs of the producers and the intermediary wholesalers. Nevertheless, it is the hard realities that amid such difficulties, the agricultural products wholesale market companies can not neglect to meet the desires of their main customers, the producers and intermediary wholesalers. Since, however, the wholesale market companies are business entities themselves, it is also evident that they will eventually weed out, if they go against the trend of the times wherein all business entities should pursue "customer emotion" beyond "customer satisfaction". It would, therefore, be very opportune to gauge how the producers and intermediary wholesalers, the two main customers of the wholesale market companies evaluate the use of the wholesale market companies, and how satisfied they are with the services offered by the wholesale market companies. At the same time, such research seems to provide the useful basic materials to establish the survival strategies of the wholesale market companies. The examination of the evaluation, by the producers and intermediary wholesalers, the two main customers of the wholesale market companies, of the use of the wholesale market companies shows that both the producers and the intermediary wholesalers have favorably evaluated the items on (1) improvement of the order of business transactions, (2) rationalization of the level of the market rates such as the commission for sale on consignment, loading and unloading charges and bounties (3) impartiality of auctions, (4) level of satisfaction with reliability and diversity of the information of business transactions, (5) efforts of the employees of the wholesale market companies for collection and sales of the goods and (6) level of satisfaction with the services offered by the employees of the wholesale market companies to main customers. At the same time, when asked whether the use of the wholesale market companies improved their business revenues, the producers (25.0%) and intermediary wholesalers (30.0%) evaluated negatively. Such negative results may very likely lead to threatening factors hampering the growth and development of the wholesale market companies. The above negative results may be even more conspicuous especially under the circumstances where the agricultural products distribution system gets diverse and large-sized and differentiated through revitalization of direct transactions between the producers and large-scale discount marts and the competitions among the companies engaged in the same category of industry are very keen. From the viewpoint of the survival strategy of the wholesale market companies, approaches should be so made as the efforts to improve on the earnings of the producers and wholesale market companies may precede. In the evaluation of the payment methods, most of the producers (90.0%) were affirmative, while intermediary wholesalers were negative (35.0%). However, in consideration of the characteristics of the wholesale market companies having the producers and intermediary wholesalers as their customers, it seems that the methods and procedures for the payments should be improved by all means. In particular, if the wholesale market companies should approach this matter from WIN-WIN strategy, it seems that this matter might be resolved more easily. The changes in the environments faced in management activities of enterprises are quickening and at the same time, the growth or weeding out of enterprises is also quickly determined. Amid such changes, the gauging and satisfying of enterprise desires as the survival strategy must be definitely an extremely important element. The wholesale market company being an business entity itself, should be keen to such changes, and needs to make strategic approaches to its customers, if it does not want to weed out amid such changes.

신이식환자에서 Thiopurine Methyltransferase의 활성이 Azathioprine 치료에 미치는 영향

조주연,배균섭,유경상,이소영,장인진,신상구,김상준,하종원,안규리 大韓臨床藥理學會 2000 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.8 No.1

Sand Drain과 Sand Compaction Pile로 보강된 연약지반의 안정성 검토

안종필,박주원,류성기 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2004 建設技術硏究 Vol.24 No.2

The construction of roads, bridges and buildings on the ground consisting of frail soft soil or organic soil as it may cause safety problems due to lack of supporting force and over-sinking. It is absolutely necessary to change the form of structures, to decrease internal force by consolidating the base sides of the structures, and to replace frail layers with good-quality materials for enhancement's sake. This paper is designed to make a comparative analysis of safety before and after sand drain methods and sand compaction pile methods were applied On the basis of the results of drilling surveys and indoor tests Sand drain construction methods are introduced to tackle 10-meter-deep frail layers. In case drain intervals are 2.0m ~ 3.5m wide when the construction method reaches 90% of consolidation degrees, 79 months ~ 74 months can be expected in terms of shortened time, respectively. If drain interval drops, the period when 90% of consolidation degrees are reached can be reduced by 2 percent. 2.7 meter-deep banking can be done on the raw soil in case the rate of standard safety against activity destruction stands at 1.25. However, in case four-stage banking is made, 6.8 meter-deep banking is made possible, and in case sand compaction pile construction methods are simultaneously used along with stage-based banking, the maximum baking can be 9.8 meters high ~ 9.0 meters high when drain intervals are 1.8 meters wide ~ 2.2 meters wide, respectively.

스타 공동 브랜딩에 대한 연구

안성아,조현주 한국소비자학회 2004 소비자학연구 Vol.15 No.4

음반시장의 불황을 타개하기 위한 한 방법으로 음반기획사들은 원소트 멀티유즈가 가능한 스타 매니지먼트에 관심을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 스타 공동브랜딩 전략에 초점을 맞추고 어떠한 스타 간 조합이 더 성과가 높을 수 있는지 보고자 한다. 기존 공동브랜드에 대한 연구에서는 상품군 간 보완성이 높을수록 그 성과가 높다고 주장하였다. 그러나 스타의 경우 감성적 포트폴리오 구매가 일어나는 상품 특성을 가지고 있어, 동일 상품군 내에서의 결합이 일반적이다. 본 연구는 현재 활동 하는 가수들의 가상 조합을 소비자들에게 제시하고 그 평가를 바탕으로 컨조인트 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 공동브랜드를 구성하는 스타들이 유사한 음악 장르를 할수록, 음악성(가창력)이 높을수록, 친숙도가 높을수록 더 우호적으로 평가되는 것으로 나타났다. 속성의 상대적 중요도에 있어서는 음악성이 다른 속성보다 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 결합하는 스타들의 인지도가 다른 경우 공동브랜드를 결성한다면 인지도가 낮은 스타의 팬 크기가 인지도가 높은 스타보다 그룹 결성 후 더 커지는 결과를 보여주었다. 본 연구는 스타를 브랜드 이론과 연결시킴으로써 다양한 스타 매니지먼트 전략과 그 이론적 바탕을 마련한 공헌점이 있다. Recently, Korea pop music recording industry has suffered from a decrease in sales due to many external factors such as MP3 and new media. Accordingly a Star system has been paid attention by many record corporations. Our study focuses on the star cobranding-turning soloists into a group- in the music industry. Previous co-branding researches focus on product category fit, especially completeness among categories. However, stars are hedonic portfolio products(Moe and Fader, 2001) and star co-branding has a characteristics of being made by stars in the similar category. Our research shows that members with similar musical features, the similar genre and high familiarity can make co-branding more favorable. Moreover, it shows that the musical features are more important than other factors. Additionally, after making a group, the constituent member with low-awareness get more fans then one with high-awareness.

잔류종업원의 해고 관련 지각과 조직유효성

안상윤,유병주 한국생산성학회 1999 生産性論集 Vol.13 No.3

This study is to examine how survivors' perceived variables concerning layoff affects organizational effectiveness, and this study has the following major objectives. 1. To examine how perception of survivors about layoff(perceived justice, perceived co-workers' reactions, perceived identity feelings with layoff victims, perceived job insecurity) would affects in job satisfaction and organizational commitment. 2. To find if survivors' perception of concerning layoff affects the change of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, demographic factors will operate as moderate variables. To examine the above objectives, empirical study is conducted: seven companies were selected as samples for this study and 743 questionnaires were analysed. The findings show that job satisfaction and organizational commitment decreased after layoff. The perceived of co-workers reactions influence job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The perceived of identity with layoff victims negatively influence job organizational commitment. The relations between perceived job insecurity and job satisfaction and organizational commitment are not significantly correlated. The moderating effects of demographic variables were found in union membership, and marital status. Finally, the implications of this study are that employees' job satisfaction and organizational commitment as job attitude variables are decreased after layoffs. Therefore, human resources manager are required to consider the survivor's perception and try to maintain their psychological stability in jobs. Perceived justice of layoff has a positive influence on organizational effectiveness, do personnel manager should consider the procedural and distributive justice about layoff.

족관절 염좌에서 근주용 Prioxicam의 임상효과 : An open non-Comparative Trial

인주철,안종철,김세동,안면환,서재성 최신의학사 1988 最新醫學 Vol.31 No.11

정신분열병 환자의 우울증에서 Paroxetine과 삼환계 항우울제 병용치료

심주철,공보금,박정환,윤영란,신재국,김정익,안동성,김용관,차인준,김영훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

저자들은 마산동서병원에 입원중인 우울증이 동반된 정신분열증 환자 10명을 대상으로 사용중인 항정신병약물에 paroxetine과 저용량의 삼환계 항우울제를 6주간 병용투여한 후 우울증상에 대한 효과와 치료의 안전성 및 약물상호작용을 알아보았다. Paroxetine은 고정량의 항정신병약물과 삼환계 항우울제에 부가하여 일일 20㎎을 6주간 병용하게 하였으며, 임상상태는 HDRS, HARS, UKU Side Effect Rating Scale등의 평가척도를 사용하여 평가하였다. 또한 약동학적 약물상호작용은 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 HPLC로 측정하여 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 10명의 전체 대상환자에서의 HDRS 평균점수는 TCA와 paroxetine 병용투여 6주후에 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되었다. 이중 40%의 환자에서는 병용투여 6주후에 HDRS 점수상 50% 이상의 감소를 보여, 일부의 환자들에서는 정신분열병에 동반된 우울증상의 치료에 소량의 삼환계 항우울제와 paroxetine의 병용치료가 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 2) 두 명의 환자에게서 심각한 약물독성이 발생하였다. 이중 한 명은 삼환계 항우울제의 높은 혈중농도로 인한 항콜린성 위기(anticholinergic crisis) 소견을 보였으며, 다른 한 명은 인지기능 및 의식수준은 명료하였으나 망상과 환각증상이 약화되는 소견을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 시도된 복합적 약물치료의 경우, 삼환계 항우울제의 혈중농도의 측정을 포함한 세심한 임상적 추적이 필요하다고 생각된다. 3) 기저치의 amitriptyline과 그 대사물인 nortriptyline의 농도합. imipramine과 대사물인 desipramine의 농도합은 각각 47.8-226.5ng/㎖. 80.5-395.6ng/㎖였으며 일반적으로 이들 약물들의 단독사용시에 문헌에 보고된 혈중농도를 훨씬 상회하고 있었다. 이는 병용투여된 항정신병 약물 약시 강력한 CYP2D6 효소억제제로서 기저치의 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 이미 상당히 증가시켰던 것으로 판단되며, 그러한 결과로 인해 본 연구에서는 paroxetine이 이전의 문헌보고들과는 달리 뚜렷하게 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 증가시키지 못하였다. 본 연구는 SSRI와 삼환계 항우울제의 병합 투여가 우울증의 개선 효과를 빠르게 하고, 치료역을 넓히고, 약물상호작용의 결과 paroxetine이 삼환계 항우울제의 혈중농도를 증가시킨다는 기존의 연구결과를 이용하여 정신분열병 우울증상의 치료에 parotextine과 소량의 삼환계 항우울제를 병용하는 방법을 시도해 본 연구이다. 저자들은 이러한 약물치료가 일부의 환자들에게서 효과가 있음을 관찰하였으나, 항정신병약물과 삼환계 항우울제를 병용투여 할 경우는 물론 이에 paroxetine과 같은 선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제를 병용할 경우 복합약물상호작용의 결과로 약물독성의 위험성이 크며 세심한 주의가 필요함을 경험하였다. Depression is well-known to comorbid with several psychiatric disorders. Many schizophrenics also suffer from depression in the course of their illness. Combined therapy of SSRI and tricyclic antidepressants were reported to have benefits in some depressed patients. Paroxetine, a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor, increases the blood levels of tricyclic antidepressant markedly. Using paroxetine, we tried this combined therapy in the treatment of depressive symptoms in 10 chronic schizophrenic inpatients and evaluated its efficacy and drug interactions between paroxetine and tricyclic antidepressants. The following results were obtained : 1) The mean score of Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) was reduced significantly after 6 weeks-trials of this combined therapy for the mild depressive symptoms in 10 chronic schizophrenics. In four patients, 50% or more reductions in the scores of HDRS were noticed at final evaluation. 2) Two among our 10 subjects experienced severe toxic behavioral problems. Anticholinergic crisis with toxic confusion due to high blood levels of tricyclics was found in one patient and the other showed rapid clinical deterioration in his psychotic symptoms such as delusion and hallucination without any consciousness alternation. 3) Baseline plasma levels of tricyclics before adding paroxetine were higher than expected in our chronic schizophrenic subjects maintained with their antipsychotic medications. Several antipsychotics were also known as a potent CYP2D6 inhibitors and to increase the blood levels of tricyclics. Because the blood levels of tricyclics had already increased significantly by the use of antipsychotics, adding paroxetine to antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressant in our subjects could increase the blood levels of tricyclics not so much as previously reported in the literatures.

지구과학 수업에서 학습자 특성에 따른 수업목표의 효과

禹姝希,安炳鎬,金相達 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1990 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

The present study is designed to investigate the effects of instructional objectives according to the trait of learners on the Earth Science instruction. The types of cognitive style, adopted as the trait of learners in this study, are expressed in terms of the Field-Independent(FI) and Field-Dependent(FD) groups. Based on the result of the Group Embedded Figure Test, the subjects of this study, 100 second-grade high school girls in Taegu area, are divided randomly into two groups, each identically consisting of 25 FI and the same number of FD students. The instructional objectives are prepared according to the method by Gronlund(1970) After an hour of instruction covering ' the change of the earth's surface' with the instructional objectives for one group and without them for the other group, the same performance test is given to both of the groups. The main results of the test are summarized as follows: (ⅰ) There is no significant difference between the FI group with instructional objectives and the group with non-instructional objectives in the achievement of learning. (ⅱ) There is a significant difference between the FD group with instructional objectives and the group with non-instructional objectives in the achievement of learning. (ⅲ) There is a significant difference between the group with instructional objectives and the other group without them regardless of the types of cognitive style.

노년층에서 대퇴경부 골절의 치료

인주철,안면환,서재성 영남대학교의과대학 1985 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.2 No.1

본 영남의대 정형외과학 교실에서는 1983년 5월부터 1985년 2월말까지 치료한 노년층의 대퇴경부 골절 환자 30예 중 추시가 가능했던 18예를 골절의 양상 및 치료 방법에 따라 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 18예 중 여자가 11예, 남자 7예로 고령의 여자에 호발하였다. 2. 60대 이상의 골절 11예 중 8예가 경도의 외상에 의하였고 4예가 심각한 골조송증을 동반하였다. 3. 골절의 양상으로는 총 18예 중 4예가 비전위 골절, 11예가 전위된 골두하 골절, 3예가 전위된 중간경부 골절이었다. 특히 60대 이상의 골절 11예는 3예가 비전위 골절, 나머지 8예가 전위된 골두하 골절이었다. 4. 치료 방법은 총 18예 중 13예에서 도수정복 및 다발성 철침 고정술을 시행하였고, 4예에서 대퇴골두 치환술을 1예에서 특별한 처치를 하지 않았다. 5. 내고정술을 시행한 비전위 골절 4예에서는 합병증을 초래하지 않았고, 전위된 골절 9예 중 4예에서 합병증을 초래하였는데 전 예가 전위된 골두하 골절이었다. 6. 전위된 골두하 골절로 내고정술을 시행한 6예 중 3예에서 3일 이내에 치료하였는데 이 중 1예에서 과내반 정복 상태로 합병증을 초래하였고 3일 이상 지연된 3예에는 전 예에서 합병증을 초래 하였다. 7, 전위된 골두하 골절 6예 중 과외반 정복된 2예에서는 합병증이 발생하지 않았고 과내반 정복된 3예와 수상후 1주일 이후에 양호한 정복 상태인 1예 모두 합병증이 발생하였다. 노년기의 대퇴경부 골절 환자의 치료시에 합병증의 발생은 대개 골절의 양상 및 치료 시기에 의해 결정되며, 내고정술시에는 조속한 시간내에 해부학적 정복 혹은 외반 정복을 시도하는 것이 바람직하며 특히 고령의 환자에서 전위된 골두하골절로 치료의 지연, 정복의 불가능, 과내반 정복 및 고관절에 기존 질병이 있는 경우에는 일차적인 대퇴골두 치환술 혹은 고관절 치환술이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. Femur neck fracture is well known as one of the major death cause after trauma in elderly patients, and unsolved fracture due to its frequent association with complications such as avascular necrosis and nonunion. Through meticulous evaluation of the patient, hip and surgeon's experiences, reduction of mortality and morbidity as well as rapid recovery of the patient to the preinjury social and ambulatory status without local complications and revision after treatment is urgently needed. Many factors about this fracture in itself were noted, but we have analyzed 18 femur neck fractures of the patients older than 50 years preliminarily according to age, fracture pattern, osteoporosis, etiology and method of treatment with its delay in association with major complications especially avascular necrosis and nonunion. The results are as follows; 1. Of these 18 fractures, 11 were in females, 8 were caused by minor trauma such as slip-down accident and 4 were associated with definite osteoporosis according to the Sing's classification. 2. Fracture pattern of these 18 are undisplaced in 4, displaced subcapital in 11, displaced transcervical in 3. 11 fractures in the patients older than 60 year are composed of 3 undisplaced or impacted fractures and 8 displaced subcapital fractures. 3. These 18 fractures were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with multiple pins in 13, and hemiarthroplasty in 4, but one was not treated to die after discharge from hospital. 4. 4 undisplaced or impacted fractures and 3 displaced transcervical fractures were not associated with any compilcations such as avascular necrosis or nonunion. But 4 of 6 displaced subcapital fractures were complicated by avascular necrosis, 3 of which were reduced in the varus position within 1 week, and the other was reduced in the good position on 1 week after trauma. There was no complication in 2 displaced subcapital fractures reduced in valgus position within 3 days after trauma. According to the above results, the prognosis of the femur neck fracture is dependent upon the fracture pattern and delay in its treatment. So it is inevitable to reduce the fracture in anatomical or valgus position as early as possible. But the arthroplasty may be needed in displaced subcapital fractures delayed for several days, with its reluction in extreme varus position or impossible and with pre-existing disease in the same hip joint (total hip replacement).

농산물 산지 유통센타 건립 투자분석 : YK농협을 중심으로 with a special reference to the YK Primary Agri-coop.

김정주,안상돈,김만수 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 2004 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

The YK primary agricultural cooperative has a plan to build a Agricultural Products Packing Center with 1.3 billion won of investment. Under the assumption that the benefit rate of the marketing business is over 0.4% and the annual increasing rate over 10%, the IRR will be 4.21%, which means that this plan will be benefit when the borrowing rate for the investment capital is less than 4% per annum. However, since the assumed condition that the annual increasing rate of marketing business should be over 10% per annum seems to be impossible to realize, this plan would be impossible to bring into action. Therefore, it would be inevitable to have a joint business among the neighbouring cooperatives in order to enlarge the size of the marketing business volume. In the case of joint business, this plan will be benefit, when the borrowing rate for the investment capital is less than 4% per annum under the assumption that the benefit rate of the marketing business is over 0.4% and the annual increasing rate over 1%, since in that case the IRR is over 4.57%.