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최근 5년(2006-2010)간 소아 혈액 종양 환자에서 발생한 균혈증의 원인균 및 임상 양상: 단일기관 연구
강지은,석준영,윤기욱,강형진,최은화,박경덕,신희영,이환종,안효섭,Kang, Ji Eun,Seok, Joon Young,Yun, Ki Wook,Kang, Hyoung Jin,Choi, Eun Hwa,Park, Kyung Duk,Shin, Hee Young,Lee, Hoan Jong,Ahn, Hyo Seop 대한소아감염학회 2012 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.19 No.3
목 적 : 소아 종양 환자의 균혈증의 원인균과 위험 인자에 대한 지속적인 감시 및 조사를 통해 적절한 치료와 생존율 향상에 기여하고자, 2006년부터 2010년의 최근 5년간 서울대학교 어린이 병원 소아 종양 환자에게 발생했던 균혈증의 원인균 분포와 이들의 항생제 감수성을 분석하여 항생제 선택에 실제적인 도움을 얻고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 5년간 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 입원 치료를 받은 소아 종양환자들에게 발생한 균혈증에 대하여, 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 의무기록 분석 시, 선행 질환 및 호중구 수치, 치료 경과 등을 조사하였고, 호중구 감소증, 중심 정맥관 등 균혈증의 예후 인자에 대한 분석을 함께 시행하였다. 결 과 : 총 176명의 소아 종양 환자에게 226례의 균혈증이 발생하였고, 246균주가 분리되었다. 이 중 그람 음성균, 그람 양성균, 진균이 각각 63.4%, 34.6%, 2.0%이었다. 그람 음성균 중에는 Klebsiella species, E. coli, 그람 양성균 중에는 coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. aureus 등이 높은 비율로 분리되었다. 그람 양성균의 penicillin, oxacillin, vanconycmin 내성률은 각각 85.7%, 65.9%, 9.5%이었으며, 그람 음성균의 cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin 내성률은 각각 37.2%, 17.1%, 6.2%, 32.2%, 13.7%이었다. 전체 환자에서 치사율은 12.7%였다. 그람 음성균 균혈증의 쇼크 발생률이 그람 양성균 균혈증보다 유의하게 높았고(48.4% vs. 11.9%, P<0.01), 치사율 역시 그람 음성균이 더 높았다(12.1% vs. 3.0%, P=0.03). 쇼크 발생률은 호중구 감소증을 동반한 환자군에서 호중구 감소증을 동반하지 않은 환자군에서보다 유의하게 높았다(39.6% vs. 22.0%, P=0.04). 결 론 : 그람 음성균이 소아 종양 환자의 균혈증의 흔한 원인균이며, 불량한 예후와도 관련성이 높은 점들은 기존 연구결과들과 일치하였다. 향후 원인 균주의 분포와 항생제 내성률의 변화에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : This study was performed to identify the etiologic agents and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of organisms responsible for bloodstream infections in pediatric cancer patients for guidance in empiric antimicrobial therapy. Methods : A 5-year retrospective study of pediatric hemato-oncologic patients with bacteremia in Seoul National University Children's Hospital, from 2006 to 2010 was conducted. Results : A total of 246 pathogens were isolated, of which 63.4% (n=156) were gram-negative, bacteria 34.6% (n=85) were gram-positive bacteria, and 2.0% (n=5) were fungi. The most common pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (n=61, 24.8%) followed by Escherichia coli (n=31, 12.6%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=23, 9.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=22, 8.9 %). Resistance rates of gram-positive bacteria to penicillin, oxacillin, and vancomycin were 85.7%, 65.9%, and 9.5%, respectively. Resistance rates of gram-negative bacteria to cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, and amikacin were 37.2%, 17.1%, 6.2%, 32.2%, and 13.7%, respectively. Overall fatality rate was 12.7%. Gram-negative bacteremia was more often associated with shock (48.4% vs. 11.9%, P<0.01) and had higher fatality rate than gram-positive bacteremia (12.1% vs. 3.0%, P=0.03). Neutropenic patients were more often associated with shock than non-neutropenic patients (39.6 % vs. 22.0%, P=0.04). Conclusion : This study revealed that gram-negative bacteria were still dominant organisms of bloodstream infections in children with hemato-oncologic diseases, and patients with gram-negative bacteremia showed fatal course more frequently than those with gram-positive bacteremia.
나사형 임플란트 고정체의 길이, 직경, 플랫폼 형태에 따른 임플란트와 주위조직의 응력분포
강지은,정현주,구철회,양홍서,Kang, Ji-Eun,Chung, Hyun-Ju,Ku, Chul-Whoi,Yang, Hong-So 대한턱관절교합학회 2002 구강회복응용과학지 Vol.16 No.3
Seven finite element models were constructed in mandible having single screw-type implant fixture connected to the premolar superstructure, in order to evaluate how the length, diameter and platform shape of a screw-type fixture influence the stress in the supporting tissue around fixtures. Each finite element model was varied in terms of length, diameter, and platform shape of the fixture. In each model, 250N of vertical load was placed on the central pit of an occlusal plane and 250N of oblique load placed on the buccal cusp. The stress distribution in the supporting tissue and the other components was analysed using 2-dimensional finite element analysis and the maximum von Mises stress in each reference area was compared. Under lateral loading, the stress was larger at the abutment/fixture interface, and in the crestal bone, compared to the stress pattern under vertical loading. The amount of stress at the superstructure was similar regardless of the length, diameter and platform shape of a fixture. Around the longer fixture, the stress was decreased at the bone crest and subjacent cancellous bone and increased in the cancellous bone area apical to the fixture. Around the wider fixture, the stress was decreased at the abutment/fixture interface, and the bone crest and increased in the cancellous bone area apical to the fixture. Around the fixture having wider platform, less stress was produced at the abutment/fixture interface and the upper part of the cortical bone, compared to the fixture having standard platform. In conclusion, the stress distribution of the supporting tissue was affected by length, diameter, and platform shape of a fixture, and the fixture which was larger in diameter and length could reduce the stress in the supporting tissues at the bone-fixture interface and bone crest area.
방향족 산증식제 2-hydroxy-2'-tosyloxy Biphenyl의 레지스트 레진의 종류에 따른 효과에 관한 연구
강지은,정용석,정연태,Kang, Ji-Eun,Jeong, Yong-Seok,Jeong, Yeon-Tae 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.18 No.6
We compared the effects of a representative aromatic acid amplifier, 2-hydroxy-2'-tosylory biphenyl, doped in poly(tort-butyl methacrylate) (PTBMA), poly (tetrahydropyranylmethacrylate) (pTHPMh) or poly[tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (pTBOCST) resin film as acid labile polymer in view of thermal stability and photosensitivity enhancement. The acid amplifier was stable up to 60 min in pTBMA and pTBOCST film and up to 10 min in pTHPMA film at $120^{\circ}C$. pTBMA and pTHPMA film doped with the acid amplifier showed 9 times and 3 times higher photosensitivity, respectively. But pTBOCST film showed a negligible photosensitivity enhancement. Photosensitivity enhancement and thermal stability of the acid amplifier were found to be affected by the resin.
초등학교 저학년 학습자를 위한 인공지능 교육프로그램 개발
강지은,구덕회,Kang, Ji-eun,Koo, Dukhoi 한국정보교육학회 2021 정보교육학회논문지 Vol.25 No.5
최근 인공지능 교육을 위한 다양한 플랫폼과 컨텐츠가 개발되고 있지만, 초등 저학년 학습자를 위한 인공지능교육 프로그램 개발은 미비한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 초등학교 저학년 학습자를 위한 인공지능 교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 소프트웨어 교육을 위한 다양한 융합교육 연구사례가 있는 노벨 엔지니어링 기법을 활용하여 교육 프로그램을 설계하였다. 1차 프로그램 개발 후 전문가 타당도 검사로 검증을 하였고 이에 따라 프로그램을 수정하여 개발하였다. 그 결과 한글 해득 과정 중인 저학년 학습자 수준을 고려하여 문자 언어보다는 음성 언어를 기반으로 한 프로그램을 구성하고, 교과 간 통합으로 교육 시수를 확보할 필요가 있었다. 이에 정보 교과가 별도로 신설되어 있지 않은 초등 저학년의 교육과정을 고려하여 국어, 수학, 통합교과와 융합하여 인공지능 교육프로그램을 설계하였다. 본 연구를 통해 초등 저학년 학습자를 위한 인공지능교육의 새로운 방향성을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Recently, various platforms and contents for artificial intelligence education have been developed, but artificial intelligence education programs for the lower grades of elementary school are insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence education program for learners in the lower grades of elementary school. It was designed using the Novel Engineering with various convergence education research cases for software education. After the first program was developed, it was verified by expert validity test, and the program was modified and developed accordingly. It was necessary to construct a program based on spoken language rather than written language in consideration of the level of learners in the lower grades in the process of acquiring Hangeul, and to secure the number of educational hours through integration between subjects. It is expected that this study can suggest a new direction for artificial intelligence education for elementary and lower grade learners.
강지은 ( Ji Eun Kang ) 한국철학사상연구회 2010 시대와 철학 Vol.21 No.1
Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Erforschung der Moglichkeit der Kommunikation auf Grund der Kants Asthetik. Analysiert die Kants Asthetik nur im Bereich der Kunst, das Problem wird nicht losen konnen. Kant haben sich interesieren nicht fur das Wesen des Schonen sondern fur die Moglichkeit der asthetischen Urteil d.i. der Geschmacksurteil. Kant hat behandelt nicht `Was ist das Schon` sondern `Wie konnen urteilen wir das Schon`. Namlich ist Kants Asthetik die Analyse uber das Vermogen des Mensch und zugleich der Ausblick uber die Moglichkeit des Vermogen des Mensch. Also ist Kants Asthetik in der Tat die Antropologie. Man ist durch Urteil kommunikationen und streiten. In der Kritik der Urteilskraft Kant zeigt Moglichkeit der Vermittlung zwischen der Nature und der Freiheit. Das ist die reflektierende Uerteilskraft. Kant zeigt die reflektirende Urteilskraft welche ohne Begriff durch das Besondere das Prinzip versucht. Die reflektierende Urteilskraft hat dem Mensch harmonisch die Welt nach das Prinzip der Zweckmaßichkeit erkennen helfen. In vierte Kapitel behandelt in Dimension der politisch Kommunikation das Kants Asthetik. Dies Argument kommen aus politische Philosophie der Hannah Arendt hervor. Hannah Arendt ist moderne Philosoph welch gelesen als politisch Text Kants die Kritik der Urteilskraft. Nun aus die Kants asthetische, reflektierende Urteilskraft entwickelt sich die Arendts reflektierende politisch Urteil. Das funfte Kapitel behandelt die postmodernisch Moglichkeit der Kommunikation. Ich anwende die Kants Kommunikation Theorie auf der moderne Gesellschaft. In diesem Kapitel untersuche ich Lyotard, Gadamer welche behandeln die gesellschaft, kulturiche Moglichkeit der Kommunikation. Die Moglichkeit der Kommunikation anfangt mit Kants Asthetik wird werden auf der Wissenschaft der Menschen den Grundstein legen.